- A
The rule's maximum execution frequency is set to 24 hours
Why wrong: Incorrect. A maximum execution frequency of 24 hours does not cause incorrect NON_COMPLIANT results; it only affects when periodic evaluations occur. Configuration changes still trigger evaluation immediately.
- B
The Lambda function that evaluates the rule has a logic error
Correct. A logic error in the Lambda function can cause false NON_COMPLIANT results despite the tag being present.
- C
The rule is not being triggered by CloudTrail events
Why wrong: Incorrect. The rule is triggered by configuration changes, not CloudTrail events. CloudTrail triggers are irrelevant to this scenario.
- D
The rule is configured to evaluate only for a specific resource type that does not include EC2
Why wrong: Incorrect. If the rule is scoped to a resource type that excludes EC2, the rule would not evaluate EC2 instances at all, resulting in 'Not evaluated', not NON_COMPLIANT.
- E
The AWS Config service role does not have permission to invoke the Lambda function
Correct. If the Config service role lacks permission to invoke the Lambda, the evaluation fails. If the rule's default compliance is NON_COMPLIANT, it shows as NON_COMPLIANT.
DOP-C02 AWS Config custom rule Practice Question
This DOP-C02 practice question tests your understanding of configuration management and iac. The scenario asks you to isolate a root cause — eliminate options that address a different problem before choosing. A key principle to apply: aWS Config custom rule. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company uses AWS Config to evaluate resource compliance. They have a custom AWS Config rule that checks whether EC2 instances have a specific tag. The rule is triggered by configuration changes. The DevOps engineer notices that the rule evaluation results show 'NON_COMPLIANT' for some instances that actually have the tag. Which TWO could be causes? (Choose TWO.)
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
The Lambda function that evaluates the rule has a logic error
Option B is correct because a logic error in the Lambda function evaluating the custom rule can cause it to incorrectly mark compliant resources as NON_COMPLIANT, such as misinterpreting the tag key/value or case sensitivity. Option E is correct because if the AWS Config service role lacks permission to invoke the Lambda function, the evaluation fails. If the custom rule has a default compliance value of NON_COMPLIANT for evaluation failures, the resource will be marked NON_COMPLIANT even though the tag is present.
Key principle: AWS Config custom rule
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
The rule's maximum execution frequency is set to 24 hours
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect. A maximum execution frequency of 24 hours does not cause incorrect NON_COMPLIANT results; it only affects when periodic evaluations occur. Configuration changes still trigger evaluation immediately.
- ✓
The Lambda function that evaluates the rule has a logic error
Why this is correct
Correct. A logic error in the Lambda function can cause false NON_COMPLIANT results despite the tag being present.
Related concept
AWS Config custom rule
- ✗
The rule is not being triggered by CloudTrail events
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect. The rule is triggered by configuration changes, not CloudTrail events. CloudTrail triggers are irrelevant to this scenario.
- ✗
The rule is configured to evaluate only for a specific resource type that does not include EC2
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect. If the rule is scoped to a resource type that excludes EC2, the rule would not evaluate EC2 instances at all, resulting in 'Not evaluated', not NON_COMPLIANT.
- ✓
The AWS Config service role does not have permission to invoke the Lambda function
Why this is correct
Correct. If the Config service role lacks permission to invoke the Lambda, the evaluation fails. If the rule's default compliance is NON_COMPLIANT, it shows as NON_COMPLIANT.
Related concept
AWS Config custom rule
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
The trap is that candidates may focus on evaluation failures (like permission issues) causing 'Failed' status, but if the custom rule's default compliance is set to NON_COMPLIANT, a permission error results in NON_COMPLIANT. Also, resource type scoping errors lead to 'Not evaluated', not NON_COMPLIANT.
Trap categories for this question
Scenario analysis trap
Incorrect. The rule is triggered by configuration changes, not CloudTrail events. CloudTrail triggers are irrelevant to this scenario.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
Custom AWS Config rules use AWS Lambda functions that receive an event containing the resource configuration and must return a compliance result (e.g., 'COMPLIANT' or 'NON_COMPLIANT'). A common subtlety is that the Lambda function must handle both triggered evaluations (from configuration changes) and periodic evaluations (if a frequency is set); a logic error in the handler can cause incorrect results for either trigger type. In real-world scenarios, developers often forget to handle case-insensitive tag comparisons or fail to account for multiple tags, leading to false NON_COMPLIANT results.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- AWS Config custom rule
- Default compliance value
TExam Day Tips
- Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
- Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
AWS Config custom rule
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.
Quick reference
Cloud Service Model Comparison
| Model | You Manage | Provider Manages | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| IaaS | OS, runtime, apps, data | Hardware, hypervisor, networking | EC2, Azure VMs, GCP Compute Engine |
| PaaS | Apps and data | OS, runtime, middleware, hardware | Elastic Beanstalk, Azure App Service |
| SaaS | Data and settings only | Everything else | Microsoft 365, Salesforce, Workday |
| FaaS / Serverless | Function code only | Infra, scaling, runtime | Lambda, Azure Functions, Cloud Run |
| CaaS | Containers and apps | Kubernetes, OS, hardware | EKS, AKS, GKE |
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review aWS Config custom rule, then practise related DOP-C02 questions on the same topic to reinforce the concept.
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Configuration Management and IaC — study guide chapter
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this DOP-C02 question test?
Configuration Management and IaC — This question tests Configuration Management and IaC — AWS Config custom rule.
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: The Lambda function that evaluates the rule has a logic error — Option B is correct because a logic error in the Lambda function evaluating the custom rule can cause it to incorrectly mark compliant resources as NON_COMPLIANT, such as misinterpreting the tag key/value or case sensitivity. Option E is correct because if the AWS Config service role lacks permission to invoke the Lambda function, the evaluation fails. If the custom rule has a default compliance value of NON_COMPLIANT for evaluation failures, the resource will be marked NON_COMPLIANT even though the tag is present.
What should I do if I get this DOP-C02 question wrong?
Review aWS Config custom rule, then practise related DOP-C02 questions on the same topic to reinforce the concept.
What is the key concept behind this question?
AWS Config custom rule
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Last reviewed: Jul 4, 2026
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