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DOP-C02 Incident and Event Response Practice Question

A company runs a production database on Amazon RDS for MySQL. The database experiences a sudden spike in connections, causing the application to time out. The DevOps team needs to diagnose the issue quickly. Which combination of actions should be taken? (Choose two.)

⚠ Common exam trap

DOP-C02 often tests the difference between diagnosis and remediation — candidates pick 'scale up immediately' because it feels proactive, but the question asks how to diagnose quickly, not how to fix.

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

✓

Check CloudWatch metrics for DatabaseConnections and CPUUtilization.

Option A is correct because Amazon CloudWatch publishes RDS metrics such as DatabaseConnections (the current number of client sessions) and CPUUtilization, which directly reveal whether the timeout is caused by connection saturation or CPU exhaustion on the instance. Option E is correct because Performance Insights, once enabled, provides a database load view broken down by wait events and top SQL statements, letting the team pinpoint which queries or sessions are consuming resources during the spike. Option B is not appropriate as a diagnostic step because scaling up is a remediation action taken after the root cause is identified, and it may not resolve connection-limit or query-level problems. Option C is wrong because VPC Flow Logs capture IP-level network traffic metadata, not database session counts or query behavior, so they cannot explain an RDS connection spike. Option D is wrong because the RDS console does not provide a per-user active connection breakdown; that level of session detail requires querying performance_schema or using Performance Insights.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • ✓

    Check CloudWatch metrics for DatabaseConnections and CPUUtilization.

    Why this is correct

    This is the correct first step because CloudWatch provides two directly relevant metrics for an RDS for MySQL instance: DatabaseConnections shows the number of client sessions currently established, and CPUUtilization reflects aggregate CPU consumption. If DatabaseConnections spikes while CPUUtilization remains normal, the problem is connection exhaustion or a connection leak; if CPUUtilization also rises, it likely indicates heavy query load. These metrics give you a high-level, time-aligned picture of whether the symptom is connection-bound or compute-bound, which drives the next diagnostic step (e.g., enabling Performance Insights).

  • ✗

    Immediately scale up the RDS instance to handle the load.

    Why it's wrong here

    Scaling up the instance size is a reactive mitigation that does not diagnose the root cause, and it can be expensive and time-consuming because a modification may require a reboot. The real issue could be a single poorly optimized query, a connection leak, or a parameter misconfiguration, none of which a larger instance would fix—though it might temporarily mask the symptom. Furthermore, scaling to a higher instance class increases compute but may not address constraints like max_connections, storage I/O, or a problematic query that still runs for the same duration.

  • ✗

    Analyze VPC Flow Logs to identify the source IPs of connections.

    Why it's wrong here

    VPC Flow Logs capture metadata about network traffic, such as source/destination IPs, ports, and packet counts, but they do not expose database layer details like MySQL usernames, session IDs, or per-connection authentication outcomes. While they could reveal which IP addresses are reaching port 3306 on the RDS endpoint, they cannot show whether a connection is idle, active, or consuming CPU, nor can they identify the SQL statement being executed. For diagnosing database performance, you need RDS-specific telemetry (CloudWatch, Performance Insights, or the MySQL SHOW PROCESSLIST), not raw network flows.

  • ✗

    Use the RDS console to view the number of active connections per user.

    Why it's wrong here

    The RDS Management Console provides instance-level metrics like current connections and, in some cases, the number of active sessions, but it does not give a per-user breakdown of connections. To see connections per MySQL user, you would need to query PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA tables such as threads or sessions, or run SHOW PROCESSLIST from an admin connection—neither of which is available through a console pane. Therefore, this option is not a valid diagnostic path because the console simply lacks the granularity to identify which user is consuming connections.

  • ✓

    Enable Performance Insights and review the top SQL statements.

    Why this is correct

    Performance Insights is the correct second diagnostic step because it goes beyond aggregate metrics and shows database load broken down by SQL statement, waiting event, and client host. By reviewing the top SQL statements, you can identify a specific query that is consuming high CPU or locking resources, which may be causing connections to pile up. This target visibility lets you pinpoint a problematic query (e.g., a missing index or Cartesian join) and then tune it, rather than guessing at the cause from external metrics alone.

Visual reference

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JA

Written and reviewed by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security

Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva

Last reviewed September 2026 · checked against the official Amazon Web Services exam blueprint

This DOP-C02 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Amazon Web Services certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the DOP-C02 exam.