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Security and Compliance →hardMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

DOP-C02 Security and Compliance Practice Question

This DOP-C02 practice question tests your understanding of security and compliance. The scenario asks you to isolate a root cause — eliminate options that address a different problem before choosing. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

A company runs a critical application on EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The application uses HTTPS. The security team wants to ensure that all traffic between the ALB and the instances is encrypted. The instances currently use a self-signed certificate for the backend HTTPS listener. The engineer notices that the ALB health checks are failing, and the error message indicates 'TLS handshake failed'. The health check is configured as HTTPS. What should the engineer do to resolve the health check failure while maintaining encryption?

Question 1hardmultiple choice

Full question →

A
Install a valid certificate from AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) on each EC2 instance and configure the ALB target group to use HTTPS with that certificate.
A valid certificate trusted by the ALB will allow the TLS handshake to succeed.
B
Change the health check to use HTTP on port 80 and allow HTTP traffic from the ALB to the instances.
Why wrong: This would not encrypt health check traffic, violating the encryption requirement.
C
Configure the ALB to ignore certificate verification for health checks by setting the health check protocol to HTTPS and enabling 'ignore certificate' option.
Why wrong: ALB does not have an option to ignore certificate verification for health checks; it must trust the certificate.
D
Disable health checks on the ALB and rely on CloudWatch alarms to detect instance failures.
Why wrong: Disabling health checks is not a best practice.

Full breakdown with real-world context →

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

✓

Install a valid certificate from AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) on each EC2 instance and configure the ALB target group to use HTTPS with that certificate.

The ALB health check expects a valid certificate from the target. Self-signed certificates cause health checks to fail unless the ALB is configured to ignore certificate verification. The ALB can be configured to verify or skip verification. To fix, the engineer should either configure the target group to use HTTP for health checks (while using HTTPS for data traffic) or configure the target group to use HTTPS with a certificate that the ALB trusts (e.g., from ACM). The simplest is to use HTTP health checks, but the requirement is to maintain encryption. However, health checks can be over HTTP if the data traffic uses HTTPS. Alternatively, the engineer can install a certificate from ACM on the instances, but that is more complex. The most practical solution is to use HTTP for health checks (which is not encrypted) but the question says maintain encryption. The best answer is to install a trusted certificate (e.g., from ACM) on the instances.

Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

✓
Install a valid certificate from AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) on each EC2 instance and configure the ALB target group to use HTTPS with that certificate.
Why this is correct
A valid certificate trusted by the ALB will allow the TLS handshake to succeed.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
✗
Change the health check to use HTTP on port 80 and allow HTTP traffic from the ALB to the instances.
Why it's wrong here
This would not encrypt health check traffic, violating the encryption requirement.
✗
Configure the ALB to ignore certificate verification for health checks by setting the health check protocol to HTTPS and enabling 'ignore certificate' option.
Why it's wrong here
ALB does not have an option to ignore certificate verification for health checks; it must trust the certificate.
✗
Disable health checks on the ALB and rely on CloudWatch alarms to detect instance failures.
Why it's wrong here
Disabling health checks is not a best practice.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: NAT rules depend on direction and matching traffic

NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.

KKey Concepts to Remember

Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
PAT allows many inside hosts to share one public address using ports.
Inside local and inside global describe the private and translated addresses.
NAT ACLs identify traffic for translation, not always security filtering.

TExam Day Tips

Identify inside and outside interfaces first.
Check whether the scenario needs static NAT, dynamic NAT or PAT.
Do not confuse NAT matching ACLs with normal packet-filtering intent.

Key takeaway

NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A cloud solutions architect for a retail company is evaluating services for a new workload. The correct answer here reflects best practice for the specific scenario described — not a general cloud recommendation. NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated. Cloud exam questions reward reading the constraint carefully: the same technology can be right or wrong depending on the use case.

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related DOP-C02 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this DOP-C02 question test?

Security and Compliance — This question tests Security and Compliance — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: Install a valid certificate from AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) on each EC2 instance and configure the ALB target group to use HTTPS with that certificate. — The ALB health check expects a valid certificate from the target. Self-signed certificates cause health checks to fail unless the ALB is configured to ignore certificate verification. The ALB can be configured to verify or skip verification. To fix, the engineer should either configure the target group to use HTTP for health checks (while using HTTPS for data traffic) or configure the target group to use HTTPS with a certificate that the ALB trusts (e.g., from ACM). The simplest is to use HTTP health checks, but the requirement is to maintain encryption. However, health checks can be over HTTP if the data traffic uses HTTPS. Alternatively, the engineer can install a certificate from ACM on the instances, but that is more complex. The most practical solution is to use HTTP for health checks (which is not encrypted) but the question says maintain encryption. The best answer is to install a trusted certificate (e.g., from ACM) on the instances.

What should I do if I get this DOP-C02 question wrong?

What is the key concept behind this question?

Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.

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