- A
Stream log events to Amazon Kinesis Data Streams and configure a Lambda function to process the stream.
Kinesis Data Streams can receive log events from a subscription filter, and Lambda can process the stream in real time.
- B
Create a CloudWatch Logs subscription filter that delivers log events to a Lambda function.
Subscription filters can send log events in real time to Lambda.
- C
Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that matches on CloudWatch Logs log group events.
Why wrong: EventBridge does not directly subscribe to log streams; it can receive events from CloudWatch via other services, but not real-time log events.
- D
Configure the log group to send log events to an Amazon SQS queue, and have the Lambda function poll the queue.
Why wrong: CloudWatch Logs does not natively send to SQS; also, polling is not real-time.
- E
Publish log events to an Amazon SNS topic and subscribe the Lambda function.
Why wrong: CloudWatch Logs does not directly publish to SNS; a subscription filter is needed, but SNS is not a supported destination for subscription filters.
Quick Answer
The answer is that a CloudWatch Logs subscription filter delivering directly to Lambda, or streaming to Kinesis Data Streams which then triggers Lambda, are the two correct services for real-time monitoring and remediation. This works because CloudWatch Logs can natively stream log events in near real-time via subscription filters to either a Lambda function or a Kinesis stream, which Lambda can then process as a consumer. On the AWS Certified DevOps Engineer Professional DOP-C02 exam, this question tests your understanding of real-time log ingestion pathways versus batch or polling-based services. A common trap is choosing SNS or SQS, but SNS cannot receive log events directly without a subscription filter, and SQS requires Lambda to poll, which is not true real-time streaming. Remember the key distinction: CloudWatch Logs subscription filters are the only native real-time push mechanism, and Kinesis Data Streams is the only streaming service that Lambda can subscribe to for continuous processing. A useful memory tip is "Stream to Lambda or Stream to Kinesis" — both are real-time, while SQS and SNS are not.
DOP-C02 Monitoring and Logging Practice Question
This DOP-C02 practice question tests your understanding of monitoring and logging. The scenario asks you to isolate a root cause — eliminate options that address a different problem before choosing. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company is using Amazon CloudWatch Logs to store application logs. The DevOps team wants to set up real-time monitoring for specific error patterns and trigger remediation actions. Which TWO services can process the log events in real time and invoke an AWS Lambda function for remediation? (Choose two.)
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Stream log events to Amazon Kinesis Data Streams and configure a Lambda function to process the stream.
Option A and Option C are correct. CloudWatch Logs can stream to Lambda via subscription filters (Option A) and also to Kinesis Data Streams which can then be processed by Lambda (Option C). Option B is wrong because EventBridge does not directly subscribe to log streams; it can receive events from other sources but not directly from CloudWatch Logs in real time. Option D (SQS) would require a Lambda to poll, but real-time streaming is not native. Option E (SNS) is for push notifications, but cannot directly receive log events from CloudWatch Logs without a subscription filter.
Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✓
Stream log events to Amazon Kinesis Data Streams and configure a Lambda function to process the stream.
Why this is correct
Kinesis Data Streams can receive log events from a subscription filter, and Lambda can process the stream in real time.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
- ✓
Create a CloudWatch Logs subscription filter that delivers log events to a Lambda function.
Why this is correct
Subscription filters can send log events in real time to Lambda.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
- ✗
Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that matches on CloudWatch Logs log group events.
Why it's wrong here
EventBridge does not directly subscribe to log streams; it can receive events from CloudWatch via other services, but not real-time log events.
- ✗
Configure the log group to send log events to an Amazon SQS queue, and have the Lambda function poll the queue.
Why it's wrong here
CloudWatch Logs does not natively send to SQS; also, polling is not real-time.
- ✗
Publish log events to an Amazon SNS topic and subscribe the Lambda function.
Why it's wrong here
CloudWatch Logs does not directly publish to SNS; a subscription filter is needed, but SNS is not a supported destination for subscription filters.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: NAT rules depend on direction and matching traffic
NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
- PAT allows many inside hosts to share one public address using ports.
- Inside local and inside global describe the private and translated addresses.
- NAT ACLs identify traffic for translation, not always security filtering.
TExam Day Tips
- Identify inside and outside interfaces first.
- Check whether the scenario needs static NAT, dynamic NAT or PAT.
- Do not confuse NAT matching ACLs with normal packet-filtering intent.
Key takeaway
NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A cloud solutions architect for a retail company is evaluating services for a new workload. The correct answer here reflects best practice for the specific scenario described — not a general cloud recommendation. NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated. Cloud exam questions reward reading the constraint carefully: the same technology can be right or wrong depending on the use case.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related DOP-C02 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
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Monitoring and Logging — study guide chapter
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this DOP-C02 question test?
Monitoring and Logging — This question tests Monitoring and Logging — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Stream log events to Amazon Kinesis Data Streams and configure a Lambda function to process the stream. — Option A and Option C are correct. CloudWatch Logs can stream to Lambda via subscription filters (Option A) and also to Kinesis Data Streams which can then be processed by Lambda (Option C). Option B is wrong because EventBridge does not directly subscribe to log streams; it can receive events from other sources but not directly from CloudWatch Logs in real time. Option D (SQS) would require a Lambda to poll, but real-time streaming is not native. Option E (SNS) is for push notifications, but cannot directly receive log events from CloudWatch Logs without a subscription filter.
What should I do if I get this DOP-C02 question wrong?
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related DOP-C02 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
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Last reviewed: Jun 20, 2026
This DOP-C02 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Amazon Web Services certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the DOP-C02 exam.
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