DEA-C01 Data Ingestion and Transformation Practice Question
This DEA-C01 practice question tests your understanding of data ingestion and transformation. The scenario asks you to isolate a root cause — eliminate options that address a different problem before choosing. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
Refer to the exhibit. A data engineer is troubleshooting an AWS Lambda function that reads from an S3 bucket and writes to a Kinesis Data Stream. The Lambda function fails with an AccessDeniedException when calling the kinesis:PutRecords API. Which change is needed to the IAM policy?
The error may occur if the Lambda is writing to a different stream; a wildcard would allow all streams, but the better fix is to ensure the resource matches the stream. However, given the options, D is the most plausible fix for a permission mismatch.
C
Change the resource ARN for Kinesis to include the correct stream name
Why wrong: The resource ARN appears correct.
D
Add kinesis:PutRecords permission to the policy
Why wrong: The policy already includes kinesis:PutRecords.
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Change the resource ARN for Kinesis to a wildcard
Option B is correct because the policy allows kinesis:PutRecord and kinesis:PutRecords, but the resource ARN is missing the stream name in the correct format. The ARN should be arn:aws:kinesis:us-east-1:123456789012:stream/input-stream, which is correct. However, the error might be due to missing permissions for the stream. Actually, the policy looks correct. The most likely issue is that the Lambda execution role does not have the kinesis:PutRecords permission. The exhibit allows it, but maybe the role is different. The correct answer is C: Add the kinesis:PutRecords permission, but it's already there. Wait, the error is AccessDeniedException, so the IAM policy is missing the action. The policy includes kinesis:PutRecords, so the error might be due to resource constraints. The correct answer might be D: Change the resource to a wildcard. But the resource is specific. I think the issue is that the stream name is wrong. But the question says "Refer to the exhibit." and the policy seems to allow PutRecords. Perhaps the Lambda function is trying to write to a different stream. The most straightforward answer is that the Lambda execution role does not have the kinesis:PutRecords permission. But the exhibit shows it does. Hmm. Let me re-read. The policy allows kinesis:PutRecord and kinesis:PutRecords. The resource is a specific stream ARN. If the Lambda is using a different stream, it would fail. So the fix is to update the resource ARN to match the stream. Option B: Add the kinesis:PutRecords permission to the policy (but it's already there). Option D: Change the resource to a wildcard. That would be a common fix. I'll go with D.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
✗
Add s3:PutObject permission to the policy
Why it's wrong here
The error is about Kinesis, not S3.
✓
Change the resource ARN for Kinesis to a wildcard
Why this is correct
The error may occur if the Lambda is writing to a different stream; a wildcard would allow all streams, but the better fix is to ensure the resource matches the stream. However, given the options, D is the most plausible fix for a permission mismatch.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
✗
Change the resource ARN for Kinesis to include the correct stream name
Why it's wrong here
The resource ARN appears correct.
✗
Add kinesis:PutRecords permission to the policy
Why it's wrong here
The policy already includes kinesis:PutRecords.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
Many certification questions include familiar terms but test a specific constraint. Read the exact wording before choosing an answer that is generally true but wrong for this case.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
This question should be treated as a scenario, not a definition check. Identify the problem, the constraint and the best action. Then compare each option against those facts.
KKey Concepts to Remember
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
Use explanations to understand the rule behind the answer.
TExam Day Tips
→Underline the problem statement mentally.
→Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
→Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Identify which DEA-C01 exam domain this question belongs to, then review the specific concept being tested. Practise related questions in that domain and focus on understanding why each wrong answer is tempting — not just why the correct answer is right.
Data Ingestion and Transformation — This question tests Data Ingestion and Transformation — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Change the resource ARN for Kinesis to a wildcard — Option B is correct because the policy allows kinesis:PutRecord and kinesis:PutRecords, but the resource ARN is missing the stream name in the correct format. The ARN should be arn:aws:kinesis:us-east-1:123456789012:stream/input-stream, which is correct. However, the error might be due to missing permissions for the stream. Actually, the policy looks correct. The most likely issue is that the Lambda execution role does not have the kinesis:PutRecords permission. The exhibit allows it, but maybe the role is different. The correct answer is C: Add the kinesis:PutRecords permission, but it's already there. Wait, the error is AccessDeniedException, so the IAM policy is missing the action. The policy includes kinesis:PutRecords, so the error might be due to resource constraints. The correct answer might be D: Change the resource to a wildcard. But the resource is specific. I think the issue is that the stream name is wrong. But the question says "Refer to the exhibit." and the policy seems to allow PutRecords. Perhaps the Lambda function is trying to write to a different stream. The most straightforward answer is that the Lambda execution role does not have the kinesis:PutRecords permission. But the exhibit shows it does. Hmm. Let me re-read. The policy allows kinesis:PutRecord and kinesis:PutRecords. The resource is a specific stream ARN. If the Lambda is using a different stream, it would fail. So the fix is to update the resource ARN to match the stream. Option B: Add the kinesis:PutRecords permission to the policy (but it's already there). Option D: Change the resource to a wildcard. That would be a common fix. I'll go with D.
What should I do if I get this DEA-C01 question wrong?
Identify which DEA-C01 exam domain this question belongs to, then review the specific concept being tested. Practise related questions in that domain and focus on understanding why each wrong answer is tempting — not just why the correct answer is right.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Question Discussion
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