The correct answer is to grant Lake Formation permissions on the tables and attach an IAM policy to the user with an aws:SourceIp condition. This combination works because Lake Formation acts as the fine-grained access control layer for the data lake, governing who can see and query specific tables, while the IAM policy with the aws:SourceIp condition key enforces the network-level restriction, ensuring Athena API calls are only allowed from the corporate IP range (10.0.0.0/8). On the AWS Certified Data Engineer Associate DEA-C01 exam, this scenario tests your understanding of how Lake Formation and IAM policies work together—a common trap is assuming a bucket policy or VPC endpoint alone can restrict Athena queries through Lake Formation, but neither provides the user-level IP filtering required. A helpful memory tip is to think of Lake Formation as the "door guard" for table access and the IAM SourceIp condition as the "bouncer" checking the user’s network address.
DEA-C01 Data Security and Governance Practice Question
This DEA-C01 practice question tests your understanding of data security and governance. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company uses AWS Lake Formation to manage access to data in a data lake. The data engineer needs to grant a user the ability to query tables in the 'sales' database using Amazon Athena, but only when the user's IP address is within the corporate network (10.0.0.0/8). Which combination of actions should the data engineer take?
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Grant Lake Formation permissions on the tables and attach an IAM policy to the user with aws:SourceIp condition
Option D is correct because Lake Formation permissions control access to tables, and an IAM policy with a condition key `aws:SourceIp` can restrict Athena access to the corporate IP range. Option B is missing the IAM policy. Option A is wrong because S3 bucket policies do not restrict Athena queries through Lake Formation. Option C is wrong because VPC endpoints alone do not enforce IP-based restrictions.
Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
✗
Grant Lake Formation permissions on the tables and attach an S3 bucket policy with aws:SourceIp condition
Why it's wrong here
S3 bucket policy does not control Athena queries via Lake Formation.
✓
Grant Lake Formation permissions on the tables and attach an IAM policy to the user with aws:SourceIp condition
Why this is correct
Correct combination.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
✗
Use an S3 VPC endpoint and grant Lake Formation permissions on the tables
Why it's wrong here
VPC endpoint does not restrict IP; it restricts network path.
✗
Grant Lake Formation permissions on the tables and configure a network ACL in the VPC
Why it's wrong here
NACL does not restrict user-specific access.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: NAT rules depend on direction and matching traffic
NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.
KKey Concepts to Remember
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
PAT allows many inside hosts to share one public address using ports.
Inside local and inside global describe the private and translated addresses.
NAT ACLs identify traffic for translation, not always security filtering.
TExam Day Tips
→Identify inside and outside interfaces first.
→Check whether the scenario needs static NAT, dynamic NAT or PAT.
→Do not confuse NAT matching ACLs with normal packet-filtering intent.
Key takeaway
NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related DEA-C01 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
Data Security and Governance — This question tests Data Security and Governance — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Grant Lake Formation permissions on the tables and attach an IAM policy to the user with aws:SourceIp condition — Option D is correct because Lake Formation permissions control access to tables, and an IAM policy with a condition key `aws:SourceIp` can restrict Athena access to the corporate IP range. Option B is missing the IAM policy. Option A is wrong because S3 bucket policies do not restrict Athena queries through Lake Formation. Option C is wrong because VPC endpoints alone do not enforce IP-based restrictions.
What should I do if I get this DEA-C01 question wrong?
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related DEA-C01 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
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Question Discussion
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