- A
Create an LF-tag called 'trainingCompleted' with values 'true' and 'false'. Grant 'SELECT' permission on the LF-tag 'trainingCompleted=true' to the federated users.
This allows users with the tag to access data associated with that tag.
- B
Configure SAML-based federation between the IdP and AWS to pass the training status attribute in the SAML assertion.
This allows Lake Formation to receive the attribute.
- C
Create a column-level filter on the PII columns that limits access based on the user's training attribute.
Why wrong: Column-level filters do not support attributes; they filter by column name.
- D
Create an IAM role for each user and attach a policy that allows 'lakeformation:GetDataAccess' only if the user has the training attribute.
Why wrong: IAM roles cannot be granted LF-tag permissions; Lake Formation manages grants.
- E
Associate the LF-tag 'trainingCompleted=true' with the PII columns in the tables.
This marks the PII columns as accessible only to users with that tag.
Quick Answer
The correct answer is to associate the LF-tag 'trainingCompleted=true' with the PII columns in the tables. This works because Lake Formation attribute-based access control with LF-tags and SAML federation allows you to map an external IdP attribute—like training status—directly to a tag value, decoupling permissions from static IAM roles. By creating an LF-tag 'trainingCompleted' with values 'true' and 'false', then granting SELECT on the 'true' value to the federated users, Lake Formation dynamically evaluates the incoming SAML assertion and permits access only when the attribute matches. On the AWS Certified Data Engineer Associate DEA-C01 exam, this scenario tests your understanding of ABAC over RBAC, a common trap being to mistakenly try to filter at the S3 bucket policy level instead of using tags. Remember the mnemonic: Tag the column, map the IdP attribute, grant on the value—three steps, one clean policy.
DEA-C01 Data Security and Governance Practice Question
This DEA-C01 practice question tests your understanding of data security and governance. Examine the command output carefully: the correct answer depends on what the output actually shows, not on general recall alone. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A data engineer is designing a data lake on Amazon S3 with AWS Lake Formation. The data lake contains personally identifiable information (PII). The company has a policy that only users who have completed data privacy training can access the PII data. The training status is stored in an external identity provider (IdP) as an attribute. The data engineer needs to enforce this policy using Lake Formation. Which THREE steps should the data engineer take? (Choose THREE.)
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Create an LF-tag called 'trainingCompleted' with values 'true' and 'false'. Grant 'SELECT' permission on the LF-tag 'trainingCompleted=true' to the federated users.
Option A is correct because LF-tags allow Lake Formation to manage access based on metadata attributes. By creating an LF-tag 'trainingCompleted' with values 'true' and 'false', and granting SELECT permission on the tag value 'true' to federated users, the data engineer can enforce that only users with the training attribute can access the tagged resources. This approach decouples access control from IAM roles and leverages tag-based authorization, which is the recommended method for attribute-based access control (ABAC) in Lake Formation.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✓
Create an LF-tag called 'trainingCompleted' with values 'true' and 'false'. Grant 'SELECT' permission on the LF-tag 'trainingCompleted=true' to the federated users.
Why this is correct
This allows users with the tag to access data associated with that tag.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- ✓
Configure SAML-based federation between the IdP and AWS to pass the training status attribute in the SAML assertion.
Why this is correct
This allows Lake Formation to receive the attribute.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- ✗
Create a column-level filter on the PII columns that limits access based on the user's training attribute.
Why it's wrong here
Column-level filters do not support attributes; they filter by column name.
- ✗
Create an IAM role for each user and attach a policy that allows 'lakeformation:GetDataAccess' only if the user has the training attribute.
Why it's wrong here
IAM roles cannot be granted LF-tag permissions; Lake Formation manages grants.
- ✓
Associate the LF-tag 'trainingCompleted=true' with the PII columns in the tables.
Why this is correct
This marks the PII columns as accessible only to users with that tag.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
The trap here is that candidates often confuse column-level filters (Option C) with tag-based access control, not realizing that column-level filters cannot dynamically evaluate external IdP attributes, whereas LF-tags with SAML assertions can enforce attribute-based policies.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
Lake Formation integrates with AWS IAM and SAML 2.0 to receive user attributes (e.g., training status) as session tags in the AWS STS token. The LF-tag 'trainingCompleted=true' is then evaluated at query time against the user's session tags; if the user lacks the tag, Lake Formation denies access even if the user has IAM permissions to call the data lake. This ABAC model is more flexible than role-based access control (RBAC) because it scales with user attributes without requiring per-user policy updates.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
- Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
TExam Day Tips
- Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
- Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this DEA-C01 question test?
Data Security and Governance — This question tests Data Security and Governance — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Create an LF-tag called 'trainingCompleted' with values 'true' and 'false'. Grant 'SELECT' permission on the LF-tag 'trainingCompleted=true' to the federated users. — Option A is correct because LF-tags allow Lake Formation to manage access based on metadata attributes. By creating an LF-tag 'trainingCompleted' with values 'true' and 'false', and granting SELECT permission on the tag value 'true' to federated users, the data engineer can enforce that only users with the training attribute can access the tagged resources. This approach decouples access control from IAM roles and leverages tag-based authorization, which is the recommended method for attribute-based access control (ABAC) in Lake Formation.
What should I do if I get this DEA-C01 question wrong?
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Last reviewed: Jun 11, 2026
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