- A
Use S3 Batch Operations to copy all existing objects in place with the 'aws:Replicate' operation to apply default encryption.
Use S3 Batch Operations with the 'Copy' operation to copy objects in place, which applies the bucket's default encryption setting to each object.
- B
Enable S3 Object Ownership and set the bucket ACL to private.
Why wrong: Object Ownership and ACLs do not enforce encryption. They control access permissions, not data encryption.
- C
Enable S3 default encryption on the bucket.
Why wrong: Enabling default encryption only applies to new objects uploaded after the setting is enabled. It does not encrypt existing objects or prevent unencrypted uploads unless combined with a bucket policy.
- D
Create a bucket policy that denies s3:PutObject if the x-amz-server-side-encryption-aws-kms-key-id is not present.
Why wrong: This policy denies PutObject if the KMS key ID is missing, but SSE-S3 uses AES256 (not KMS). The condition should check for the x-amz-server-side-encryption header set to 'AES256'.
- E
Create a bucket policy that denies s3:PutObject if the x-amz-server-side-encryption header is not set to 'AES256'.
A bucket policy that denies s3:PutObject when the x-amz-server-side-encryption header is not set to 'AES256' ensures all new objects are encrypted with SSE-S3, preventing unencrypted uploads.
DEA-C01 Data Security and Governance Practice Question
This DEA-C01 practice question tests your understanding of data security and governance. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A healthcare company stores sensitive patient data in an S3 bucket (bucket name: patient-data-prod). The security team requires that all data be encrypted in transit and at rest, and that access be logged for auditing. The company currently uses S3 default encryption with SSE-S3. An external auditor finds that some objects have been uploaded without encryption because the default encryption setting was not applied to objects uploaded before the setting was enabled. The company wants to prevent any future unencrypted uploads and ensure all existing objects are encrypted. Which combination of actions should the data engineer take? (Choose TWO.)
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Use S3 Batch Operations to copy all existing objects in place with the 'aws:Replicate' operation to apply default encryption.
To prevent future unencrypted uploads, the bucket policy must deny PutObject requests that do not include the x-amz-server-side-encryption header set to 'AES256' (Option E). This ensures all new objects are encrypted with SSE-S3. To encrypt existing objects that were uploaded before default encryption was enabled, S3 Batch Operations can perform a copy in place to apply default encryption (Option A). Option C alone would not apply to existing objects. Option B is unrelated, and Option D references KMS, which is not needed since SSE-S3 uses AES256. Therefore, the correct combination is Options A and E.
Key principle: ACLs process entries top to bottom and stop at the first match. Entry order and interface direction matter as much as the permit or deny statement.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✓
Use S3 Batch Operations to copy all existing objects in place with the 'aws:Replicate' operation to apply default encryption.
Why this is correct
Use S3 Batch Operations with the 'Copy' operation to copy objects in place, which applies the bucket's default encryption setting to each object.
Related concept
Standard ACLs match source addresses.
- ✗
Enable S3 Object Ownership and set the bucket ACL to private.
Why it's wrong here
Object Ownership and ACLs do not enforce encryption. They control access permissions, not data encryption.
- ✗
Enable S3 default encryption on the bucket.
Why it's wrong here
Enabling default encryption only applies to new objects uploaded after the setting is enabled. It does not encrypt existing objects or prevent unencrypted uploads unless combined with a bucket policy.
- ✗
Create a bucket policy that denies s3:PutObject if the x-amz-server-side-encryption-aws-kms-key-id is not present.
Why it's wrong here
This policy denies PutObject if the KMS key ID is missing, but SSE-S3 uses AES256 (not KMS). The condition should check for the x-amz-server-side-encryption header set to 'AES256'.
- ✓
Create a bucket policy that denies s3:PutObject if the x-amz-server-side-encryption header is not set to 'AES256'.
Why this is correct
A bucket policy that denies s3:PutObject when the x-amz-server-side-encryption header is not set to 'AES256' ensures all new objects are encrypted with SSE-S3, preventing unencrypted uploads.
Related concept
Standard ACLs match source addresses.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: ACLs stop at the first match
ACLs are processed top to bottom. The first matching entry wins, and an implicit deny usually exists at the end.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
ACL questions test precision: source, destination, protocol, port and direction. A generally correct ACL can still fail if it is applied on the wrong interface or in the wrong direction.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Standard ACLs match source addresses.
- Extended ACLs can match source, destination, protocol and ports.
- The first matching ACL entry is used.
- There is usually an implicit deny at the end.
TExam Day Tips
- Check inbound versus outbound direction.
- Read the ACL from top to bottom.
- Look for a broader permit or deny above the intended line.
Key takeaway
ACLs process entries top to bottom and stop at the first match. Entry order and interface direction matter as much as the permit or deny statement.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.
Quick reference
AWS S3 Storage Class Comparison
| Storage Class | Min Duration | Retrieval | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|
| S3 Standard | None | Immediate | Frequently accessed data |
| S3 Standard-IA | 30 days | Immediate | Infrequent access, rapid retrieval |
| S3 One Zone-IA | 30 days | Immediate | Non-critical infrequent data |
| S3 Intelligent-Tiering | None | Immediate–hours | Unknown or changing access patterns |
| S3 Glacier Instant | 90 days | Milliseconds | Archive with instant retrieval |
| S3 Glacier Flexible | 90 days | Minutes–hours | Archive, flexible retrieval |
| S3 Glacier Deep Archive | 180 days | Hours | Long-term compliance archive |
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review ACL processing order, placement rules (standard near destination, extended near source), and inbound vs outbound direction. Study wildcard masks and implicit deny. Then practise related DEA-C01 ACL questions on filtering logic and placement.
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this DEA-C01 question test?
Data Security and Governance — This question tests Data Security and Governance — Standard ACLs match source addresses..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Use S3 Batch Operations to copy all existing objects in place with the 'aws:Replicate' operation to apply default encryption. — To prevent future unencrypted uploads, the bucket policy must deny PutObject requests that do not include the x-amz-server-side-encryption header set to 'AES256' (Option E). This ensures all new objects are encrypted with SSE-S3. To encrypt existing objects that were uploaded before default encryption was enabled, S3 Batch Operations can perform a copy in place to apply default encryption (Option A). Option C alone would not apply to existing objects. Option B is unrelated, and Option D references KMS, which is not needed since SSE-S3 uses AES256. Therefore, the correct combination is Options A and E.
What should I do if I get this DEA-C01 question wrong?
Review ACL processing order, placement rules (standard near destination, extended near source), and inbound vs outbound direction. Study wildcard masks and implicit deny. Then practise related DEA-C01 ACL questions on filtering logic and placement.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Standard ACLs match source addresses.
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Last reviewed: Jun 20, 2026
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