- A
Update the policy to allow 'kms:Decrypt' with a resource of 'arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:123456789012:key/*' to cover all keys in the account.
Why wrong: Wildcards in KMS key ARNs are not valid; each key has a unique ARN.
- B
Update the policy to allow 'kms:Decrypt' with a resource of '*' to ensure the job can always decrypt data.
Why wrong: Using '*' is overly permissive and violates least privilege.
- C
Update the policy to allow 'kms:Decrypt' only for the specific KMS key ARN used by the S3 bucket containing the customer data.
This restricts decryption to only the required key.
- D
Remove the 'kms:Decrypt' action from the policy and rely on S3 bucket policies to grant decryption permissions.
Why wrong: The Glue job needs 'kms:Decrypt' permission to read encrypted objects; removing it will cause failures.
DEA-C01 Data Security and Governance Practice Question
This DEA-C01 practice question tests your understanding of data security and governance. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A financial services company uses AWS Glue ETL jobs to process sensitive customer data stored in Amazon S3. The data is encrypted at rest with SSE-KMS using a customer-managed key. Recently, the security team discovered that the Glue job's IAM role has an overly permissive policy that allows the 'kms:Decrypt' action for all KMS keys in the account. The company wants to follow the principle of least privilege. The Glue job runs on a schedule and reads from a specific S3 bucket. The security team needs to update the IAM policy to restrict KMS decryption to only the specific key used for that bucket. What should they do?
Clue words in this question
Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.
Clue:
"least"Why it matters: You want the option with minimum overhead, fewest steps, or lowest impact — not the most feature-rich or comprehensive answer.
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Update the policy to allow 'kms:Decrypt' only for the specific KMS key ARN used by the S3 bucket containing the customer data.
Option B is correct because the IAM policy should grant 'kms:Decrypt' only for the specific KMS key ARN used by the target S3 bucket, following least privilege. Option A is wrong because using '*' for the key is overly permissive. Option C is wrong because using a wildcard in the key ARN (key/*) is not a valid ARN pattern; KMS key ARNs are specific. Option D is wrong because 'kms:Decrypt' is required for the Glue job to access encrypted data; removing it would break the job.
Key principle: Authentication proves identity; authorization controls what that identity can do after login. Both must work for full privileged access.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Update the policy to allow 'kms:Decrypt' with a resource of 'arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:123456789012:key/*' to cover all keys in the account.
Why it's wrong here
Wildcards in KMS key ARNs are not valid; each key has a unique ARN.
- ✗
Update the policy to allow 'kms:Decrypt' with a resource of '*' to ensure the job can always decrypt data.
Why it's wrong here
Using '*' is overly permissive and violates least privilege.
- ✓
Update the policy to allow 'kms:Decrypt' only for the specific KMS key ARN used by the S3 bucket containing the customer data.
Why this is correct
This restricts decryption to only the required key.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "least" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
Authentication checks who the user is.
- ✗
Remove the 'kms:Decrypt' action from the policy and rely on S3 bucket policies to grant decryption permissions.
Why it's wrong here
The Glue job needs 'kms:Decrypt' permission to read encrypted objects; removing it will cause failures.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: authentication is not authorization
Logging in proves the user can authenticate. It does not automatically mean the user is allowed to enter privileged or configuration mode. Watch for AAA authorization, privilege level and command authorization details.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
This kind of question is testing the difference between identity and permission. A user may successfully log in to a router because authentication is working, but still fail to enter configuration mode because authorization is missing, misconfigured or mapped to a lower privilege level.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Authentication checks who the user is.
- Authorization controls what the user is allowed to do after login.
- Privilege levels affect access to EXEC and configuration commands.
- AAA, TACACS+ and RADIUS can separate login success from command access.
TExam Day Tips
- Do not assume successful login means full administrative access.
- Look for words such as cannot enter configuration mode, privilege level, authorization or command access.
- Separate login problems from permission problems before choosing the answer.
Key takeaway
Authentication proves identity; authorization controls what that identity can do after login. Both must work for full privileged access.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review Cisco AAA concepts — authentication, authorization, and accounting. Study privilege levels (0–15), command authorization under TACACS+, and how RADIUS differs. Then practise related DEA-C01 questions on access control and AAA configuration.
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this DEA-C01 question test?
Data Security and Governance — This question tests Data Security and Governance — Authentication checks who the user is..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Update the policy to allow 'kms:Decrypt' only for the specific KMS key ARN used by the S3 bucket containing the customer data. — Option B is correct because the IAM policy should grant 'kms:Decrypt' only for the specific KMS key ARN used by the target S3 bucket, following least privilege. Option A is wrong because using '*' for the key is overly permissive. Option C is wrong because using a wildcard in the key ARN (key/*) is not a valid ARN pattern; KMS key ARNs are specific. Option D is wrong because 'kms:Decrypt' is required for the Glue job to access encrypted data; removing it would break the job.
What should I do if I get this DEA-C01 question wrong?
Review Cisco AAA concepts — authentication, authorization, and accounting. Study privilege levels (0–15), command authorization under TACACS+, and how RADIUS differs. Then practise related DEA-C01 questions on access control and AAA configuration.
Are there clue words in this question I should notice?
Yes — watch for: "least". You want the option with minimum overhead, fewest steps, or lowest impact — not the most feature-rich or comprehensive answer.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Authentication checks who the user is.
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Last reviewed: Jun 20, 2026
This DEA-C01 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Amazon Web Services certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the DEA-C01 exam.
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