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Data Ingestion and TransformationhardMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

DEA-C01 Data Ingestion and Transformation Practice Question

A data engineer is building a streaming pipeline using Amazon Kinesis Data Streams. The data must be enriched with reference data from a DynamoDB table before being written to S3. The engineer wants to minimize latency. Which architecture is BEST?

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

Use Kinesis Data Analytics for Apache Flink to enrich and output to Firehose.

(Kinesis Data Analytics for Apache Flink) is the best choice because it supports low-latency enrichment using external sources like DynamoDB via asynchronous I/O, meeting the requirement to minimize latency. Option A (AWS Glue streaming ETL) is designed for batch-oriented processing and introduces higher latency. Option C (Kinesis Data Firehose with a Lambda function) may experience cold starts and limited concurrency, increasing latency. Option D (Lambda polling the stream) also suffers from cold starts and scalability issues, making it less suitable for low-latency enrichment.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • Use AWS Glue streaming ETL to read from Kinesis, enrich, and write to S3.

    Why it's wrong here

    Glue streaming ETL has higher latency than Flink.

  • Use Kinesis Data Analytics for Apache Flink to enrich and output to Firehose.

    Why this is correct

    Flink provides low-latency streaming enrichment with external sources.

  • Use Kinesis Data Firehose with a Lambda function for enrichment.

    Why it's wrong here

    Firehose's Lambda integration has higher latency due to invocation overhead.

  • Use a Lambda function to poll the stream, enrich, and write to Firehose.

    Why it's wrong here

    Lambda polling can cause latency and scaling issues.

Quick reference

AWS S3 Storage Class Comparison

Storage ClassMin DurationRetrievalUse Case
S3 StandardNoneImmediateFrequently accessed data
S3 Standard-IA30 daysImmediateInfrequent access, rapid retrieval
S3 One Zone-IA30 daysImmediateNon-critical infrequent data
S3 Intelligent-TieringNoneImmediate–hoursUnknown or changing access patterns
S3 Glacier Instant90 daysMillisecondsArchive with instant retrieval
S3 Glacier Flexible90 daysMinutes–hoursArchive, flexible retrieval
S3 Glacier Deep Archive180 daysHoursLong-term compliance archive

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Last reviewed: Jun 20, 2026

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