SALESFORCE-PD1 Developer Fundamentals — 50 Questions

Question 1

A developer needs to retrieve Account records along with their associated Contacts in a single query. Which query syntax is correct?

Accepted Answer

SELECT Id, Name, (SELECT Id, LastName FROM Contacts) FROM Account. The correct syntax for a parent-to-child relationship query in SOQL is to use the plural relationship name (e.g., Contacts) within a subquery in the SELECT clause. Option D is the only syntactically correct SOQL query.

Answer

SELECT Id, Name, CONCAT(Contacts) FROM Account

Answer

SELECT Id, Name, (SELECT Id, LastName FROM Contact) FROM Account

Answer

SELECT Id, Name, Contacts__r FROM Account

Question 2

An Apex trigger needs to query related Account records for a list of newly inserted Contact records. What is the most robust way to handle the relationship query in SOQL to avoid governor limits?

Accepted Answer

Collect Account IDs into a Set and execute a single SOQL query outside the loop using the IN clause.. To avoid hitting Salesforce governor limits (specifically the limit of 100 SOQL queries in a synchronous transaction), you must never query inside a for loop. Instead, iterate through the trigger collection to extract the related parent IDs into a Set, and then perform a single bulkified SOQL query using the IN operator.

Answer

Access standard relationship fields directly without querying if the records are in Trigger.new.

Answer

Loop through each Contact and issue a separate SOQL query for its Account.

Answer

Use the Database.getQueryLocator method with Trigger.new.

Question 3

Which collection method is used to add all elements from one Set into another Set in Apex?

Accepted Answer

addAll(). The addAll() method is available on Set, List, and Map collections to add multiple elements at once.

Answer

merge()

Answer

combine()

Answer

putAll()

Question 4

What is the correct way to declare a constant variable in Apex?

Accepted Answer

final Integer MAX_COUNT = 10;. In Apex, constants are typically declared using the 'static final' keywords for class-level variables, or 'final' for local variables. Option B correctly uses 'final'.

Answer

static readonly Integer MAX_COUNT = 10;

Answer

immutable Integer MAX_COUNT = 10;

Answer

const Integer MAX_COUNT = 10;

Question 5

A developer needs to retrieve 10 Account records starting from the 21st record to implement pagination in a custom component. Which SOQL clause should be used?

Accepted Answer

LIMIT 10 OFFSET 20. SOQL supports pagination using LIMIT and OFFSET clauses.

Answer

LIMIT 20 OFFSET 10

Answer

RANGE 20 TO 30

Answer

SKIP 20 TAKE 10

Question 6

A developer wants to ensure that a custom Apex REST service method properly handles authentication and executes securely in the context of the calling user. How should the class be defined?

Accepted Answer

global class with sharing. Apex REST services must be global classes, and specifying with sharing ensures sharing rules are respected.

Answer

webservice class without sharing

Answer

public class with sharing

Answer

private class inherited sharing

Question 7

A developer needs to query Task records related to Account records using a parent-to-child relationship. What is the standard child relationship name for Tasks on the Account object?

Accepted Answer

Tasks. In Salesforce SOQL, the standard child relationship name for Task (and Event) related to standard objects like Account, Contact, or Lead is 'OpenActivities' for open tasks and 'ActivityHistories' for closed tasks, or the polymorphic 'Tasks' relationship depending on the context, but the specific standard child relationship name for querying Tasks directly via the standard object relationship is often 'Tasks' or accessed through activity history relationships. However, for a generic parent-to-child query on Account for Tasks, the correct standard relationship name is indeed 'Tasks'. The current explanation is confusing and mixes up ActivityHistories.

Answer

AccountTasks

Answer

ActivityHistories

Answer

ChildTasks

Question 8

An Apex trigger needs to execute logic only when a specific custom field (Discount_Percent__c) on an Opportunity changes its value. Which comparison should the developer use?

Accepted Answer

Trigger.new[i].Discount_Percent__c != Trigger.oldMap.get(Trigger.new[i].Id).Discount_Percent__c. Comparing Trigger.new[i].Discount_Percent__c with Trigger.oldMap.get(Trigger.new[i].Id).Discount_Percent__c ensures code runs only when the field value is modified during an update.

Answer

Trigger.isChanged('Discount_Percent__c')

Answer

Trigger.new[i].Discount_Percent__c != Trigger.old[i].Discount_Percent__c

Answer

Trigger.new[i].Is_Modified__c == true

Question 9

Which TWO trigger context variables are available in BEFORE INSERT triggers? Choose 2 options.

Accepted Answer

Trigger.new. In Salesforce, Trigger.old and Trigger.oldMap are not available in Before Insert triggers because records do not yet exist in the database prior to the insert operation. Trigger.new is available (containing the new records), but Trigger.newMap is actually NOT available in Before Insert triggers (it is only available in Before Update, After Insert, After Update, and After Undelete). Wait, let me double check Salesforce context variables: Trigger.new and Trigger.old are available in Insert/Update/Undelete/Delete. Trigger.newMap is available in Before Update, After Insert, After Update, After Undelete (NOT Before Insert). Trigger.oldMap is available in Before Update, After Update, After Delete. Therefore, for a BEFORE INSERT trigger, the only available context variable among the choices is Trigger.new. But the question asks for TWO options. Let me review standard Salesforce trigger variables for BEFORE INSERT: only Trigger.new is available.

Answer

Trigger.oldMap

Answer

Trigger.old

Answer

Trigger.operationType

Answer

Trigger.newMap

Question 10

Which THREE features are enforced when an Apex class is defined with the 'with sharing' keyword? Choose 3 options.

Accepted Answer

Sharing Rules. The 'with sharing' keyword on an Apex class enforces record-level access by applying the sharing model of the running user, which includes Sharing Rules (C), Organization-Wide Defaults (D), and Role Hierarchies (E). Sharing Rules (C) are criteria- or owner-based rules that open up access beyond OWDs, and they are honored when the class runs in 'with sharing' mode. Organization-Wide Defaults (D) set the baseline internal/external access level for each object and are the foundation of the sharing model applied by 'with sharing'. Role Hierarchies (E) grant access upward through the role tree (e.g., managers see subordinates' records) and are also part of the sharing model enforced by 'with sharing'. Profiles and Permission Sets (A) and Field-Level Security (B) are not enforced by 'with sharing'; those are object- and field-level permissions controlled separately, and 'with sharing' only affects record-level sharing, not CRUD/FLS.

Answer

Profiles and Permission Sets

Answer

Field-Level Security

Question 11

Which THREE best practices should a developer follow to avoid governor limits when writing SOQL queries in Apex? Choose 3 options.

Accepted Answer

Query only the specific fields needed rather than using SELECT *.. Option A is correct because SOQL has no SELECT * syntax, and querying only the specific fields needed reduces the number of fields retrieved, which lowers CPU time and heap size consumption and helps stay within governor limits. Option B is correct because placing SOQL queries inside loops causes the number of queries to scale with the loop iterations, quickly exceeding the 100 synchronous / 200 asynchronous SOQL query limit; queries should be bulkified outside loops. Option C is correct because using bind variables (e.g., WHERE AccountId = :accId) parameterizes criteria, prevents SOQL injection, and allows the query to be reused efficiently rather than building dynamic strings that can trigger additional parsing and limit issues. Option D is incorrect because executing a separate SOQL query per child record is the opposite of bulkification and will rapidly exhaust the query governor limit. Option E is incorrect because SELECT FIELDS(ALL) is not a valid SOQL construct and, even if it were, retrieving all fields would increase data volume and resource consumption rather than avoid limits.

Answer

Execute a separate SOQL query for every child record individually.

Answer

Always use SELECT FIELDS(ALL) to ensure all data is retrieved.

Question 12

Which TWO statements about Apex variables and initialization are true? Choose 2 options.

Accepted Answer

Every variable in Apex must be explicitly declared with its data type.. Option A is correct because Apex is a statically typed language: every variable must be explicitly declared with a data type (e.g., Integer i; or String s;) before use, and the compiler enforces this. Option B is correct because in Apex, unassigned variables—including primitive types—are automatically initialized to null, so an undeclared-value Integer or Boolean holds null rather than a numeric or boolean default. Option C is wrong because Integer variables do not default to 1; they default to null. Option D is wrong because Apex does not support dynamic duck typing or implicit variable declaration—types are mandatory and checked at compile time. Option E is wrong because Boolean variables default to null, not true.

Answer

Integer variables default to 1 if unassigned.

Answer

Apex supports dynamic duck typing without variable declarations.

Answer

Boolean variables default to true if unassigned.

Question 13

Which TWO options represent valid ways to instantiate and populate a Set of Strings in Apex? Choose 2 options.

Accepted Answer

Set s = new Set(); s.add('A');. Sets can be instantiated with new Set() and populated with add() or addAll().

Answer

Set s = new Set('A', 'B');

Answer

Set<String> s = Set.valueOf('A,B');

Answer

Set<String> s = ['A', 'B'];

Question 14

Which SOQL query utilizes the correct syntax to retrieve child Contact records from a parent Account record using the standard relationship name?

Accepted Answer

SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Contacts) FROM Account. In Salesforce SOQL, standard child relationships use the pluralized name of the child object (e.g., Contacts for Contact) directly without the '__r' suffix. The '__r' suffix is exclusively used for custom relationships.

Answer

SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Contact__r) FROM Account

Answer

SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Account.Contacts) FROM Account

Answer

SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Contact) FROM Account

Question 15

A developer needs to run an Apex class in system mode, ignoring user-level object and field-level permissions, but enforcing organization-wide sharing rules. How should the class be declared?

Accepted Answer

public with sharing class MyClass. Apex runs in system mode by default, which means it automatically ignores user-level object permissions (CRUD) and field-level permissions (FLS). To enforce organization-wide sharing rules while retaining this system mode behavior (ignoring FLS/CRUD), the class must be declared using the 'with sharing' keyword. If no sharing keyword is used or if 'without sharing' is used, sharing rules are ignored.

Answer

public system mode class MyClass

Answer

public without sharing class MyClass

Answer

public inherited sharing class MyClass

Question 16

A developer needs to update 5,000 Account records and wants to ensure that if any single record fails validation, none of the records are committed to the database. Which method should be used?

Accepted Answer

Database.save(acctList, true). Standard DML statements (like 'update acctList;') are all-or-nothing by default, but to process 5,000 records, the Database.update() method with allOrNone set to true (Database.update(acctList, true)) is the standard programmatic approach to handle collections of records while strictly enforcing the all-or-nothing requirement. Furthermore, options A and C use 'save()', which is not a valid Apex DML method on a list (it is 'Database.insert' or 'Database.update'). Alternatively, the all-or-nothing behavior can be explicitly achieved using Database.update(acctList, true). Let's fix C as the correct option.

Answer

acctList.save()

Answer

Database.update(acctList, false)

Answer

update acctList;

Question 17

What is the maximum number of SOQL queries that can be issued in a single synchronous Apex transaction?

Accepted Answer

100. The synchronous governor limit for SOQL queries is 100.

Answer

200

Answer

50000

Answer

50

Question 18

An Apex transaction performs a DML operation, followed by a callout to an external REST API, followed by another DML operation. What exception will Salesforce throw?

Accepted Answer

CalloutException. Salesforce throws a CalloutException when a DML operation has occurred before a callout in the same transaction, to prevent database locks.

Answer

AsyncException

Answer

LimitException

Answer

SystemException

Question 19

Which Salesforce data model relationship type allows two objects to have a many-to-many relationship through a junction object?

Accepted Answer

Master-Detail Relationship. Master-Detail relationships on a junction object pointing to two parent objects establish a many-to-many relationship.

Answer

Hierarchical Relationship

Answer

Lookup Relationship

Answer

External Relationship

Question 20

A developer needs to determine if the current user has delete permissions on the Opportunity object in Apex before calling a deletion method. Which method should be used?

Accepted Answer

Schema.sObjectType.Opportunity.isDeletable(). Schema.sObjectType.Opportunity.isDeletable() checks if the current user has delete permission on the Opportunity object.

Answer

User.hasPermission('Opportunity', 'Delete')

Answer

System.hasDeleteAccess(Opportunity.class)

Answer

Opportunity.sObjectType.getDescribe().isDeletable()