EX280 Storage And Persistent Volumes Practice Test 2 — 15 Questions

Question 1

An OpenShift cluster uses a CSI driver that supports volume cloning. A user wants to clone an existing PVC named 'data-pvc' into a new PVC named 'clone-pvc'. How should the dataSource be specified?

Accepted Answer

dataSource: { apiGroup: "", kind: "PersistentVolumeClaim", name: "data-pvc" }. To clone a PVC, the dataSource in the new PVC must reference the existing PVC name and kind 'PersistentVolumeClaim'.

Answer

dataSource: { apiGroup: "snapshot.storage.k8s.io", kind: "VolumeSnapshot", name: "data-pvc" }

Answer

spec.cloneSource: "data-pvc"

Answer

spec.volumeName: "data-pvc"

Question 2

A developer deploys a pod with an emptyDir volume. The application running inside writes temporary files. What happens to these files when the container crashes and restarts within the same pod?

Accepted Answer

The files are preserved because emptyDir lifetime is tied to the pod, not individual containers.. An emptyDir volume survives container crashes and restarts; it is only deleted when the pod itself is removed from the node.

Answer

The files are backed up to the cluster control plane automatically.

Answer

The files are deleted immediately because the container filesystem is ephemeral.

Answer

The volume is unmounted and reattached via the CSI driver.

Question 3

An administrator needs to set a default StorageClass for the entire OpenShift cluster so that PVCs without a storageClassName specified automatically use it. How is this configured?

Accepted Answer

By adding the annotation storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class: "true" to the StorageClass object.. Annotating a StorageClass with 'storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class: "true"' makes it the default storage class.

Answer

By modifying the kube-controller-manager operator configuration.

Answer

By naming the StorageClass 'default-sc' exactly.

Answer

By setting defaultStorageClass: true in the cluster-config ConfigMap.

Question 4

Which access mode specifies that a volume can be mounted as read-write by a single node?

Accepted Answer

ReadWriteOnce. ReadWriteOnce (RWO) allows a volume to be mounted as read-write by a single node.

Answer

WriteOnceMany

Answer

ReadOnlyMany

Answer

ReadWriteMany

Question 5

Which command allows an administrator to view details, including events and current binding status, of a specific PersistentVolume named 'pv-data01'?

Accepted Answer

oc describe pv pv-data01. The 'oc describe pv pv-data01' command displays detailed information and recent events for the PersistentVolume.

Answer

oc status pv-data01

Answer

oc get pv pv-data01 -o yaml

Answer

oc logs pv/pv-data01

Question 6

What is the primary function of a CSI (Container Storage Interface) Driver Operator in OpenShift?

Accepted Answer

To deploy, upgrade, and manage the CSI driver components (controller and node plugins) in the cluster.. CSI Driver Operators manage the lifecycle of CSI plugins, deploying controller and node plugin pods that enable communication between OpenShift and storage backends.

Answer

To automatically back up etcd data onto persistent volumes.

Answer

To act as an NFS server running directly on control plane nodes.

Answer

To convert emptyDir volumes into encrypted block devices.

Question 7

An administrator is configuring ephemeral storage limits for containers in a namespace. Where must these limits be defined to enforce maximum local scratch space usage per container?

Accepted Answer

LimitRange. Local ephemeral storage requests and limits can be enforced across a namespace using a LimitRange object.

Answer

ResourceQuota

Answer

StorageClass

Answer

PersistentVolumeClaim

Question 8

A cluster administrator needs to prevent users from accidentally deleting a VolumeSnapshot while associated PVC restores or clones depend on it. What protection mechanism is active by default in OpenShift?

Accepted Answer

VolumeSnapshot Content Protection finalizers. Kubernetes and OpenShift incorporate finalizers on VolumeSnapshot objects to prevent deletion while downstream references or dependent objects exist.

Answer

OCP Storage Mutating Webhooks

Answer

etcd Object Lock

Answer

StorageClass Retain Policy

Question 9

An administrator expands a PVC from 10Gi to 50Gi. The underlying cloud storage volume is successfully resized, but inside the running pod, 'df -h' still reports the size as 10Gi. What is the most likely reason?

Accepted Answer

The file system on the volume has not been expanded to occupy the new block storage capacity.. File system expansion (resizing the file system inside the block device to match the new volume size) requires either a CSI driver that supports automatic file system expansion or manual intervention.

Answer

The pod must be restarted to flush the Linux page cache.

Answer

The StorageClass lacks the allowVolumeExpansion parameter.

Answer

PVC expansion is strictly read-only after creation and cannot be updated at the filesystem level.

Question 10

You are examining a PersistentVolume in OpenShift and notice its status is Released. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The PVC associated with the PV has been deleted, but the volume has not yet been reclaimed.. The Released status means the PVC that was bound to the PV has been deleted, but the volume has not yet been reclaimed according to its reclaim policy.

Answer

The PV is currently bound to an active PVC and is in use by a running pod.

Answer

The PV has failed its health check and has been quarantined by the CSI driver.

Answer

The PV is available for binding by any new incoming PVC request.

Question 11

Which field in a PersistentVolumeClaim specifies the minimum amount of storage space required by the workload?

Accepted Answer

spec.resources.requests.storage. Storage requests are defined under spec.resources.requests.storage in a PVC.

Answer

spec.storageSize

Answer

spec.capacity.storage

Answer

spec.volumeSize

Question 12

An administrator creates a StorageClass with volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer. A user creates a PVC using this StorageClass. What will be the initial phase of the PVC?

Accepted Answer

Pending. When using WaitForFirstConsumer, a newly created PVC remains in the Pending state until a pod referencing it is created and scheduled.

Answer

Provisioning

Answer

Bound

Answer

Available

Question 13

Which OpenShift CLI command is used to display all PersistentVolumeClaims in the current project along with their bound PersistentVolumes and storage classes?

Accepted Answer

oc get pvc. The 'oc get pvc' command lists all PVCs in the current namespace along with status, volume, and storage class details.

Answer

oc get pv

Answer

oc get sc

Answer

oc describe volume

Question 14

What happens to a PersistentVolume configured with reclaimPolicy: Delete when its corresponding PersistentVolumeClaim is deleted?

Accepted Answer

The underlying storage asset is automatically deleted from the storage backend.. When reclaimPolicy is Delete, deleting the PVC triggers the deletion of the underlying storage asset on the storage backend via the CSI driver.

Answer

The PV object is deleted, but the underlying storage asset remains intact on the storage backend.

Answer

The PV is automatically archived into an object storage bucket.

Answer

The PV status changes to Released and waits for administrator intervention.

Question 15

An administrator configures a Pod with a volume type of hostPath. What is a key security risk or operational limitation of using hostPath in a production multi-tenant OpenShift cluster?

Accepted Answer

Pods using hostPath can access node filesystems, breaking container isolation and posing security risks.. hostPath mounts node filesystem paths directly into containers, which can allow containerized workloads to read/write sensitive host files or compromise node security.

Answer

hostPath volumes automatically expire and delete data after 24 hours.

Answer

hostPath requires an external CSI driver to be installed.

Answer

hostPath is incompatible with Linux nodes and only works on Windows worker nodes.