XK0-006 Automation, Orchestration, and Scripting Practice Test 6 — 15 Questions

Question 1

A Linux administrator needs to write a Bash script that runs a series of commands and stops immediately if any command fails. Which directive should be included at the beginning of the script?

Accepted Answer

set -e. The 'set -e' directive causes the script to exit immediately if any command returns a non-zero exit status, which is useful for error handling.

Answer

#!/bin/bash

Answer

trap ... ERR

Answer

set -x

Question 2

A DevOps engineer is writing a Dockerfile for a Python web application. The base image is python:3.9-slim. The application code is in the current directory, and the container should expose port 8080. Which Dockerfile instructions correctly build the image and run the application using python app.py?

Accepted Answer

FROM python:3.9-slim
COPY . /app
WORKDIR /app
EXPOSE 8080
CMD ['python', 'app.py']. It uses the exec form of CMD (CMD ['python', 'app.py']), which directly executes the command without a shell, providing proper signal handling and is the recommended format. Option A uses shell form (CMD python app.py), which runs the command as a subprocess of /bin/sh and may not handle signals correctly, making it less ideal. Additionally, the Dockerfile must include WORKDIR to set the working directory and COPY to add code; all options have these but only B uses the correct CMD syntax.

Answer

FROM python:3.9-slim
COPY . /app
WORKDIR /app
EXPOSE 8080
CMD python app.py

Answer

FROM python:3.9-slim
COPY . /app
EXPOSE 8080
ENTRYPOINT python app.py

Answer

FROM python:3.9-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY . .
EXPOSE 8080
RUN python app.py

Question 3

A system administrator is creating an Ansible playbook to deploy a web server on a group of hosts. The playbook needs to install the nginx package, start the service, and ensure it is enabled on boot. Which playbook structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

---
- hosts: webservers
  tasks:
    - name: Install nginx
      apt:
        name: nginx
        state: present
    - name: Start and enable nginx
      service:
        name: nginx
        state: started
        enabled: yes. It uses the 'service' module, which abstracts away the underlying init system and works on both SysV init and systemd systems, making it the recommended cross-platform choice. Option B is incorrect because the 'systemd' module is specific to systemd-managed services; while it works on many modern Linux distributions, it may not be available on older systems, and the 'service' module is preferred for portability. Options C and D are incorrect: C uses raw 'command' and 'command' to run shell commands, bypassing Ansible's idempotency and module benefits; D uses 'yum' instead of 'apt', which is inconsistent with the Debian/Ubuntu context implied by the 'apt' module in the correct option.

Answer

---
- hosts: webservers
  tasks:
    - name: Install nginx
      apt:
        name: nginx
        state: present
    - name: Start and enable nginx
      systemd:
        name: nginx
        state: started
        enabled: yes

Answer

---
- hosts: webservers
  tasks:
    - name: Install nginx
      command: apt install -y nginx
    - name: Start nginx
      command: systemctl start nginx

Answer

---
- hosts: webservers
  tasks:
    - name: Install nginx
      yum:
        name: nginx
        state: present
    - name: Start and enable nginx
      service:
        name: nginx
        state: started
        enabled: yes

Question 4

A Bash script contains the following code: if [[ $# -eq 0 ]]; then echo 'No arguments'; fi. What does this code check?

Accepted Answer

Whether the script was called with no arguments. The $# variable holds the number of positional parameters passed to the script. The condition checks if it equals 0, meaning no arguments were provided.

Answer

Whether the first argument is empty

Answer

Whether the script has any syntax errors

Answer

Whether the script is running as root

Question 5

A developer wants to run a containerized application using Podman in a rootless environment. Which of the following is a key difference between Podman and Docker that the developer should be aware of?

Accepted Answer

Podman can run containers without a daemon. Podman supports rootless containers natively without requiring a daemon, unlike Docker which traditionally requires a daemon (dockerd) running as root.

Answer

Podman requires a daemon to manage containers

Answer

Podman only supports rootful containers

Answer

Podman uses a different CLI syntax than Docker

Question 6

A Kubernetes administrator needs to expose a deployment named 'web-app' running on port 80 internally within the cluster. Which kubectl command creates a service of type ClusterIP that maps port 80 to the target port 8080 on the pods?

Accepted Answer

kubectl expose deployment web-app --port=80 --target-port=8080. To create a ClusterIP service, use 'kubectl expose deployment web-app --port=80 --target-port=8080'. The --type=ClusterIP is default.

Answer

kubectl create service nodeport web-app --tcp=80:8080

Answer

kubectl expose pod web-app --port=80 --target-port=8080

Answer

kubectl create service clusterip web-app --tcp=80:8080

Question 7

In a Bash script, a variable is assigned the output of a command using: result=$(ls -l). What is the purpose of the $() syntax?

Accepted Answer

It runs the command and assigns its output to the variable. The $() syntax is command substitution, which captures the output of a command and stores it in a variable.

Answer

It expands the variable result

Answer

It checks if the command exists

Answer

It runs the command in a subshell and discards output

Question 8

A Docker container needs persistent storage that survives container restarts. Which of the following is the recommended method to achieve this?

Accepted Answer

Use a Docker volume. Docker volumes are managed by Docker and are the recommended way to persist data, as they are independent of container lifecycle.

Answer

Store data inside the container filesystem

Answer

Use a bind mount only for configuration files

Answer

Set the container to always restart

Question 9

An Ansible playbook includes a handler that restarts a service when a configuration file is changed. Which directive in a task triggers the handler?

Accepted Answer

notify:. The 'notify' directive is used to call a handler when a task makes a change (i.e., when the task's state is changed).

Answer

register:

Answer

when:

Answer

handlers:

Question 10

A Bash script uses getopts to parse command-line options. The options are -a (requires an argument) and -b (flag). Which code correctly implements this and stores the argument for -a in $optarg?

Accepted Answer

while getopts 'a:b' opt; do
  case $opt in
    a) arg=$OPTARG ;;
    b) flag=true ;;
  esac
done. getopts uses the option string 'a:b' where 'a:' indicates -a requires an argument. The argument is stored in the variable $OPTARG (not $optarg).

Answer

while getopts 'ab:' opt; do
  case $opt in
    a) arg=$OPTARG ;;
    b) flag=true ;;
  esac
done

Answer

while getopts 'a:b' opt; do
  case $opt in
    a) arg=$optarg ;;
    b) flag=true ;;
  esac
done

Answer

while getopts ':a:b' opt; do
  case $opt in
    a) arg=$OPTARG ;;
    b) flag=true ;;
  esac
done

Question 11

A developer wants to view the logs from a running Docker container named 'myapp'. Which docker command should be used?

Accepted Answer

docker logs myapp. The 'docker logs' command fetches the logs of a container.

Answer

docker ps myapp

Answer

docker exec myapp logs

Answer

docker inspect myapp

Question 12

In a Bash script, the following array is defined: fruits=('apple' 'banana' 'cherry'). Which syntax correctly iterates over all elements of the array?

Accepted Answer

for fruit in "${fruits[@]}"; do echo $fruit; done. To iterate over all elements of an array, use for fruit in "${fruits[@]}"; do ... done. The [@] syntax expands to all elements.

Answer

for fruit in "${fruits[*]}"; do echo $fruit; done

Answer

for fruit in ${fruits[@]}; do echo $fruit; done

Answer

for fruit in ${fruits}; do echo $fruit; done

Question 13

A cloud engineer is using Ansible to manage configuration across multiple servers. The engineer needs to store variable data that is specific to each host and sensitive database passwords. Which two Ansible features should be used for these purposes? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

Ansible Vault. host_vars are used for host-specific variables, and Ansible Vault encrypts sensitive data like passwords.

Answer

group_vars

Answer

ansible_facts

Answer

roles

Question 14

A Kubernetes administrator is creating a YAML manifest for a Deployment. Which three fields are required in a valid Deployment specification? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

apiVersion. A valid Kubernetes Deployment manifest actually requires four top-level fields: apiVersion, kind, metadata, and spec. The current explanation incorrectly states that only three fields are required and that metadata is not one of them. The correct required fields are all of A, B, C, and E.

Answer

status

Question 15

A system administrator is writing a Bash script that must check if a file exists and is readable. Which two test expressions can be used to achieve this? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

-e /path/to/file. The -e test checks if a file exists, and -r checks if it is readable. The -f test checks if it is a regular file, which also implies existence but not necessarily readable. The question asks for existence and readability, so -e and -r are correct.

Answer

-s /path/to/file

Answer

-x /path/to/file

Answer

-f /path/to/file