XK0-006 Automation, Orchestration, and Scripting — 20 Questions

Question 1

An administrator is troubleshooting a Kubernetes deployment that is not receiving traffic. The deployment has one replica and the pod is running. The service is of type ClusterIP. Which command would help verify that the service endpoints are correctly associated with the pod?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

kubectl get endpoints. The correct command is 'kubectl get endpoints' (option D). This command displays the endpoints object, which lists the IP addresses of the pods that match the service's selector and are ready to receive traffic. If the endpoints are correctly associated, you will see the pod's IP address listed. Other commands show pod or service details but do not directly verify the endpoint mapping.

Answer

kubectl describe pod

Answer

kubectl get pods -o wide

Answer

kubectl get svc

Question 2

An administrator is creating an Ansible playbook to configure multiple web servers. Which of the following are valid ways to define variables for different groups of hosts? (Choose TWO.)

Accepted Answer

In a group_vars directory. In Ansible, variables can be defined per group using several methods. The group_vars directory (A) and host_vars directory (C) are standard ways to define variables for groups and hosts respectively, both applicable to groups. Additionally, in the inventory file, you can define group variables using the :vars suffix (e.g., [webservers:vars]) (B). These are all valid methods for defining variables that apply to groups. Since the question asks to choose two, any two of A, B, or C are correct.

Answer

In a host_vars directory [wrong]

Answer

In the playbook itself using vars_files

Answer

In the roles directory

Question 3

A Bash script uses getopts to parse command-line options. The script is invoked as: ./script -a -b value. Which getopts string should be used to correctly parse -a (no argument) and -b (requires an argument)?

Accepted Answer

"ab:". In getopts, a colon after an option letter indicates that option requires an argument. Therefore, 'ab:' correctly specifies that -a takes no argument and -b requires an argument. Option A is the correct string for parsing ./script -a -b value. Option D 'a:b' would incorrectly require -a to have an argument and -b none. Option B and C are incomplete or incorrect for this scenario.

Answer

":ab"

Answer

"ab"

Answer

"a:b"

Question 4

A Linux administrator wants to ensure a bash script stops execution immediately if any command fails. Which line should be added to the script?

Accepted Answer

set -e. The 'set -e' command causes the script to exit immediately when a command returns a non-zero exit status.

Answer

set -x

Answer

set -u

Answer

set -o pipefail

Question 5

A developer is writing a Dockerfile. The application requires a configuration file that should be copied from the build context and the container should expose port 8080. Which combination of Dockerfile instructions is correct?

Accepted Answer

COPY config.txt /app/ and EXPOSE 8080. COPY adds files from the build context, and EXPOSE documents the port. Other instructions serve different purposes.

Answer

ADD config.txt /app/ and WORKDIR 8080

Answer

ADD config.txt /app/ and RUN expose 8080

Answer

COPY config.txt /app/ and CMD 8080

Question 6

An administrator is writing a bash script that loops through all .log files in /var/log and prints the file name if the file is larger than 100 kilobytes. Which loop correctly implements this?

Accepted Answer

find /var/log -name '*.log' -size +100k -exec echo {} \;. The find command with -size filters files larger than 100k, and -exec with {} runs the command for each file. The other options have syntax errors or incorrect logic.

Answer

ls -l /var/log/*.log | awk '$5>100 {print $NF}'

Answer

for f in /var/log/*.log; do if [ -s $f -a $(stat -c%s $f) -gt 100 ]; then echo $f; fi; done

Answer

for f in /var/log/*.log; do if [ $f -gt 100k ]; then echo $f; fi; done

Question 7

A team uses Ansible for configuration management. They want to ensure a service is running on all managed nodes. Which Ansible module should be used in the playbook?

Accepted Answer

service. The service module manages services (start, stop, restart, etc.). The other modules are for different purposes.

Answer

systemd

Answer

command

Answer

shell

Question 8

A Docker container is running in the background. Which command allows the administrator to execute an interactive bash shell inside the running container named 'webapp'?

Accepted Answer

docker exec -it webapp bash. docker exec -it runs an interactive command in a running container. The other commands are for different purposes.

Answer

docker start -i webapp

Answer

docker run -it webapp bash

Answer

docker attach webapp

Question 9

In a bash script, a developer needs to parse command-line options such as -f filename and -v (verbose). Which built-in command is best suited for this task?

Accepted Answer

getopts. getopts is a bash built-in for parsing command-line options. It handles short options and requires option arguments.

Answer

getopt

Answer

case

Answer

shift

Question 10

A DevOps engineer wants to run a Docker container with a bind mount to make a host directory /data available at /mnt/data inside the container. Which command is correct?

Accepted Answer

docker run --mount type=bind,source=/data,target=/mnt/data ubuntu. The `--mount` flag with `type=bind` explicitly creates a bind mount, mapping the host directory `/data` to the container path `/mnt/data`. This syntax is more explicit and less error-prone than the older `-v` flag, especially when dealing with bind mounts on directories that do not exist yet or when additional mount options are needed.

Answer

docker run -v /data:/mnt/data:bind ubuntu

Answer

docker run -v /data:/mnt/data ubuntu

Answer

docker run --mount type=volume,source=/data,target=/mnt/data ubuntu

Question 11

In bash, what is the difference between single quotes and double quotes?

Accepted Answer

Single quotes prevent variable expansion, double quotes allow it.. Single quotes preserve the literal value of each character, while double quotes allow variable expansion and command substitution.

Answer

Both allow variable expansion, but double quotes also allow globbing.

Answer

Single quotes allow variable expansion, double quotes do not.

Answer

There is no difference; they are interchangeable.

Question 12

An administrator needs to create a Docker image from a Dockerfile located in the current directory and tag it as 'myapp:v1'. Which command should be used?

Accepted Answer

docker build -t myapp:v1 .. docker build with -t tag creates the image. The period indicates the build context.

Answer

docker create -t myapp:v1 .

Answer

docker commit myapp:v1 .

Answer

docker image create myapp:v1 .

Question 13

In a bash script, a variable is set as follows: myvar='Hello World'. Which of the following correctly prints the first 5 characters of the variable?

Accepted Answer

echo ${myvar:0:5}. Parameter expansion ${myvar:0:5} extracts a substring starting at position 0 of length 5. The other options are incorrect syntax.

Answer

echo ${myvar#?????}

Answer

echo ${myvar:0-5}

Answer

echo ${myvar:5}

Question 14

A Podman user wants to run a container that automatically removes itself after it stops, runs in detached mode, and maps host port 80 to container port 8080. Which command is correct?

Accepted Answer

podman run --rm -d -p 80:8080 nginx. The correct command is podman run --rm -d -p 80:8080 nginx. Option B correctly uses --rm to automatically remove the container after it stops, -d for detached mode, and -p 80:8080 to map host port 80 to container port 8080. Option A uses an invalid flag -rm and maps ports incorrectly (8080:80). Option C uses an invalid flag --remove. Option D maps ports incorrectly (8080:80).

Answer

podman run -rm -d -p 8080:80 nginx

Answer

podman run --remove -d -p 80:8080 nginx

Answer

podman run --rm -d -p 8080:80 nginx

Question 15

A system administrator is writing a bash script that must check if a file exists and is readable before processing. Which TWO test expressions can be used in an if statement? (Select TWO.)

Accepted Answer

[ -e /path/to/file ]. The -e test checks existence, and -r checks readability. Other options are for different attributes.

Answer

[ -f /path/to/file ]

Answer

[ -x /path/to/file ]

Answer

[ -s /path/to/file ]

Question 16

A Kubernetes administrator is creating a deployment YAML manifest. Which THREE fields are required in a Deployment spec? (Select THREE.)

Accepted Answer

apiVersion. In a Kubernetes Deployment manifest, the three required top-level fields for object identification are apiVersion, kind, and metadata. While spec is also mandatory for a Deployment, the question asks for three required fields and the standard required set is apiVersion, kind, and metadata.

Answer

replicas

Answer

spec

Question 17

An Ansible playbook is being written to manage web servers. Which TWO modules can be used to ensure a package is installed? (Select TWO.)

Accepted Answer

apt. The apt module is for Debian-based systems, and yum is for Red Hat-based systems. Both manage packages.

Answer

copy

Answer

service

Answer

template

Question 18

A Linux administrator writes a Bash script and includes the line `#!/bin/bash` at the top. What is the purpose of this line?

Accepted Answer

It specifies the interpreter to execute the script.. The shebang line tells the system which interpreter to use to execute the script. In this case, it specifies the Bash shell.

Answer

It sets the script to run in the background.

Answer

It enables debugging mode.

Answer

It defines a variable for the script.

Question 19

A developer is writing a Bash script that needs to test whether a file exists and is readable. Which of the following conditionals correctly performs this check?

Accepted Answer

if [[ -f $file && -r $file ]]; then. The -f test checks for a regular file, and -r checks if it is readable. Both must be true, so they are combined with &&.

Answer

if test -f $file || test -r $file; then

Answer

if [ -f $file -a -r $file ]; then

Answer

if [ -f $file -o -r $file ]; then

Question 20

A Linux administrator is troubleshooting a Bash script that unexpectedly terminates when a command fails. The script uses `#!/bin/bash`. Which of the following commands, if placed at the beginning of the script, would cause it to exit on any command failure?

Accepted Answer

set -e. The `set -e` option makes the shell exit immediately if a command exits with a non-zero status.

Answer

set -u

Answer

trap 'exit 1' ERR

Answer

set -o pipefail