CCOA Cybersecurity Principles And Risk — Timed 15 Questions

Question 1

A company requires that two employees must approve any financial transaction over $10,000. This is an example of which security control concept?

Accepted Answer

Dual Control. Separation of Duties (SoD) prevents fraud by requiring multiple people to complete a sensitive task.

Answer

Job Rotation

Answer

Mandatory Access Control

Answer

Least Privilege

Question 2

An organization is updating its BCP plan. Which step in the risk assessment process should occur immediately after identifying the critical assets?

Accepted Answer

Threat identification. After identifying assets, the next logical step is to identify the threats that could impact those specific assets.

Answer

Vulnerability assessment

Answer

Acceptable risk levels

Answer

Risk mitigation strategy

Question 3

During a risk assessment using ISO 27001, you identify an unpatched vulnerability in an edge router. Management refuses to apply the patch due to legacy software dependencies. Which risk treatment option are they exercising?

Accepted Answer

Risk acceptance. Risk acceptance is the decision to accept the risk because the cost of mitigation outweighs the potential impact or because business requirements forbid the change.

Answer

Risk avoidance

Answer

Risk mitigation

Answer

Risk transfer

Question 4

You are performing STRIDE threat modeling on a new web application. A developer asks how to mitigate a 'Tampering' threat identified during the design phase. Which control is most effective?

Accepted Answer

Implement cryptographic hashing/digital signatures. Tampering threats involve unauthorized modification of data. Digital signatures and integrity checks ensure that data has not been altered.

Answer

Implement TLS encryption

Answer

Implement logging and auditing

Answer

Implement Role-Based Access Control

Question 5

You are tasked with ensuring the 'Confidentiality' of sensitive data in transit. Which mechanism best satisfies this security principle?

Accepted Answer

AES-256 Encryption. Confidentiality ensures that only authorized parties can access data, which is achieved through encryption.

Answer

Two-Factor Authentication

Answer

Hashing Algorithms

Answer

Digital Signatures

Question 6

You are reviewing a cloud architecture against the NIST 800-53 control catalog. Which control family would you reference for incidents involving unauthorized data exfiltration?

Accepted Answer

Incident Response (IR). Incident Response (IR) is the specific NIST 800-53 family governing the response to security incidents.

Answer

Access Control (AC)

Answer

Configuration Management (CM)

Answer

Risk Assessment (RA)

Question 7

An analyst is assessing the 'Availability' of a database. Which scenario represents a threat to availability?

Accepted Answer

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack. Availability ensures systems are up. A Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack explicitly targets uptime.

Answer

Packet sniffing on the wire

Answer

Replay attack

Answer

Unauthorized data modification

Question 8

A security analyst is mapping organizational assets to the NIST Cybersecurity Framework. Which category is specifically responsible for maintaining the resilience of critical infrastructure?

Accepted Answer

Recover. The NIST CSF Core consists of five functions: Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond, and Recover. Recover is the function focused on resilience and restoring capabilities.

Answer

Detect

Answer

Protect

Answer

Identify

Question 9

Which document outlines the formal commitment of top management to support information security objectives?

Accepted Answer

Information Security Policy (ISP). The Information Security Policy (ISP) is the foundational document signed by management showing their commitment and authority.

Answer

System Security Plan (SSP)

Answer

Business Impact Analysis (BIA)

Answer

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)

Question 10

What is the primary objective of a 'Business Impact Analysis' (BIA)?

Accepted Answer

To determine the criticality of business processes. The BIA identifies the potential consequences of disruption to business functions and processes.

Answer

To identify all system vulnerabilities

Answer

To test incident response playbooks

Answer

To create a list of software patches

Question 11

In a FAIR (Factor Analysis of Information Risk) model, what is the 'Loss Event Frequency' composed of?

Accepted Answer

Threat Event Frequency and Vulnerability. FAIR defines Loss Event Frequency as the combination of Threat Event Frequency and Vulnerability (the probability that a threat event results in a loss).

Answer

Inherent risk and residual risk

Answer

Threat capability and control strength

Answer

Asset value and threat actor motivation

Question 12

When designing a defense-in-depth strategy, which layer should be addressed first as the primary boundary between internal and external networks?

Accepted Answer

Perimeter network (DMZ). The perimeter network (DMZ) is the first line of defense that separates the internal network from untrusted public networks.

Answer

Data encryption

Answer

Host-based security

Answer

Application layer

Question 13

Which role is primarily responsible for classifying data based on its value and sensitivity to the organization?

Accepted Answer

Data Owner. The Data Owner is the individual responsible for determining the classification and appropriate protection levels for data.

Answer

Chief Information Officer

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Data Custodian

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Auditor

Answer

Security Administrator

Question 14

An analyst is setting up a new firewall. The policy dictates that all traffic is blocked unless explicitly permitted. What principle is being followed?

Accepted Answer

Default Deny. Default Deny (or Least Privilege) ensures that traffic not specifically allowed is prohibited by default.

Answer

Least Privilege

Answer

Separation of Duties

Answer

Defense-in-depth

Question 15

You are implementing ISO 27001 Annex A controls. Which control category would contain requirements for physical access to the server room?

Accepted Answer

Physical and Environmental Security. Physical and Environmental Security is the domain within ISO 27001 that covers physical site security.

Answer

Human Resource Security

Answer

Operations Security

Answer

Access Control