Google ACE Practice Test 5 — 10 Questions

Question 1

An internal web application running on GKE must be accessible only to employees who are authenticated with the company's Google Workspace account — without exposing it to the internet or using a VPN. Which GCP service provides identity-based access without a VPN?

Accepted Answer

Cloud Identity-Aware Proxy (IAP) configured on the load balancer in front of the GKE service. Cloud Identity-Aware Proxy (IAP) is the correct choice because it enforces identity-based access control at the application layer, verifying that users are authenticated via Google Workspace before allowing traffic to reach the GKE service through an HTTPS load balancer. This eliminates the need for a VPN or public internet exposure by leveraging Google's global infrastructure to authenticate and authorize each request based on the user's identity and context.

Answer

VPC Service Controls creating a perimeter around the GKE cluster

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Firebase Authentication SDK integrated into the web application frontend

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Cloud Armor with a Google Workspace IP allowlist

Question 2

A security team needs an inventory of all Compute Engine VM instances across all projects in their GCP organization, including instance names, zones, and status, without logging into each project individually. Which service provides this?

Accepted Answer

Cloud Asset Inventory with an organization-scoped asset search. Cloud Asset Inventory provides a unified, organization-scoped view of all resources across projects, including Compute Engine VM instances. By using an organization-scoped asset search, the security team can query for all VM instances (e.g., `asset_type = "compute.googleapis.com/Instance"`) without needing to log into each project individually. This service is purpose-built for cross-project resource discovery and inventory management.

Answer

Cloud Monitoring — use the metric explorer to list all VM instances

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Cloud Resource Manager — list all projects and then query each for VMs

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BigQuery information_schema views for GCP compute resources

Question 3

A Compute Engine VM with only a private IP address needs to download software updates from the internet (apt-get update). What must be configured in the VPC to enable outbound internet access for private VMs?

Accepted Answer

Configure Cloud NAT on the VPC's Cloud Router for the subnet. Cloud NAT (Network Address Translation) allows private VMs without external IP addresses to initiate outbound connections to the internet. It translates the VM's private IP to a public IP managed by Cloud NAT, enabling apt-get update to reach external repositories. This is the correct and scalable solution for outbound-only internet access from private instances.

Answer

Enable Private Google Access on the subnet

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Add an external IP address to the VM temporarily for the update, then remove it

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Create a VPC firewall rule allowing egress to 0.0.0.0/0 on port 80 and 443

Question 4

A CI/CD pipeline running outside GCP (on GitHub Actions) needs to authenticate to GCP to push images to Artifact Registry, without storing any long-lived service account key files. Which authentication mechanism achieves this?

Accepted Answer

Workload Identity Federation with GitHub Actions as the identity provider. Workload Identity Federation allows a GitHub Actions workflow to exchange a GitHub-issued OIDC token for a GCP access token, enabling authentication to Artifact Registry without storing any long-lived service account keys. This is the recommended approach for non-GCP CI/CD systems because it eliminates the security risk of managing static credentials while still granting fine-grained, short-lived access to GCP resources.

Answer

Store a service account JSON key as a GitHub Actions secret and use it in the workflow

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OAuth 2.0 user credentials from a developer's Google account

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API keys created for the Artifact Registry service

Question 5

Instead of granting IAM roles to 50 individual developer email addresses, a team wants to manage access by team membership. When a developer joins or leaves, access updates automatically. What is the recommended approach?

Accepted Answer

Grant IAM roles to a Google Group containing all team members. Option B is correct because Google Groups act as identity containers that can be granted IAM roles at the project or resource level. When developers are added to or removed from the group, their IAM permissions automatically update without requiring manual role changes for each individual user. This aligns with the principle of least privilege and simplifies access management at scale.

Answer

Create a service account shared by all developers on the team

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Create a GCP project per developer and use cross-project IAM bindings

Answer

Use Cloud Identity-Aware Proxy to manage team membership

Question 6

A healthcare company stores patient data in Cloud Storage. Compliance requires that even GCP (Google) cannot decrypt this data. The company manages encryption keys entirely on their own infrastructure. Which encryption option satisfies this?

Accepted Answer

Customer-Supplied Encryption Keys (CSEK) provided with each API request. Option B is correct because Customer-Supplied Encryption Keys (CSEK) allow the customer to provide their own AES-256 encryption key with each API request to Cloud Storage. Google does not store the key; it is used only in memory to encrypt/decrypt the data and then discarded, ensuring that even Google cannot access the plaintext. This meets the compliance requirement that the customer retains exclusive control over the encryption keys.

Answer

Customer-Managed Encryption Keys (CMEK) stored in Cloud KMS

Answer

Google-managed encryption keys (default) with restricted IAM policies

Answer

Shielded VM with confidential computing for the VMs that access the data

Question 7

A developer accidentally creates a firewall rule allowing all inbound traffic (0.0.0.0/0) on all ports to all instances in a production VPC. The rule has priority 1000. The team has an existing rule allowing only SSH (port 22) from the corporate IP range at priority 999. Which traffic is actually allowed?

Accepted Answer

SSH from corporate IP plus all traffic from all IPs — both allow rules match for their respective traffic. In Google Cloud VPC firewall rules, both allow rules are evaluated independently. The rule at priority 999 allows SSH (TCP port 22) from the corporate IP range, and the rule at priority 1000 allows all traffic from all IPs (0.0.0.0/0) on all ports. Since both rules are allow rules and match the traffic, the result is that SSH traffic from the corporate IP is allowed by the more specific rule, and all other traffic (including SSH from other IPs and all other protocols) is allowed by the broader rule. There is no implicit deny in GCP firewall rules; only explicit deny rules can block traffic, and no deny rule is present here.

Answer

Only SSH from the corporate range is allowed — the more specific rule takes precedence for all traffic

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No traffic is allowed — deny rules override allow rules in GCP

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All traffic from all IPs is allowed — the priority 1000 allow-all overrides the more specific priority 999 rule

Question 8

A Kubernetes namespace is shared by multiple teams. The platform team wants to ensure no single team's workloads can consume more than 10 CPU cores and 20 GB memory in that namespace. Which Kubernetes resource enforces this constraint?

Accepted Answer

ResourceQuota scoped to the namespace. ResourceQuota is the Kubernetes resource that enforces aggregate resource consumption limits at the namespace level. By configuring a ResourceQuota with spec.hard.cpu: 10 and spec.hard.memory: 20Gi, the platform team can cap the total CPU and memory usage across all Pods in the namespace, preventing any single team from exceeding those limits.

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LimitRange — sets per-Pod CPU and memory limits

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PodDisruptionBudget limiting the number of running Pods

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Network Policy restricting namespace traffic to avoid resource contention

Question 9

A team discovers their Cloud Logging costs are unexpectedly high. The majority of costs come from verbose DEBUG-level logs from a development service in production. They want to stop storing DEBUG logs without modifying the application. What is the solution?

Accepted Answer

Create a Cloud Logging exclusion filter to discard DEBUG-level log entries from the service. Option B is correct because Cloud Logging exclusion filters allow you to discard log entries based on criteria such as severity level, log name, or resource labels before they are ingested and stored. By creating an exclusion filter that matches DEBUG-level log entries from the specific development service, you can stop storing those logs without modifying the application code. This approach directly reduces storage costs because excluded logs are not indexed or retained.

Answer

Set the application's log level to INFO — this is the only way to reduce log volume

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Move the development service to a separate GCP project with a lower logging tier

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Delete old DEBUG log entries manually — Cloud Logging charges for stored volume

Question 10

A team needs to run a simple containerized script that processes a batch of files once per night and exits when done — no HTTP endpoint needed. Which GCP service is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Cloud Run Jobs triggered by Cloud Scheduler. Cloud Run Jobs is the correct choice because it is designed for batch workloads that run to completion, with no requirement for an HTTP endpoint. It can handle long-running tasks (up to 24 hours) and can be triggered by Cloud Scheduler for nightly execution, making it ideal for processing files once per night.

Answer

Cloud Run Services with a timeout set to 24 hours

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Cloud Functions with a 540-second maximum timeout

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App Engine Standard with a background service