DP-900 Describe core data concepts Practice Test 4 — 15 Questions

Question 1

A company stores customer contact information in a table with columns for CustomerID, Name, Email, and Phone. They also store customer support chat transcripts as plain text files. Which of the following correctly classifies these data types?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

Customer contact information is structured; chat transcripts are unstructured. Customer contact information stored in a table with columns like CustomerID, Name, Email, and Phone is structured data because it has a fixed schema with rows and columns. Chat transcripts stored as plain text files have no predefined schema or organization, making them unstructured data. Therefore, option C correctly classifies the contact info as structured and the chat transcripts as unstructured.

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Both are structured data

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Customer contact information is structured; chat transcripts are semi-structured

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Both are semi-structured

Question 2

A company stores customer order data in a relational database table with columns like OrderID, CustomerID, and OrderDate. They also store product images as JPEG files, and customer feedback as JSON documents with varying fields. Which of the following correctly orders these data types from most structured to least structured?

Accepted Answer

B: Relational table, JSON documents, JPEG files. Relational tables enforce a fixed schema with rows and columns, making them the most structured. JSON documents have a flexible schema with varying fields, placing them in the middle. JPEG files are binary blobs with no inherent structure for querying, making them the least structured. Option B correctly orders these from most structured (relational table) to least structured (JPEG files).

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A: JSON documents, Relational table, JPEG files

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C: JPEG files, Relational table, JSON documents

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D: Relational table, JPEG files, JSON documents

Question 3

A company stores customer data in a relational database with columns like CustomerID, Name, and Email. They also store product images as JPEG files in Azure Blob Storage, and customer feedback as JSON documents that contain varying fields such as rating, comments, and optional metadata. Which of the following correctly orders these data types from most structured to least structured?

Accepted Answer

Relational data, JSON, images. Relational data (CustomerID, Name, Email) is the most structured because it enforces a fixed schema with defined data types and constraints. JSON documents (customer feedback) are semi-structured: they have a flexible schema with optional fields like metadata, but still use key-value pairs. Images (JPEG files) are unstructured binary data with no inherent schema. Option C correctly orders them from most structured (relational) to least structured (images).

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Relational data, images, JSON

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Images, JSON, relational data

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JSON, relational data, images

Question 4

A company stores employee records in a relational database table with columns EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName, Department. They also store employee handbooks as PDF files, and customer feedback as XML documents. Which of the following correctly classifies these data types?

Accepted Answer

Employee records: structured, Employee handbooks: unstructured, Customer feedback: semi-structured. Employee records in a relational database table have a fixed schema (columns and data types), making them structured data. Employee handbooks stored as PDF files have no internal schema and are binary blobs, classifying them as unstructured data. Customer feedback stored as XML documents have a flexible, self-describing schema with tags, making them semi-structured data.

Answer

Employee records: structured, Employee handbooks: semi-structured, Customer feedback: unstructured

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Employee records: semi-structured, Employee handbooks: unstructured, Customer feedback: structured

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Employee records: unstructured, Employee handbooks: semi-structured, Customer feedback: structured

Question 5

A company stores customer records in a relational table with columns like CustomerID, Name, and Email. Product reviews are stored as JSON documents, and marketing images are stored as PNG files. Which of the following correctly orders these data types from most structured to least structured?

Accepted Answer

B. Customer records, Product reviews, Marketing images. Customer records in a relational table have a fixed schema with defined columns (e.g., CustomerID, Name, Email), making them the most structured. Product reviews stored as JSON documents are semi-structured because they have a flexible schema with key-value pairs but no fixed columns. Marketing images as PNG files are unstructured binary data with no inherent schema. Option B correctly orders these from most to least structured.

Answer

A. Product reviews, Customer records, Marketing images

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C. Marketing images, Customer records, Product reviews

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D. Customer records, Marketing images, Product reviews

Question 6

A healthcare organization stores patient medical records in a relational database with columns such as PatientID, Name, and DateOfBirth. They also store radiology images as DICOM files in Azure Blob Storage. Which statement correctly classifies these data types?

Accepted Answer

Patient records are structured, and radiology images are unstructured.. Patient records in a relational database with fixed columns like PatientID, Name, and DateOfBirth adhere to a predefined schema, making them structured data. Radiology images stored as DICOM files in Azure Blob Storage have no internal schema or tabular format and are therefore unstructured data. Option C correctly matches these classifications.

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Both patient records and radiology images are structured data.

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Patient records are semi-structured, and radiology images are unstructured.

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Patient records are unstructured, and radiology images are semi-structured.

Question 7

A retail company stores product information in a relational database table with fixed columns: ProductID (integer), Name (string), Price (decimal). They also store customer reviews as JSON documents where each review may contain different fields such as rating, comment, and optional images. Additionally, they store product images as JPEG files in Azure Blob Storage. Which of the following correctly classifies these data types from most structured to least structured?

Accepted Answer

Structured (product info), Semi-structured (reviews), Unstructured (images). Product info in a relational table with fixed columns (ProductID, Name, Price) is structured data. Customer reviews stored as JSON documents, which may have varying fields like rating, comment, and optional images, are semi-structured because they have a flexible schema. Product images stored as JPEG files in Azure Blob Storage are unstructured binary data. This ordering from most to least structured matches option A.

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Semi-structured (product info), Structured (reviews), Unstructured (images)

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Unstructured (product info), Semi-structured (reviews), Structured (images)

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Structured (product info), Unstructured (reviews), Semi-structured (images)

Question 8

A logistics company ingests GPS coordinates from delivery trucks in real-time to update a live tracking dashboard. They also run a nightly job to aggregate the day's deliveries into a report stored in Azure SQL Database. Which statement correctly describes the data processing types used for these two workloads?

Accepted Answer

GPS ingestion is stream processing; nightly aggregation is batch processing.. The real-time ingestion of GPS coordinates from delivery trucks is a classic stream processing workload, where data is processed continuously as it arrives with low latency. The nightly aggregation of daily deliveries into a report stored in Azure SQL Database is a batch processing workload, where data is processed in bulk at scheduled intervals. Azure Stream Analytics is commonly used for the streaming ingestion, while Azure SQL Database or Azure Synapse Analytics can handle the batch aggregation.

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GPS ingestion is batch processing; nightly aggregation is stream processing.

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Both workloads are examples of stream processing.

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Both workloads are examples of batch processing.

Question 9

A company stores customer data in a relational table with columns CustomerID, FullName, and Email. They also store product descriptions as JSON documents with varying fields, and product images as JPEG files. Which of the following correctly classifies these data types from most structured to least structured?

Accepted Answer

Structured, semi-structured, unstructured. The customer data in a relational table with fixed columns (CustomerID, FullName, Email) is structured because it has a rigid schema and defined data types. The JSON documents for product descriptions are semi-structured because they use key-value pairs with flexible fields but still have metadata (tags, keys) that provide organization. The JPEG product images are unstructured because they are binary blobs with no inherent schema or metadata that the database can query directly. This ordering from most to least structured matches option A.

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Unstructured, semi-structured, structured

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Semi-structured, structured, unstructured

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Structured, unstructured, semi-structured

Question 10

A financial services company stores account balances in Azure SQL Database (strong consistency) and transaction audit logs in Azure Cosmos DB (eventual consistency by default). A compliance requirement demands that when a transaction is rolled back in the SQL database, the corresponding audit log entries in Cosmos DB must also be removed within a short time frame. Which term best describes the difficulty of maintaining this constraint?

Accepted Answer

Distributed transaction coordination. The scenario requires coordinating a rollback across two distinct data stores—Azure SQL Database (ACID-compliant, strong consistency) and Azure Cosmos DB (eventual consistency by default). This cross-system transactional consistency is a classic distributed transaction coordination problem, often addressed via patterns like the two-phase commit (2PC) or the saga pattern, but not natively supported between these two services without custom orchestration.

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ACID compliance

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Idempotency

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Schema flexibility

Question 11

A company stores customer data in a relational table with fixed columns: CustomerID (integer), FirstName (string), LastName (string), Email (string). They also store product images as JPEG files in Azure Blob Storage, and customer feedback as JSON documents where each document may contain fields such as rating, comment, and optional metadata. Which of the following correctly classifies these data types?

Accepted Answer

Relational table – structured, JPEG – unstructured, JSON – semi-structured. A relational table with fixed columns and data types (CustomerID, FirstName, LastName, Email) stores structured data with a rigid schema. JPEG files in Azure Blob Storage are binary blobs with no internal structure that a database can interpret, making them unstructured. JSON documents with optional fields (like rating, comment, metadata) have a flexible schema that can vary per document, which is the definition of semi-structured data.

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Relational table – structured, JPEG – semi-structured, JSON – unstructured

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Relational table – semi-structured, JPEG – unstructured, JSON – structured

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Relational table – unstructured, JPEG – structured, JSON – semi-structured

Question 12

A financial services company is evaluating distributed NoSQL databases for a new application that must remain fully available even during network partitions. The application can tolerate stale reads for some types of queries. Which statement accurately describes the trade-off described by the CAP theorem in this context?

Accepted Answer

When a network partition occurs, a distributed system must choose between providing consistency and providing availability.. The CAP theorem states that during a network partition (P), a distributed system must choose between consistency (C) and availability (A). Since the application requires full availability even during partitions, it must sacrifice strong consistency in favor of eventual consistency, which tolerates stale reads. Option B correctly captures this fundamental trade-off.

Answer

During a network partition, the system can maintain both consistency and availability.

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Partition tolerance is an optional property and can be sacrificed to achieve both consistency and availability.

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Availability guarantees that every read returns the most recent write.

Question 13

A retail company operates an online store. The store processes each customer's order immediately upon submission, updating inventory and payment records in real-time. Additionally, the company's business analysts run weekly reports that aggregate sales data over the past month to identify trends. Which of the following correctly describes the two workload types represented in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

The order processing is an OLTP workload; the weekly reporting is an OLAP workload.. The order processing system handles individual transactions (inserts/updates) in real-time, which is the hallmark of an Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) workload. The weekly reporting aggregates large volumes of historical data for trend analysis, which is an Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) workload. OLTP is optimized for high-volume, low-latency writes, while OLAP is optimized for complex read-heavy queries over large datasets.

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The order processing is an OLAP workload; the weekly reporting is an OLTP workload.

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Both workloads are OLTP workloads.

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Both workloads are batch processing workloads.

Question 14

A company stores customer data in a relational table with fixed columns: CustomerID (integer), FirstName (string), LastName (string), Email (string). They also store product images as JPEG files, and customer feedback as JSON documents that may contain varying fields such as rating, comment, and optional metadata. Which of the following correctly orders these data types from most structured to least structured?

Accepted Answer

Relational table, JSON documents, JPEG files. The relational table is the most structured because it enforces a fixed schema with predefined columns and data types (e.g., CustomerID integer, FirstName string). JSON documents are semi-structured: they have a flexible schema where fields like rating and comment can vary per document, but they still provide key-value organization. JPEG files are unstructured binary data with no internal schema or queryable structure, making them the least structured.

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JSON documents, relational table, JPEG files

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JPEG files, JSON documents, relational table

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Relational table, JPEG files, JSON documents

Question 15

A logistics company uses an online system to process incoming delivery requests one at a time, updating the database immediately upon each transaction. They also run a weekly job that analyzes thousands of delivery records to identify average delivery times and trends. Which set of terms correctly classifies these two workloads?

Accepted Answer

OLTP and OLAP. The first workload processes individual delivery requests with immediate database updates, which is the definition of Online Transaction Processing (OLTP). The second workload runs a weekly job analyzing thousands of records for trends and averages, which is Online Analytical Processing (OLAP). These two terms correctly classify the transactional and analytical workloads described.

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Batch processing and real-time processing

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Relational and non-relational

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Structured and semi-structured