CCNP Architecture — 10 Questions

Question 1

Which TWO characteristics are true about Cisco StackWise virtual technology? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

It allows multiple physical switches to operate as a single logical switch.. Cisco StackWise Virtual allows two physical switches to be interconnected using regular Ethernet links (not dedicated stacking cables) to operate as a single logical switch. This simplifies management because the stack can be managed via a single IP address. It does not require dedicated cables, does not require identical hardware models (mixed models are allowed), and supports only 2 member switches (not up to 9). Therefore, the correct characteristics are A and C.

Answer

Each member switch must have the same hardware model.

Answer

It requires dedicated stacking cables for interconnectivity.

Answer

It supports up to 9 member switches in a stack.

Question 2

An engineer is troubleshooting intermittent connectivity issues between two data center switches. The link is a 10GE LACP port-channel. Which misconfiguration could cause packet loss?

Accepted Answer

MTU size is set to 1500 on one switch and 9000 on the other.. An MTU mismatch between two switches in a port-channel can cause packet fragmentation or drops. With LACP, both sides must have matching MTU settings to ensure proper frame forwarding. If one switch has an MTU of 1500 and the other 9000 (jumbo frames), packets exceeding 1500 bytes will be dropped by the switch with the smaller MTU, causing intermittent packet loss. In contrast, an active/passive LACP configuration is valid and commonly used; it does not cause packet loss if both sides are properly configured. Passive-passive would prevent the port-channel from forming, but that is not the case here.

Answer

Auto-negotiation is disabled on both ends.

Answer

Spanning-tree BPDU guard is enabled on the port-channel.

Answer

One switch is configured with active LACP and the other with passive LACP.

Question 3

A network engineer is designing a campus network with high availability for critical services. Which Cisco technology enables traffic to be forwarded to an alternate next hop in the event of a first-hop router failure, without requiring any configuration changes on the hosts?

Accepted Answer

HSRP. HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) is a Cisco-proprietary FHRP that allows multiple routers to share a virtual IP and MAC address, providing transparent failover. Hosts are configured with the virtual IP as their default gateway, so when the active router fails, the standby router takes over without any host configuration changes. This directly meets the requirement for high availability without host reconfiguration.

Answer

Static default route with a floating static

Answer

GLBP

Answer

VRRP

Question 4

A company is deploying a wireless network in an office with high client density. Which Cisco architecture is best suited to handle client roaming without requiring a central controller for every roaming event?

Accepted Answer

FlexConnect. FlexConnect (option D) is the correct architecture because it allows client data traffic to be switched locally at the remote site, while the control plane remains centralized. This design eliminates the need for a central controller to process every roaming event, as clients can roam between FlexConnect APs using local switching and 802.11r (Fast Roaming) without requiring a WLC in the data path.

Answer

Mesh networking

Answer

Autonomous APs

Answer

Centralized switching with a WLC

Question 5

An enterprise is using OSPF in a multi-area design. Area 1 is a regular area, and Area 2 is a totally stubby area. Which LSA types are present in Area 2?

Accepted Answer

Type 1, Type 2, Type 3 (including default). In a totally stubby area, the ABR blocks Type 4 and Type 5 LSAs and replaces all Type 3 inter-area routes with a single default route (Type 3 LSA with link-state ID 0.0.0.0). Therefore, only Type 1 (router), Type 2 (network), and the default Type 3 LSAs are present. This matches option A.

Answer

Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, Type 5

Answer

Type 1, Type 2, Type 4, Type 5

Answer

Type 1, Type 2, Type 3 (including default), Type 4

Question 6

A network engineer is troubleshooting a routing loop in an EIGRP network. Which mechanism is designed to prevent routing loops by causing a router to reject routes that are learned from a neighbor that is not the successor?

Accepted Answer

Feasibility condition. The feasibility condition is a loop-prevention mechanism unique to EIGRP. It ensures that a router only accepts a route from a neighbor if that neighbor's reported distance (RD) to the destination is less than the router's own feasible distance (FD). This guarantees that the path through that neighbor is loop-free, effectively rejecting routes learned from any neighbor that is not the successor.

Answer

Split horizon

Answer

Route poisoning

Answer

Hold-down timers

Question 7

A company is implementing QoS in a network where voice traffic must have strict priority over all other traffic. Which queuing mechanism should be used on the outbound interface of a router to ensure voice packets are always sent first?

Accepted Answer

Low Latency Queuing (LLQ). Low Latency Queuing (LLQ) is the correct choice because it combines Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing (CBWFQ) with a strict priority queue, ensuring that voice traffic (marked with EF or CS5) is always dequeued before any other traffic class. This guarantees low latency and jitter for real-time traffic, which is essential for voice quality.

Answer

Random Early Detection (RED)

Answer

First In First Out (FIFO)

Answer

Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing (CBWFQ)

Question 8

A network administrator is configuring a new VLAN 100 on a switch and wants to ensure that the VLAN is created and active. Which command is required to create a VLAN in the VLAN database?

Accepted Answer

vlan 100. The 'vlan 100' command is executed in global configuration mode to create a VLAN in the VLAN database on a Cisco IOS switch. This command creates the VLAN and places the switch into VLAN configuration mode, where optional parameters like name can be set. The VLAN is active immediately upon creation, provided the switch is in VTP server or transparent mode.

Answer

interface vlan 100

Answer

name VLAN100

Answer

switchport access vlan 100

Question 9

An engineer is troubleshooting a network where OSPF neighbors are stuck in the EXSTART state. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

MTU mismatch between the routers. The EXSTART state in OSPF indicates that routers have formed a bidirectional communication (2-Way state) and are now attempting to exchange Database Description (DBD) packets to negotiate the master/slave relationship and the initial sequence number. An MTU mismatch between the routers is the most common cause of neighbors being stuck in EXSTART because the router with the smaller MTU will drop DBD packets that exceed its interface MTU, preventing the exchange from progressing to the Loading state.

Answer

Dead timer mismatch

Answer

Authentication misconfiguration

Answer

Mismatched OSPF area IDs

Question 10

A company is deploying a WAN with MPLS VPN and wants to ensure that customer traffic is isolated from other customers. Which technology is used to maintain separation in the MPLS core?

Accepted Answer

Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF). VRF (Virtual Routing and Forwarding) is the technology used in MPLS VPN to maintain customer traffic separation within the MPLS core. Each customer is assigned a unique VRF on the Provider Edge (PE) router, which maintains a separate routing table and forwarding instance, ensuring that traffic from one customer never crosses into another customer's routing domain. This separation is enforced at Layer 3, independent of the MPLS label switching that occurs in the core.

Answer

VLAN tagging

Answer

MPLS labels

Answer

IPsec tunnels