DOP-C02 Security and Compliance Practice Test 8 — 15 Questions

Question 1

Drag and drop the steps to set up an AWS CloudFormation stack with a nested stack.

Accepted Answer

Upload the nested stack template, then create the parent template, then validate the templates, then create the stack, then monitor the stack creation.. First upload the nested stack template, then create the parent template, then validate, then create stack, then monitor.

Answer

Create the parent template, then upload the nested stack template, then validate the templates, then create the stack, then monitor the stack creation.

Answer

Validate the templates, then upload the nested stack template, then create the parent template, then create the stack, then monitor the stack creation.

Answer

Upload the nested stack template, then create the parent template, then create the stack, then validate the templates, then monitor the stack creation.

Question 2

Match each AWS security and identity service to its function.

Accepted Answer

IAM: Manage user identities and permissions. IAM handles access control, AWS Organizations manages multi-account structure, and AWS Shield protects against DDoS attacks. The distractors incorrectly swap these definitions.

Answer

IAM: Protect against DDoS attacks

Answer

AWS Organizations: Manage user identities and permissions

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AWS Shield: Centrally manage multiple AWS accounts

Question 3

A company uses AWS KMS to encrypt data in S3. They want to audit who used which KMS key and when. Which AWS service should they use?

Accepted Answer

AWS CloudTrail. AWS CloudTrail is the correct service because it records all AWS KMS API calls, including the key ID, the principal who made the request, the time of the request, and the source IP address. These logs are delivered to an S3 bucket and can be queried using CloudTrail Insights or Athena to audit KMS key usage for S3 decryption events.

Answer

Amazon CloudWatch

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Amazon GuardDuty

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AWS Config

Question 4

A DevOps engineer needs to securely store database credentials for an application running on EC2. The credentials must be rotated automatically every 30 days. Which solution meets these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Use AWS Secrets Manager to store the credentials and configure automatic rotation with the RDS rotation Lambda blueprint.. AWS Secrets Manager is the correct choice because it is purpose-built for securely storing, managing, and automatically rotating database credentials. It provides a built-in RDS rotation Lambda blueprint that can be configured to rotate credentials every 30 days without custom code. This fully managed rotation capability meets the requirement for automatic, scheduled rotation with minimal operational overhead.

Answer

Store credentials in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store and use a Lambda function to rotate them.

Answer

Store credentials in an S3 bucket encrypted with KMS and use S3 Lifecycle policies to rotate the objects.

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Use IAM roles to grant the EC2 instance access to the database, eliminating the need for credentials.

Question 5

A company is using AWS Organizations with multiple accounts. The security team wants to enforce that all S3 buckets have encryption enabled. They need a preventive control that applies to all current and future accounts. Which approach should they use?

Accepted Answer

Use a service control policy (SCP) in the Organizations root to deny PutBucketEncryption actions when encryption settings do not include AES256 or aws:kms.. A service control policy (SCP) applied at the Organizations root can deny the creation or modification of S3 buckets that do not have encryption enabled, specifically requiring AES256 or aws:kms. This is a preventive control that applies to all current and future accounts in the organization, as SCPs are inherited by all accounts and cannot be overridden by IAM policies within those accounts.

Answer

Use AWS Config rules to detect unencrypted buckets and automatically apply encryption using a remediation action.

Answer

Enable AWS CloudTrail to log all S3 API calls and send alerts when non-compliant buckets are created.

Answer

Create an IAM policy in each account that denies PutBucketEncryption unless encryption is enabled.

Question 6

A developer wants to grant an EC2 instance read-only access to a specific S3 bucket. Which AWS mechanism should they use to securely provide credentials to the instance?

Accepted Answer

Create an IAM role with the required permissions and attach it to the EC2 instance as an instance profile.. IAM roles with instance profiles provide temporary, automatically rotated credentials to EC2 instances via the AWS STS service. This eliminates the need to hardcode or store long-term access keys on the instance, adhering to the principle of least privilege and improving security posture.

Answer

Set AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY environment variables in the AMI.

Answer

Store AWS access keys in the EC2 user data script.

Answer

Retrieve the credentials from AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store using a custom script.

Question 7

A company runs a web application on EC2 behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). They want to protect against SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks. Which AWS service should they use?

Accepted Answer

Deploy AWS WAF in front of the ALB and create rules to block SQL injection and XSS.. AWS WAF is a web application firewall that integrates directly with Application Load Balancers to inspect HTTP/HTTPS requests for common attack patterns. It provides managed rule sets specifically designed to block SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks at the application layer, which is exactly what this scenario requires.

Answer

Configure security groups to allow only HTTP/HTTPS traffic.

Answer

Configure network ACLs to block common attack patterns based on IP ranges.

Answer

Enable AWS Shield Advanced to protect the ALB.

Question 8

A DevOps engineer needs to ensure that all API calls made to AWS are logged for compliance. The logs must be stored in S3 for at least 7 years. Which AWS service should they use?

Accepted Answer

AWS CloudTrail. AWS CloudTrail is the correct service because it records all API calls made to AWS, including the identity, source IP, and timestamp, and can deliver log files to an S3 bucket for long-term retention. The requirement to store logs for at least 7 years aligns with CloudTrail's ability to integrate with S3 lifecycle policies for archival or deletion after a specified period.

Answer

VPC Flow Logs

Answer

AWS Config

Answer

Amazon CloudWatch Logs

Question 9

A company has a multi-account AWS environment using AWS Organizations. They want to centrally manage user access to all accounts using single sign-on (SSO) and enforce multi-factor authentication (MFA). Which service should they use?

Accepted Answer

Use AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS SSO) to manage access and enforce MFA.. AWS IAM Identity Center (formerly AWS SSO) is the correct service because it provides a centralized place to manage user access and permissions across all AWS accounts in an AWS Organization. It natively supports enforcing multi-factor authentication (MFA) through an identity source (e.g., the built-in identity store or an external IdP) and integrates directly with AWS Organizations to grant single sign-on access without needing to create IAM users in each account.

Answer

Use AWS Secrets Manager to store and rotate IAM user credentials.

Answer

Create IAM users in each account and share the credentials securely.

Answer

Use Amazon Cognito user pools with an identity broker.

Question 10

A company is using AWS CloudFormation to deploy infrastructure. They need to ensure that all resources created by CloudFormation are tagged with a 'CostCenter' tag. The tag must be applied automatically to all resources in the stack. What should they do?

Accepted Answer

Specify the tag in the CloudFormation stack's Tags parameter, which applies the tag to all resources in the stack.. CloudFormation allows you to specify stack-level tags in the Tags parameter when creating or updating a stack. These tags are automatically propagated to all resources that support tagging within the stack, ensuring consistent cost allocation without additional custom logic or post-creation remediation.

Answer

Use AWS Service Catalog to enforce tagging on all products.

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Create an AWS Config rule to detect untagged resources and trigger auto-remediation.

Answer

Use a custom Lambda function as a CloudFormation hook to tag resources after creation.

Question 11

A security engineer is designing a secure VPC architecture for a web application. The application must be isolated from the internet and only accessible through a load balancer. Which TWO actions should the engineer take?

Accepted Answer

Place the EC2 instances in a private subnet with no internet gateway attachment.. Placing EC2 instances in a private subnet without an internet gateway ensures they have no direct path to the internet, meeting the isolation requirement. This forces all traffic to and from the instances to go through the load balancer, which is the only entry point for the application.

Answer

Attach an Internet Gateway to the VPC and route the private subnet to it.

Answer

Configure a network ACL on the private subnet to allow inbound traffic on all ephemeral ports.

Answer

Set up an AWS Direct Connect connection for the instances to access the internet.

Question 12

A company is migrating to AWS and needs to comply with PCI DSS. They must encrypt all data at rest and in transit. Which THREE services or features should they use?

Accepted Answer

Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) with TLS termination.. Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) with TLS termination ensures encryption of data in transit between clients and the load balancer, which is a PCI DSS requirement for protecting cardholder data over public networks. By terminating TLS at the ELB, you can offload the cryptographic overhead while maintaining compliance with the encryption-in-transit mandate.

Answer

AWS CloudTrail to log all API calls.

Answer

AWS WAF to protect web applications.

Question 13

A DevOps engineer needs to restrict access to an S3 bucket so that only users from a specific AWS account can read objects. Which TWO methods can achieve this?

Accepted Answer

Create an IAM role in the source account with read access to the bucket, and allow users in that account to assume the role.. An IAM role in the source account can be granted read access to the S3 bucket via a bucket policy that allows the role's ARN. Users in the source account assume this role, which temporarily provides them with the necessary permissions to read objects. This cross-account access pattern is secure and follows AWS best practices for delegating access across accounts.

Answer

Enable S3 Block Public Access on the bucket.

Answer

Generate pre-signed URLs for each object and distribute them only to users in the target account.

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Set a bucket ACL that grants read access to the target account's canonical ID.

Question 14

A company requires that all access to their S3 buckets be encrypted in transit. Which configuration achieves this?

Accepted Answer

Use a bucket policy that denies requests when aws:SecureTransport is false.. Using a bucket policy with a condition that denies requests when `aws:SecureTransport` is `false` explicitly enforces encryption in transit for all access to the S3 bucket. This policy ensures that any HTTP (non-TLS) request is denied, while HTTPS requests are allowed, meeting the requirement that all access be encrypted in transit.

Answer

Use CloudFront with the bucket as origin and enforce HTTPS only between viewer and CloudFront.

Answer

Enable default encryption on the bucket.

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Set the bucket policy to require SSE-KMS.

Question 15

A company's security team notices that an IAM user has permissions to terminate EC2 instances but should only be allowed to stop them. The current policy allows ec2:TerminateInstances. What is the most secure way to prevent termination while allowing stop?

Accepted Answer

Add a Deny statement for ec2:TerminateInstances with a condition for the user's ARN.. The most secure because adding a Deny statement for ec2:TerminateInstances with a condition for the user's ARN explicitly blocks the termination action, regardless of any other policies that might allow it. Option A is wrong because an SCP affects the entire account, not just the user, and may be too broad. Option B is wrong because simply modifying the policy to include ec2:StopInstances and remove ec2:TerminateInstances does not prevent termination if the user has other policies that grant ec2:TerminateInstances. Option D is wrong because attaching a separate Deny policy is effective but less direct and more complex than adding a Deny in the same policy.

Answer

Use an SCP to deny ec2:TerminateInstances for the entire account.

Answer

Modify the existing policy to include ec2:StopInstances and remove ec2:TerminateInstances.

Answer

Attach a separate managed policy that denies ec2:TerminateInstances to the user.