DOP-C02 Security and Compliance Practice Test 1 — 15 Questions

Question 1

A company is using AWS Organizations with multiple accounts. The Security team wants to centrally manage IAM roles that can be assumed by users in member accounts. Which solution should be used to enforce that only specific roles can be assumed across accounts, while ensuring that the policy updates are automatically applied to all accounts?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

Create an IAM role in each member account with a trust policy that allows the Security account, and use AWS CloudFormation StackSets to deploy the roles.. It uses AWS CloudFormation StackSets to deploy IAM roles across member accounts with a trust policy that allows the Security account to assume them. StackSets ensure that role updates are automatically applied to all accounts in the organization. SCPs can be used in conjunction to enforce that only these specific roles can be assumed.

Answer

Use AWS Single Sign-On (SSO) to assign permissions to users across accounts.

Answer

Create an IAM role in the Security account with a trust policy that references a service control policy (SCP) in AWS Organizations.

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Create a resource-based policy on each IAM role in the member accounts that allows the Security account to assume the role.

Question 2

A DevOps engineer needs to ensure that all API calls made to AWS are recorded for auditing purposes. Which AWS service should be used?

Accepted Answer

AWS CloudTrail. AWS CloudTrail is the correct service because it records all API calls made to AWS, including the identity of the caller, the time of the call, the source IP address, and the request parameters. This provides a complete audit trail of user activity and API usage, which is essential for auditing, security analysis, and compliance requirements.

Answer

AWS Config

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Amazon CloudWatch Logs

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Amazon VPC Flow Logs

Question 3

A company uses AWS Key Management Service (KMS) to encrypt data at rest in Amazon S3. The security team wants to ensure that only users with a specific attribute in their SAML assertion can decrypt the data. Which KMS key policy should be used?

Accepted Answer

Modify the KMS key policy to include a condition that allows kms:Decrypt only if the SAML assertion contains the specific attribute.. KMS key policies are resource-based policies that can use IAM condition keys. To enforce a requirement based on a SAML assertion, you must first configure the IAM role's trust policy to map the SAML attribute to a session tag using sts:TagSession. Then, the KMS key policy can include a condition such as aws:PrincipalTag/attribute_name to allow kms:Decrypt only when that session tag matches the expected value. This ensures compliance at the key level, independent of S3 bucket policies. Note that saml:sub and other SAML condition keys are not supported in KMS key policies; they are only valid in IAM trust policies.

Answer

Create an S3 bucket policy that denies kms:Decrypt unless the request includes a specific tag.

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Attach a resource-based policy to the S3 bucket that allows decryption only for users with the specific attribute.

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Use an IAM policy that grants kms:Decrypt only if the user has the specific attribute.

Question 4

A company has a requirement to rotate database credentials every 30 days for an Amazon RDS for MySQL instance. The credentials are currently stored in AWS Secrets Manager. The DevOps engineer needs to implement automatic rotation without modifying the application code. Which solution should be used?

Accepted Answer

Configure Secrets Manager to automatically rotate the secret every 30 days using a Lambda rotation function, and have the application retrieve the secret using the Secrets Manager API.. AWS Secrets Manager natively supports automatic rotation of secrets using a Lambda function that updates both the secret in Secrets Manager and the password in the RDS MySQL instance. This solution meets the 30-day rotation requirement without modifying application code, as the application retrieves the current secret via the Secrets Manager API, which automatically handles versioning and caching.

Answer

Create a scheduled job that runs every 30 days to update the secret in Secrets Manager with a new password.

Answer

Store the credentials in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store and configure automatic rotation using a Lambda function.

Answer

Use the AWS RDS automatic password rotation feature, which automatically updates the password every 30 days.

Question 5

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage multiple accounts. The Security team wants to prevent member accounts from disabling AWS CloudTrail or deleting CloudTrail log files. Which TWO actions should the Security team take in the organization's management account? (Choose TWO.)

Accepted Answer

Create an SCP to deny s3:DeleteObject on the CloudTrail log bucket.. An SCP that denies s3:DeleteObject on the CloudTrail log bucket prevents member accounts from deleting log files stored in S3, even if they have full administrative permissions. This is a critical control to ensure log integrity and compliance with security policies.

Answer

Create an SCP to deny cloudtrail:UpdateTrail.

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Create an IAM policy in each member account to deny cloudtrail:StopLogging.

Answer

Enable AWS CloudTrail from the management account with organization trail.

Question 6

A DevOps team is designing a CI/CD pipeline that deploys a web application on Amazon ECS. The application must be compliant with PCI DSS, which requires encryption of data at rest and in transit, and logging of all access. Which THREE actions should the team implement to meet these requirements? (Choose THREE.)

Accepted Answer

Enable AWS CloudTrail and Amazon ECS logs to capture all API calls and container logs.. AWS CloudTrail captures all API calls to the AWS environment, providing an audit trail of who accessed what and when, which is required for PCI DSS logging. Amazon ECS logs (via CloudWatch Logs or FireLens) capture container-level access and application logs, ensuring comprehensive logging of all access to the application and underlying infrastructure.

Answer

Store database credentials in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store.

Answer

Use VPC endpoints to access ECS and ECR APIs.

Question 7

A company runs a multi-account environment using AWS Organizations. The security team has implemented a service control policy (SCP) that denies all actions on DynamoDB tables unless the request includes a specific tag "Environment": "Production". The development team has an IAM role with full DynamoDB access in their account. When they try to create a DynamoDB table using the AWS CLI, they receive an access denied error. They are certain they included the tag. The DevOps engineer reviews the SCP and finds that it uses the condition key "aws:RequestTag". However, the engineer notices that the SCP also denies access if the request does not include the tag for tagging actions. What is the most likely reason for the access denied error?

Accepted Answer

The CreateTable API does not accept tags in the request; tags must be added after creation using the TagResource API.. The DynamoDB `CreateTable` API and the `aws dynamodb create-table` CLI command support the `Tags` parameter. Therefore, the SCP's `aws:RequestTag` condition can be satisfied by including the tag in the request. The denial described in the stem is not due to a lack of tagging support on CreateTable. None of the provided options gives a valid reason; the question is based on a false premise.

Answer

The SCP requires an explicit allow statement in the IAM policy to override the deny.

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The IAM role does not have permission to tag resources.

Answer

The SCP is not applied to the development account because it is in a different OU.

Question 8

A financial services company is migrating its applications to AWS. The compliance team requires that all Amazon S3 buckets containing personally identifiable information (PII) must have server-side encryption enabled and block public access. The DevOps team discovers that some S3 buckets are not compliant. Which TWO actions should the team take to enforce these requirements automatically for all current and future buckets? (Select TWO.)

Accepted Answer

Use AWS Config managed rules to detect noncompliant buckets and automatically remediate by applying encryption and blocking public access.. To enforce these requirements automatically for all current and future buckets, the team should use AWS Config managed rules (e.g., s3-bucket-server-side-encryption-enabled and s3-bucket-public-read-prohibited) with auto-remediation to detect and automatically fix noncompliant buckets (option B). Additionally, an SCP that denies s3:PutBucketPublicAccessBlock and s3:PutBucketEncryption actions when the required settings are not specified prevents noncompliant buckets from being created in the first place across all accounts (option E). Together, these provide preventive and corrective controls for all existing and future buckets.

Answer

Enable AWS CloudTrail to log all S3 API calls and send alerts when noncompliant buckets are created.

Answer

Attach an IAM permissions boundary to all users that prevents them from creating or modifying S3 buckets.

Answer

Apply an S3 bucket policy to each existing bucket that denies all access unless encryption is enabled.

Question 9

A DevOps engineer applies the S3 bucket policy shown in the exhibit to enforce encryption and secure transport. After applying the policy, users report that they can still upload objects without encryption. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

The first Deny statement only denies encryption types other than aws:kms, but allows encryption with AES256.. The first Deny statement in the bucket policy uses a condition that checks if the `s3:x-amz-server-side-encryption` header is not equal to `aws:kms`. This condition only applies when the header is present. For uploads without any encryption header, the condition does not evaluate to true, so the Deny does not apply. Therefore, users can upload objects without encryption. The statement does not explicitly allow `AES256`, but rather fails to block requests that lack the encryption header entirely, which is the underlying reason why unencrypted uploads are permitted.

Answer

The Null condition incorrectly allows uploads without encryption.

Answer

The bucket policy does not apply to cross-account uploads.

Answer

The bucket policy lacks an explicit Allow statement for s3:PutObject.

Question 10

Drag and drop the steps to set up an AWS CloudFormation stack with a nested stack.

Accepted Answer

Upload the nested stack template, then create the parent template, then validate the templates, then create the stack, then monitor the stack creation.. First upload the nested stack template, then create the parent template, then validate, then create stack, then monitor.

Answer

Create the parent template, then upload the nested stack template, then validate the templates, then create the stack, then monitor the stack creation.

Answer

Validate the templates, then upload the nested stack template, then create the parent template, then create the stack, then monitor the stack creation.

Answer

Upload the nested stack template, then create the parent template, then create the stack, then validate the templates, then monitor the stack creation.

Question 11

Match each AWS security and identity service to its function.

Accepted Answer

IAM: Manage user identities and permissions. IAM handles access control, AWS Organizations manages multi-account structure, and AWS Shield protects against DDoS attacks. The distractors incorrectly swap these definitions.

Answer

IAM: Protect against DDoS attacks

Answer

AWS Organizations: Manage user identities and permissions

Answer

AWS Shield: Centrally manage multiple AWS accounts

Question 12

A company uses AWS KMS to encrypt data in S3. They want to audit who used which KMS key and when. Which AWS service should they use?

Accepted Answer

AWS CloudTrail. AWS CloudTrail is the correct service because it records all AWS KMS API calls, including the key ID, the principal who made the request, the time of the request, and the source IP address. These logs are delivered to an S3 bucket and can be queried using CloudTrail Insights or Athena to audit KMS key usage for S3 decryption events.

Answer

Amazon CloudWatch

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Amazon GuardDuty

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AWS Config

Question 13

A company is using AWS Organizations with multiple accounts. The security team wants to enforce that all S3 buckets have encryption enabled. They need a preventive control that applies to all current and future accounts. Which approach should they use?

Accepted Answer

Use a service control policy (SCP) in the Organizations root to deny PutBucketEncryption actions when encryption settings do not include AES256 or aws:kms.. A service control policy (SCP) applied at the Organizations root can deny the creation or modification of S3 buckets that do not have encryption enabled, specifically requiring AES256 or aws:kms. This is a preventive control that applies to all current and future accounts in the organization, as SCPs are inherited by all accounts and cannot be overridden by IAM policies within those accounts.

Answer

Use AWS Config rules to detect unencrypted buckets and automatically apply encryption using a remediation action.

Answer

Enable AWS CloudTrail to log all S3 API calls and send alerts when non-compliant buckets are created.

Answer

Create an IAM policy in each account that denies PutBucketEncryption unless encryption is enabled.

Question 14

A company wants to centralize audit logs from multiple AWS accounts into a single S3 bucket. The logs must be encrypted at rest and access should be limited to the security team. Which solution is MOST secure and scalable?

Accepted Answer

Create a central S3 bucket with a bucket policy that requires encryption (aws:SecureTransport and SSE-KMS) and restricts access to a security team IAM role.. The most secure and scalable solution is to create a central S3 bucket with a bucket policy that requires encryption (both aws:SecureTransport and SSE-KMS) and restricts access to a security team IAM role. This approach ensures that logs are encrypted in transit and at rest using KMS, which provides centralized key management and audit. Option A is less secure because using IAM roles in each account with S3 default encryption does not enforce encryption at rest and relies on per-account permissions, which is harder to manage at scale. Option B involves cross-region replication, which adds latency and cost, and does not enforce encryption at rest by default. Option D uses CloudWatch Logs and Lambda, which is more complex and does not guarantee encryption at rest in transit without additional configuration, and is less scalable than a direct S3 approach.

Answer

Use an IAM role in each account that grants write access to the central bucket, and use S3 default encryption.

Answer

Configure each account to write logs to its own S3 bucket, then replicate to a central bucket using S3 Cross-Region Replication.

Answer

Use Amazon CloudWatch Logs in each account and export logs to a central S3 bucket using a Lambda function.

Question 15

A company runs a web application on EC2 behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). They want to protect against SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks. Which AWS service should they use?

Accepted Answer

Deploy AWS WAF in front of the ALB and create rules to block SQL injection and XSS.. AWS WAF is a web application firewall that integrates directly with Application Load Balancers to inspect HTTP/HTTPS requests for common attack patterns. It provides managed rule sets specifically designed to block SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks at the application layer, which is exactly what this scenario requires.

Answer

Configure security groups to allow only HTTP/HTTPS traffic.

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Configure network ACLs to block common attack patterns based on IP ranges.

Answer

Enable AWS Shield Advanced to protect the ALB.