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A developer was removed from the 'developers' group but still needs to run commands that require membership in that group. The user has logged out and back in, but the issue persists. What is the most likely cause?
When a user is removed from a supplementary group, the group membership is cached in the user's current login session. Even after logging out and back in, if the user does not explicitly start a new login shell (e.g., by using `su -` or `login`), the old group membership persists…Read full explanation
A system administrator needs to create a user 'john' with a home directory in /data/users and an expiry date of 2025-12-31. Which command accomplishes this?
Option C is correct because the `useradd` command with `-d /data/users` sets the home directory to the specified path, and `-e 2025-12-31` sets the account expiry date in YYYY-MM-DD format. The `-e` flag directly corresponds to the `EXPIRE_DATE` field in `/etc/shadow`, which cont…Read full explanation
An administrator needs to set up a shared directory /project for the group 'projectteam' (GID 5000). All members of the group should be able to create and delete files, but only the file owner can modify their own files. The directory should also ensure that new files inherit the group ownership. Which set of commands achieves this?
Option B is correct because it sets the SGID bit (2770) so new files inherit the group 'projectteam', grants rwx to the group, and uses a default ACL with `setfacl -d -m o::---` to remove 'other' permissions, ensuring only the file owner can modify their own files while group mem…Read full explanation
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