Quick Answer
The answer is a Cloud VPN gateway, a BGP peer on the on-premises router, and a Cloud Router. The Cloud VPN gateway is required because it serves as the Google Cloud-side termination point for the encrypted tunnel, handling all IPsec encapsulation and decapsulation; without it, there is no secure endpoint in GCP to establish the VPN connection. The Cloud Router is essential for dynamic routing as it manages BGP sessions and exchanges routes with the on-premises peer, while the on-premises BGP peer must be configured to advertise and receive routes over the tunnel. On the Google Professional Cloud Network Engineer exam, this tests your understanding that static routes are not used with dynamic routing—a common trap is forgetting the Cloud Router, as candidates often assume the VPN gateway alone handles routing. A helpful memory tip is "Gateway, Router, Peer"—the three pillars of a dynamic Cloud VPN.
This PCNE practice question tests your understanding of designing, planning, and prototyping a gcp network. Read the scenario carefully and evaluate each option against the stated constraints before committing to an answer. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
Which THREE components are required to set up a Cloud VPN with dynamic routing (BGP) between an on-premises network and Google Cloud?
Cloud VPN gateway
The VPN gateway terminates the VPN tunnel on the Google Cloud side.
Cloud Router
Cloud Router manages BGP sessions and routes.
Cloud NAT
Why wrong: Cloud NAT is for outbound internet access, not VPN.
BGP peer on the on-premises router
The on-premises router must be configured as a BGP peer.
Static routes for the remote network
Why wrong: Dynamic routing uses BGP; static routes are not needed.
Answer choices
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Cloud VPN gateway
A Cloud VPN gateway is required because it acts as the Google Cloud-side endpoint for the VPN tunnel, handling the encryption and encapsulation of traffic. Without a VPN gateway, there is no secure tunnel termination point in GCP, making it impossible to establish the VPN connection.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
Cloud VPN gateway
Cloud Router
Why this is correct
Cloud Router manages BGP sessions and routes.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Cloud NAT
BGP peer on the on-premises router
Why this is correct
The on-premises router must be configured as a BGP peer.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Static routes for the remote network
Why it's wrong here
Dynamic routing uses BGP; static routes are not needed.
Common exam traps
The trap here is that candidates often confuse Cloud NAT as a required component for VPN connectivity, but Cloud NAT is unrelated to VPN tunnel establishment or BGP routing.
Detailed technical explanation
When using dynamic routing with BGP, the Cloud Router manages the BGP session and route exchange, advertising and learning routes via the VPN tunnel. The on-premises router must be configured as a BGP peer with its own ASN and IP address, and the Cloud Router uses the BGP session to propagate VPC subnet routes and on-premises routes dynamically, eliminating the need for static route configuration. This setup supports route-based VPNs and allows for automatic failover in HA VPN configurations.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
A healthcare organisation deploys an application with a public-facing web tier and a private database tier. The database subnet has no public IP and only accepts connections from the web tier's security group. Questions like this test whether you can design cloud network isolation using VNets/VPCs, subnets, and security group rules.
What to study next
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FAQ
Designing, planning, and prototyping a GCP network — This question tests Designing, planning, and prototyping a GCP network — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
The correct answer is: Cloud VPN gateway — A Cloud VPN gateway is required because it acts as the Google Cloud-side endpoint for the VPN tunnel, handling the encryption and encapsulation of traffic. Without a VPN gateway, there is no secure tunnel termination point in GCP, making it impossible to establish the VPN connection.
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Last reviewed: Jun 11, 2026
This PCNE practice question is part of Courseiva's free Google Cloud certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the PCNE exam.
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