FC0-U61 IT Concepts and Terminology — 30 Questions

Question 1

A user reports that their computer is running slowly and the hard drive activity light is constantly on. The technician checks Task Manager and sees that disk usage is at 100%. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Insufficient RAM causing the system to use the hard drive as virtual memory excessively. When RAM is insufficient, the operating system compensates by using a portion of the hard drive as virtual memory (the page file). This causes constant swapping of data between RAM and the disk, resulting in 100% disk usage and a continuously active hard drive light. Task Manager would show high disk usage even if the CPU and memory percentages appear moderate.

Answer

Malware infection that is encrypting files in the background

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A failing hard drive that needs to be replaced immediately

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The hard drive is almost full and needs to be defragmented

Question 2

A technician is setting up a small office network. Which device should be used to connect multiple computers and allow them to communicate with each other?

Accepted Answer

Switch. A switch operates at Layer 2 of the OSI model and uses MAC addresses to forward frames only to the specific port where the destination device is connected. This allows multiple computers on the same local network to communicate directly with each other without unnecessary traffic, making it the correct device for interconnecting computers in a small office LAN.

Answer

Router

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Modem

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Hub

Question 3

A user wants to ensure that a document cannot be edited by others. Which file property should be set?

Accepted Answer

Read-only. The read-only property prevents users from modifying or deleting the file's contents, as it restricts write access to the file. When set, any attempt to edit and save the document will result in an error unless the file is saved with a new name or the property is cleared. This is the standard file attribute used in Windows and other operating systems to enforce write protection at the file system level.

Answer

Archive

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Hidden

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System

Question 4

A company wants to implement a solution that allows employees to access internal applications from home without installing software on their personal devices. Which technology should be used?

Accepted Answer

Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI). VDI provides hosted virtual desktops that users can access from any device, including personal ones, without installing software locally. The applications run on the server, and only screen updates are sent to the client, meeting the requirement of no software installation on personal devices.

Answer

Remote Desktop Services (RDS)

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Thin client

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Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Question 5

A technician is troubleshooting a user's inability to access the internet. The user can ping the default gateway but cannot ping external websites. What is the most likely issue?

Accepted Answer

DNS server is not configured or is unreachable. The user can ping the default gateway, which confirms that the local network configuration (IP address, subnet mask, and gateway) is correct and that Layer 3 connectivity to the router is working. However, pinging external websites fails because the DNS server is not configured or unreachable, preventing the resolution of domain names to IP addresses. This is a classic symptom: internal connectivity works, but name resolution fails.

Answer

Firewall is blocking all outbound traffic

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Default gateway is down

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IP address is misconfigured

Question 6

A database administrator needs to ensure that a transaction either completes fully or not at all. Which property of database transactions is this?

Accepted Answer

Atomicity. Atomicity ensures that a transaction is treated as a single, indivisible unit of work: either all of its operations are committed successfully, or none are applied. This is the 'all-or-nothing' property described in the ACID model. If any part of the transaction fails, the database management system (DBMS) rolls back the entire transaction, leaving the database unchanged.

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Isolation

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Consistency

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Durability

Question 7

A company is designing a disaster recovery plan. They need to restore operations within 4 hours and can tolerate up to 1 hour of data loss. Which combination of Recovery Time Objective (RTO) and Recovery Point Objective (RPO) should they set?

Accepted Answer

RTO = 4 hours, RPO = 1 hour. The Recovery Time Objective (RTO) defines the maximum acceptable downtime to restore operations, which is 4 hours. The Recovery Point Objective (RPO) defines the maximum acceptable data loss measured in time, which is 1 hour. Option A correctly matches these requirements: RTO = 4 hours and RPO = 1 hour.

Answer

RTO = 2 hours, RPO = 1 hour

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RTO = 4 hours, RPO = 4 hours

Answer

RTO = 1 hour, RPO = 4 hours

Question 8

A software developer is writing a script that needs to run a set of instructions repeatedly until a condition is met. Which programming construct should be used?

Accepted Answer

While loop. A while loop is the correct construct because it repeatedly executes a block of code as long as a specified condition remains true. This is ideal for scenarios where the number of iterations is not known in advance and depends on a dynamic condition, such as waiting for a file to appear or a network response.

Answer

For loop

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If-else statement

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Function definition

Question 9

A system administrator is reviewing a security policy that specifies that users must be uniquely identified and access must be audited. Which principle of the CIA triad is being addressed?

Accepted Answer

Accountability. The scenario describes a security policy requiring unique identification and auditing of access. These are the core components of accountability, which ensures that actions can be traced back to a specific user. While accountability is not one of the three classic CIA triad principles (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability), it is often considered an extension or supporting principle that relies on identification, authentication, and audit logs to enforce non-repudiation.

Answer

Availability

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Integrity

Answer

Confidentiality

Question 10

Which TWO of the following are types of cloud computing service models?

Accepted Answer

Platform as a Service (PaaS). Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a cloud computing service model that provides a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications without the complexity of building and maintaining the underlying infrastructure. It includes operating systems, middleware, development tools, and database management, enabling developers to focus solely on coding and deploying applications.

Answer

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

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Local Area Network (LAN)

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On-Premises

Question 11

Which TWO of the following are best practices for creating strong passwords?

Accepted Answer

Avoid using dictionary words or common phrases. Option B is correct because strong passwords should avoid dictionary words or common phrases, as these are vulnerable to dictionary attacks where attackers use precomputed lists of common words and phrases to crack passwords. Using such patterns significantly reduces the entropy of the password, making it easier to guess or brute-force.

Answer

Use a common pattern like 'password123'

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Use easily remembered personal information like birth dates

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Write the password on a sticky note and attach it to the monitor

Question 12

Which THREE of the following are characteristics of a relational database?

Accepted Answer

Data is stored in tables with rows and columns. A relational database organizes data into tables, where each table consists of rows (records) and columns (attributes). This tabular structure enforces a fixed schema and allows relationships between tables to be defined and queried efficiently. Option B correctly identifies this fundamental characteristic.

Answer

Schema-less design allows flexible data structures

Answer

Uses a document-based model like JSON

Question 13

Refer to the exhibit. A user can ping 192.168.1.1 but cannot ping 8.8.8.8. What is most likely the issue?

Accepted Answer

The default gateway is not forwarding traffic to external networks. The user can ping the local gateway (192.168.1.1), which confirms that the local IP configuration, subnet mask, and ARP resolution are working correctly. However, the inability to ping 8.8.8.8 (a public IP) indicates that traffic is not being routed beyond the local subnet. The most likely cause is that the default gateway is either misconfigured, down, or not performing IP forwarding to external networks, as the gateway is the router responsible for forwarding packets destined outside the local network.

Answer

IP address is invalid

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Subnet mask is incorrect

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DNS server is not configured

Question 14

Refer to the exhibit. A technician is investigating a computer that randomly restarts. Based on the log, what should the technician check?

Accepted Answer

Power supply and connections. The log shows a 'Kernel-Power' event (ID 41) with no clear error before the restart, which typically indicates an unexpected loss of power. This points directly to a failing power supply or loose connections, as the system cannot maintain stable voltage under load. Checking the power supply and its connections is the first step in diagnosing random restarts caused by power instability.

Answer

CPU cooling fan for proper operation

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Recently installed device drivers

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Memory modules for errors

Question 15

Refer to the exhibit. A technician sees an established connection to an external IP on port 443 from PID 3400. What is the most likely purpose of this connection?

Accepted Answer

Secure web browsing (HTTPS). Port 443 is the default port for HTTPS (HTTP over TLS/SSL), which is used for secure web browsing. PID 3400 indicates a specific process, likely a web browser or an application making an encrypted HTTPS connection to an external IP. This matches the purpose of secure web browsing.

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File sharing over SMB

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Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) session

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Email submission (SMTP)

Question 16

A small business has a single server running Windows Server 2019 that acts as a domain controller, file server, and DHCP server. The server has a single network interface with IP address 192.168.1.10/24. The office has 30 client computers running Windows 10. All clients obtain IP addresses automatically. The network uses a single unmanaged switch. The internet connection is provided by a cable modem with IP 192.168.1.1. The server is configured with a static IP of 192.168.1.10, and the DHCP scope is 192.168.1.100-192.168.1.200. Recently, users have reported that they cannot access the internet. The technician checks that the cable modem is online and that the server can ping the modem. The technician runs 'ipconfig /all' on a client and sees: IP: 192.168.1.101, Subnet: 255.255.255.0, Default Gateway: 192.168.1.10, DNS: 192.168.1.10. The client can ping the server (192.168.1.10) but cannot ping the modem (192.168.1.1). What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Change the DHCP scope option for the default gateway to 192.168.1.1. The correct answer is D. The DHCP scope is configured with the default gateway option set to 192.168.1.10 (the server's IP), but the actual default gateway for internet access is the cable modem at 192.168.1.1. Since clients receive their gateway via DHCP, they are sending all off-subnet traffic to the server, which is not configured to route to the internet. Changing the DHCP scope option for the default gateway to 192.168.1.1 will allow clients to route internet traffic through the modem.

Answer

Disable the Windows Firewall on the server to allow traffic

Answer

Replace the cable modem as it is not routing traffic correctly

Answer

Configure the DNS server to forward queries to 8.8.8.8

Question 17

A hospital uses a legacy application that runs on a Windows 7 workstation. The application stores patient data in a local database. The IT department is migrating all workstations to Windows 10. The legacy application is not compatible with Windows 10. The hospital needs to continue using the application and ensure patient data is accessible from the new workstations. The application requires a dedicated workstation due to licensing. Which solution should the IT department implement?

Accepted Answer

Install a virtual machine with Windows 7 on a Windows 10 workstation and run the application in the VM. Option C is correct because running a virtual machine (VM) with Windows 7 on a Windows 10 workstation allows the legacy application to operate in its native OS environment without hardware compatibility issues. The VM isolates the application and its local database, ensuring patient data remains accessible from the new workstation while satisfying the dedicated workstation licensing requirement by using a single physical host.

Answer

Keep the old Windows 7 workstation on the network for the application and use it as is

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Upgrade the legacy application to a version that supports Windows 10

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Set up a dual-boot configuration on the new workstation to boot into Windows 7 when needed

Question 18

Which TWO of the following are examples of volatile memory?

Accepted Answer

RAM. RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile because it requires constant electrical power to retain data; once the system is powered off, all stored information is lost. This characteristic makes RAM ideal for temporary storage of actively used data and program instructions during operation.

Answer

Hard Drive

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SSD

Answer

ROM

Question 19

A user reports being unable to access the internet, but can reach other devices on the local network. Based on the exhibit, what is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

The DNS server is not reachable.. Since the user can reach other devices on the local network but cannot access the internet, the issue is likely with the default gateway or DNS resolution. Option D is correct because if the DNS server is unreachable, the user can still communicate with local devices via IP addresses but cannot resolve domain names to access internet resources. The exhibit likely shows a valid IP address and subnet mask, but the DNS server address is missing or incorrect, preventing name resolution.

Answer

The default gateway is missing.

Answer

The IP address is in the wrong subnet.

Answer

The subnet mask is incorrect.

Question 20

You are a support technician for a small company. An employee reports that their desktop computer will not turn on. You have verified that the power cable is securely connected to both the computer and the wall outlet. When you press the power button, you hear a faint clicking sound but the computer does not start. The power supply fan does not spin, and there are no lights on the motherboard. You have tested the wall outlet with a known working device and it provides power. What is the most likely cause of the issue?

Accepted Answer

The power supply is faulty.. The correct answer is C because the symptoms—faint clicking sound, no fan spin, no motherboard lights, and confirmed wall outlet power—strongly indicate a power supply failure. The clicking sound often comes from a relay or overload protection circuit inside the PSU attempting to start but failing due to internal component damage or short circuit. A faulty power supply cannot deliver the necessary voltages (e.g., +3.3V, +5V, +12V) to power the system, explaining the complete lack of activity.

Answer

The CPU is overheated.

Answer

The power button is not connected properly.

Answer

The motherboard has failed.