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CCNA Project Life Cycle Questions

75 of 161 questions · Page 1/3 · Project Life Cycle · Answers revealed

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1
MCQhard

In a project, the critical path has a duration of 100 days. Activity X on the critical path has a duration of 10 days and can be crashed to 7 days at an additional cost of $3,000. What is the crash cost per day for Activity X?

A.$1,000 per day
B.$500 per day
C.$3,000 per day
D.$300 per day
AnswerA

Correct: $3,000 / 3 days = $1,000 per day.

Why this answer

Crash cost per day = (crash cost - normal cost) / (normal duration - crash duration). Assuming normal cost is zero incremental, crash cost per day = $3,000 / (10-7) = $1,000 per day.

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2
Multi-Selecthard

During project execution, the project manager notices that the team is struggling with communication, and key stakeholders are not receiving timely updates. Which THREE documents should the project manager review to improve the situation? (Select THREE).

Select 3 answers
A.Risk register
B.Issue log
C.Work Breakdown Structure
D.Communication management plan
E.Stakeholder register
AnswersB, D, E

The issue log tracks current problems, including communication issues.

Why this answer

The communication management plan defines how communications are handled; the stakeholder register identifies stakeholders and their needs; the issue log tracks current problems. The risk register lists risks, not communication issues. The WBS is for scope.

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3
MCQmedium

A project manager is estimating the cost of a software development project. Using data from a similar past project, she adjusts for size and complexity. Which estimation technique is she using?

A.Bottom-up estimation
B.Parametric estimation
C.Analogous estimation
D.Three-point estimation
AnswerC

Analogous uses historical data from similar projects.

Why this answer

Analogous estimation uses historical data from similar projects, adjusted for differences.

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4
MCQhard

During project execution, a team member identifies a potential risk that was not included in the risk register. The project manager logs it and begins the risk assessment process. Where should this risk be recorded?

A.Risk register
B.Issue log
C.Change request log
D.Lessons learned
AnswerA

The risk register documents all identified risks and their analysis.

Why this answer

Newly identified risks are added to the risk register for assessment and response planning.

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5
Multi-Selecteasy

Which TWO documents are typically created during the project initiating phase?

Select 2 answers
A.Stakeholder register
B.Status report
C.Project charter
D.Work breakdown structure
E.Risk register
AnswersA, C

Created during initiating.

Why this answer

The project charter and stakeholder register are created during initiating. The WBS and risk register are planning outputs; the status report is from monitoring and controlling.

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6
Multi-Selectmedium

A project has a CPI of 0.9 and an SPI of 1.1. Which two statements are true? (Select TWO.)

Select 2 answers
A.The project is on schedule.
B.The project is ahead of schedule.
C.The project is under budget.
D.The project is behind schedule.
E.The project is over budget.
AnswersB, E

SPI > 1 indicates ahead of schedule.

Why this answer

CPI < 1 means over budget; SPI > 1 means ahead of schedule.

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7
MCQmedium

Which of the following is the primary purpose of a feasibility study during the initiating phase?

A.To develop a communication plan
B.To identify all project risks
C.To create a detailed project schedule
D.To determine if the project is viable
AnswerD

Feasibility study evaluates viability.

Why this answer

A feasibility study assesses whether the project is viable and worth doing.

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8
Multi-Selectmedium

A project manager is analyzing the critical path of a network diagram. Which TWO statements about the critical path are true?

Select 2 answers
A.Delaying a critical path activity delays the project.
B.Critical path activities can have negative float.
C.Activities on the critical path have positive float.
D.There can be only one critical path.
E.It has the longest duration in the project.
AnswersA, E

Any delay on critical path delays project.

Why this answer

The critical path has the longest duration and zero float. Any delay on the critical path delays the project.

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9
MCQmedium

A project manager is estimating costs for a new project using a top-down approach based on historical data from a similar project. Which estimation technique is being used?

A.Three-point estimation
B.Analogous estimation
C.Bottom-up estimation
D.Parametric estimation
AnswerB

Analogous uses historical data from similar projects.

Why this answer

Analogous estimation uses historical data from similar projects as a basis.

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10
MCQmedium

A project manager is using the power/interest grid to classify stakeholders. Which group should be managed most closely because they have high power and high interest?

A.Keep satisfied
B.Monitor
C.Manage closely
D.Keep informed
AnswerC

Correct: high power, high interest stakeholders require close management.

Why this answer

Stakeholders with high power and high interest are key players who require close management to keep them engaged and satisfied.

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11
Multi-Selectmedium

A project manager is preparing a request for proposal (RFP) for a vendor to provide specialized equipment. Which THREE items should be included in the RFP?

Select 3 answers
A.Company's financial statements
B.Technical specifications of the equipment
C.Statement of work (SOW)
D.Detailed payment terms and conditions
E.Evaluation criteria for selecting the vendor
AnswersB, C, E

Correct. Specifications are essential for vendors to propose appropriate solutions.

Why this answer

An RFP includes a statement of work (SOW) describing the work, technical specifications, and evaluation criteria for selecting the vendor. Payment terms are part of the contract, not typically in RFP, and company financial data is not required.

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12
MCQmedium

A change request is submitted to add a new feature to a project. What is the first step the project manager should take?

A.Implement the change
B.Perform impact analysis
C.Update the project plan
D.Submit to change control board
AnswerB

Impact analysis is the first step in change control.

Why this answer

The first step is to perform an impact analysis to understand the effects on scope, schedule, cost, etc.

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13
MCQeasy

A project manager receives a status report showing that the project's SPI is 0.9. What does this indicate?

A.The project is over budget
B.The project is behind schedule
C.The project is on schedule
D.The project is ahead of schedule
AnswerB

SPI < 1 indicates behind schedule.

Why this answer

SPI (Schedule Performance Index) = EV / PV. An SPI less than 1 means the project is behind schedule. 0.9 indicates that for every planned unit of work, only 0.9 units have been completed.

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14
MCQmedium

A project manager is analyzing stakeholders and categorizes a key executive who has high power and high interest. According to the power/interest grid, how should the project manager engage this stakeholder?

A.Keep informed
B.Monitor
C.Manage closely
D.Keep satisfied
AnswerC

High power and high interest stakeholders require active management.

Why this answer

Stakeholders with high power and high interest should be managed closely, as they are key players.

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15
MCQmedium

During project planning, the project manager creates a network diagram. Activity A has a duration of 5 days, Activity B has a duration of 3 days, and Activity C has a duration of 4 days. Activities A and B can start immediately. Activity C can start only after Activity A is complete. Activity B has no dependency on others. What is the duration of the critical path?

A.7 days
B.8 days
C.9 days
D.12 days
AnswerC

Correct: A-C sequence takes 5+4=9 days, which is the longest path.

Why this answer

The critical path is the longest path through the network. Path A-C: 5+4=9 days. Path B: 3 days.

The critical path is A-C with 9 days.

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16
MCQeasy

A project manager identifies a key stakeholder who has high interest in the project but low power to influence decisions. In the power/interest grid, where should this stakeholder be placed?

A.Manage closely
B.Keep satisfied
C.Monitor
D.Keep informed
AnswerD

Keep informed is for high interest, low power.

Why this answer

High interest, low power stakeholders should be kept informed.

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17
MCQmedium

Which contract type places the most cost risk on the seller?

A.Fixed-price
B.Cost-reimbursable
C.Time and materials
D.Cost plus incentive fee
AnswerA

Seller bears cost overruns.

Why this answer

A fixed-price contract puts cost risk on the seller because the price is fixed regardless of actual costs.

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18
MCQmedium

A project manager is creating a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). Which technique is used to break down deliverables into smaller, manageable components?

A.Decomposition
B.Bottom-up estimating
C.Precedence diagramming
D.Rolling wave planning
AnswerA

Correct: decomposition breaks down deliverables.

Why this answer

Decomposition is the process of subdividing project deliverables into smaller work packages.

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19
MCQmedium

A project manager is estimating the cost of a software development project. She uses the actual cost of a similar past project and adjusts it for known differences in size and complexity. Which cost estimation technique is she using?

A.Parametric estimation
B.Three-point estimation
C.Bottom-up estimation
D.Analogous estimation
AnswerD

Correct. Analogous estimation uses a similar past project as a basis and adjusts for differences.

Why this answer

Analogous estimation uses historical data from similar projects as a basis for the current project's cost estimate. It is a top-down technique often used when detailed project information is limited.

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20
MCQmedium

A project manager uses a power/interest grid to categorize stakeholders. Stakeholders with high power and low interest should be managed using which approach?

A.Manage closely
B.Keep informed
C.Keep satisfied
D.Monitor
AnswerC

Keep satisfied is for high power, low interest.

Why this answer

High power, low interest stakeholders need to be kept satisfied to prevent them from using their power against the project.

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21
Multi-Selectmedium

A project manager is conducting a lessons learned session at the end of a project. Which TWO activities are typically performed during project closure? (Select two.)

Select 2 answers
A.Archiving project documents
B.Developing the project charter
C.Creating the work breakdown structure
D.Performing risk identification
E.Obtaining formal acceptance from the sponsor
AnswersA, E

Documents are archived for future reference.

Why this answer

Formal acceptance from the sponsor and archiving project documents are key closure activities.

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22
MCQhard

A project has an Earned Value (EV) of $50,000, Planned Value (PV) of $60,000, and Actual Cost (AC) of $55,000. Which TWO statements are true regarding the project's performance? (Choose two.)

A.The project is ahead of schedule.
B.The project is over budget.
C.The project is behind schedule.
D.The project is under budget.
AnswerB, C

CPI = 0.91 < 1, so over budget.

Why this answer

SPI = EV/PV = 50/60 = 0.83 (<1, behind schedule). CPI = EV/AC = 50/55 = 0.91 (<1, over budget).

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23
MCQeasy

Which document is used to formally accept the project deliverables and signify project closure?

A.Project charter
B.Scope statement
C.Formal acceptance
D.Lessons learned
AnswerC

Formal acceptance documents sign-off.

Why this answer

Formal acceptance from the sponsor or customer is a key closing activity.

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24
MCQhard

A project has a budget at completion (BAC) of $200,000. The earned value (EV) is $100,000, actual cost (AC) is $120,000, and planned value (PV) is $90,000. What is the estimate at completion (EAC) if the project will continue to perform at the current cost performance index (CPI)?

A.$200,000
B.$220,000
C.$260,000
D.$240,000
AnswerD

EAC = BAC/CPI = 200,000 / (100,000/120,000) = 240,000.

Why this answer

CPI = EV/AC = 100,000/120,000 = 0.833. EAC = BAC/CPI = 200,000/0.833 = 240,000.

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25
MCQeasy

In which Tuckman stage do team members begin to resolve their differences, establish norms, and develop closer relationships?

A.Storming
B.Norming
C.Performing
D.Forming
AnswerB

Norming is when the team resolves differences and establishes norms.

Why this answer

Norming is when the team starts to work together more cohesively and establish norms.

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26
MCQeasy

During which phase of the project life cycle is the project charter created and stakeholders initially identified?

A.Initiating
B.Closing
C.Executing
D.Planning
AnswerA

The initiating phase authorizes the project and identifies stakeholders.

Why this answer

The project charter is created during the Initiating phase, which also includes stakeholder identification.

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27
MCQhard

A project manager is reviewing the project schedule. Activity A has an early start (ES) of day 1 and an early finish (EF) of day 5. Activity B has an ES of day 6 and an EF of day 10. Activity C has a duration of 2 days and depends on both A and B. What is the total float of Activity B if the project must be completed by day 12?

A.2 days
B.0 days
C.1 day
D.3 days
AnswerB

Correct. Since C depends on B, B's late finish equals C's late start. With a project deadline of day 12 and C requiring 2 days (to start at day 10 and end at day 12), B's late finish is day 10, giving zero float.

Why this answer

Activity B has an early finish of 10. Activity C has a duration of 2 days and cannot start until both A and B are complete. Using a backward pass from the project deadline of day 12: C's late finish is 12, so its late start is 10.

Therefore, B must finish by day 10 to not delay C. Total float = Late Finish (10) - Early Finish (10) = 0 days.

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28
MCQhard

A project has a cost performance index (CPI) of 1.2 and a schedule performance index (SPI) of 0.8. What does this indicate about the project?

A.Over budget and behind schedule
B.Over budget and ahead of schedule
C.Under budget and behind schedule
D.Under budget and ahead of schedule
AnswerC

CPI=1.2 indicates under budget; SPI=0.8 indicates behind schedule.

Why this answer

CPI > 1 means under budget, SPI < 1 means behind schedule.

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29
MCQeasy

A project manager is leading a cross-functional team that is working together for the first time. The team members are polite but hesitant to share ideas. According to Tuckman's stages of group development, which stage is the team currently in?

A.Norming
B.Storming
C.Performing
D.Forming
AnswerD

Forming is the initial stage where team members are polite and hesitant.

Why this answer

The team is in the forming stage, characterized by politeness and uncertainty.

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30
MCQhard

A project manager identifies a risk that could cause a $50,000 loss with a 20% probability. What is the expected monetary value (EMV) of this risk?

A.$10,000
B.$100,000
C.$50,000
D.$25,000
AnswerA

EMV = 20% × $50,000 = $10,000.

Why this answer

EMV = Probability × Impact = 0.20 × $50,000 = $10,000.

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31
MCQmedium

In a network diagram using PDM, activity B can start only after activity A has finished. Which dependency type does this represent?

A.Finish-to-Finish (FF)
B.Start-to-Finish (SF)
C.Finish-to-Start (FS)
D.Start-to-Start (SS)
AnswerC

FS means the successor cannot start until the predecessor finishes.

Why this answer

Finish-to-Start (FS) is the most common dependency, where the successor activity cannot start until the predecessor activity has finished.

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32
MCQmedium

A project manager is assigning stakeholders to quadrants on a power/interest grid. Which stakeholders require the most active management?

A.Low power, low interest
B.High power, low interest
C.Low power, high interest
D.High power, high interest
AnswerD

These are 'Manage Closely' and require the most active management.

Why this answer

High power, high interest stakeholders are in the 'Manage Closely' quadrant and need the most attention.

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33
Multi-Selecthard

During project closure, which three activities should be performed? (Select THREE)

Select 3 answers
A.Obtain formal acceptance
B.Conduct lessons learned
C.Develop project charter
D.Archive project documents
E.Create risk register
AnswersA, B, D

Formal sign-off is required for closure.

Why this answer

Closure activities include lessons learned, obtaining formal acceptance, and archiving project documents.

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34
MCQeasy

In the stakeholder power/interest grid, stakeholders with high power and low interest should be managed using which strategy?

A.Keep informed
B.Manage closely
C.Monitor
D.Keep satisfied
AnswerD

High power, low interest stakeholders should be kept satisfied.

Why this answer

According to the power/interest grid, stakeholders with high power and low interest should be kept satisfied to maintain their support.

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35
Multi-Selectmedium

During project planning, the project manager is creating a risk register. Which THREE pieces of information are typically included in a risk register? (Select three.)

Select 3 answers
A.Risk description
B.Probability and impact assessment
C.Actual cost of the project
D.Risk response plan
E.Team member assignments
AnswersA, B, D

A description of the risk is included.

Why this answer

Risk register includes risk description, probability and impact assessment, and response plan.

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36
MCQmedium

A project manager is estimating the cost of a new software development project. She uses the actual cost of a similar past project and adjusts for differences in size and complexity. Which estimation technique is she using?

A.Three-point estimation
B.Parametric estimation
C.Bottom-up estimation
D.Analogous estimation
AnswerD

Correct: analogous uses similar past projects as a basis.

Why this answer

Analogous estimation uses historical data from similar projects to estimate costs or durations.

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37
MCQmedium

A project manager is developing a network diagram for a software rollout. Activity D (3 days) can start only after Activity C (2 days) finishes, and Activity E (4 days) can start when Activity C starts. Activities D and E must both finish before Activity F (1 day) begins. What type of dependency exists between Activity C and Activity E?

A.Start-to-Start (SS)
B.Start-to-Finish (SF)
C.Finish-to-Start (FS)
D.Finish-to-Finish (FF)
AnswerA

E can start when C starts, which matches SS.

Why this answer

Start-to-start (SS) means the successor activity can start when the predecessor starts. Activity E starts when Activity C starts, so it's SS.

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38
MCQmedium

In which project management process group is the project charter formally approved, giving the project manager authority to allocate resources?

A.Planning
B.Executing
C.Monitoring and Controlling
D.Initiating
AnswerD

The project charter is approved in Initiating, authorizing the project.

Why this answer

The project charter is created and approved in the Initiating process group.

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39
MCQeasy

During which project phase is the project charter created?

A.Executing
B.Initiating
C.Planning
D.Closing
AnswerB

The charter is created during initiation to authorize the project.

Why this answer

The project charter is created in the initiating phase to authorize the project and define high-level objectives.

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40
MCQmedium

In a precedence diagramming method (PDM) network, a successor activity cannot start until its predecessor activity has started. Which type of dependency does this represent?

A.Start-to-finish (SF)
B.Finish-to-finish (FF)
C.Finish-to-start (FS)
D.Start-to-start (SS)
AnswerD

SS means successor cannot start until predecessor starts.

Why this answer

Start-to-start (SS) means the successor cannot start until the predecessor has started.

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41
Multi-Selectmedium

A project manager is updating the risk register and plans to respond to a high-priority risk. Which THREE are examples of proactive risk response strategies?

Select 3 answers
A.Exploit
B.Mitigate
C.Avoid
D.Transfer
E.Accept
AnswersB, C, D

Mitigate is a proactive strategy to reduce the probability or impact of a negative risk.

Why this answer

The proactive risk response strategies for negative risks are Avoid, Mitigate, and Transfer. Accept is a valid strategy for negative risks but is a passive response, not proactive. Exploit is a strategy for positive risks (opportunities).

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42
MCQhard

A project is in the monitoring and controlling phase. The project manager is reviewing the earned value metrics: EV = $50,000, PV = $60,000, AC = $55,000. Which of the following statements is correct?

A.The project is over budget and behind schedule.
B.The project is over budget and ahead of schedule.
C.The project is under budget and ahead of schedule.
D.The project is under budget and behind schedule.
AnswerA

CPI=0.91 (<1) over budget; SPI=0.83 (<1) behind schedule.

Why this answer

SPI = EV/PV = 50,000/60,000 = 0.83, indicating behind schedule. CPI = EV/AC = 50,000/55,000 = 0.91, indicating over budget.

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43
MCQhard

A project has earned value (EV) of $50,000, planned value (PV) of $60,000, and actual cost (AC) of $55,000. What is the cost performance index (CPI)?

A.0.83
B.1.10
C.0.91
D.1.20
AnswerC

CPI = EV/AC = 50000/55000 ≈ 0.91.

Why this answer

CPI = EV/AC = 50000/55000 = 0.91.

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44
MCQhard

In a network diagram, Activity A has a duration of 5 days, Activity B has 3 days, and Activity C has 4 days. Activity A and B can start simultaneously, but Activity C cannot start until both A and B are complete. What is the critical path duration?

A.7 days
B.8 days
C.12 days
D.9 days
AnswerD

A->C is 5+4=9 days, which is the longest path.

Why this answer

The critical path is the longest path: A->C (5+4=9) or B->C (3+4=7), so the longest is 9 days.

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45
MCQeasy

Which document formally authorizes the project and assigns the project manager?

A.Business case
B.Project charter
C.Project scope statement
D.Project plan
AnswerB

Correct: the charter authorizes the project.

Why this answer

The project charter is the document that formally authorizes the project, assigns the project manager, and provides high-level requirements.

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46
MCQeasy

A project manager has identified a risk that could cause a $50,000 loss with a 20% probability. What is the Expected Monetary Value (EMV) of this risk?

A.$50,000
B.$10,000
C.$40,000
D.$25,000
AnswerB

Correct calculation: 0.20 × $50,000 = $10,000.

Why this answer

EMV = Probability × Impact = 20% × $50,000 = $10,000. This is a quantitative risk analysis technique.

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47
MCQmedium

A project team is in the storming stage of Tuckman's model. Which behavior is most likely observed?

A.Team members feel a sense of closure.
B.Team members work together efficiently.
C.Team members challenge each other's ideas.
D.Team members are polite and avoid conflict.
AnswerC

Storming involves conflict and challenge.

Why this answer

Storming is characterized by conflict and disagreements as team members express differing opinions.

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48
MCQhard

During project execution, a vendor is hired to provide specialized services. The contract is structured so that the vendor is paid for all allowable costs plus a fixed fee. Which type of contract is this?

A.Time and Materials (T&M) contract
B.Lump-sum contract
C.Fixed-price contract
D.Cost-reimbursable contract
AnswerD

Cost-reimbursable contracts pay allowable costs plus a fee.

Why this answer

Cost-reimbursable contracts pay the seller for all legitimate costs plus a fee. A cost-plus-fixed-fee (CPFF) is a specific type where the fee is fixed, providing cost reimbursement plus a predetermined fee.

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49
MCQeasy

A project manager is creating a document that formally authorizes the project and assigns the project manager. This document includes the business case, high-level scope, and budget constraints. What is this document called?

A.Project scope statement
B.Project management plan
C.Business case
D.Project charter
AnswerD

Correct. The project charter formally authorizes the project and establishes the project manager's authority.

Why this answer

The project charter is the document that formally authorizes a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities. It typically includes the business case, high-level scope, budget, schedule, assumptions, and constraints.

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50
MCQhard

A project has three activities on the critical path: A (5 days), B (10 days), C (5 days). Activity D (8 days) has a total float of 3 days. If activity B is delayed by 2 days, what is the new project duration?

A.21 days
B.20 days
C.22 days
D.23 days
AnswerC

Correct: 20 + 2 = 22 days.

Why this answer

Original critical path duration = 5+10+5 = 20 days. Delaying B by 2 days adds 2 days to the critical path, so new duration = 22 days. Float of D doesn't affect critical path.

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51
Multi-Selecthard

A project manager is analyzing the network diagram and identifies that Activity X has a late start (LS) of day 10 and an early start (ES) of day 8. Which TWO statements are true about Activity X? (Select two.)

Select 2 answers
A.The activity is on the critical path.
B.The activity can be delayed by up to 2 days without affecting the project completion date.
C.The total float is -2 days.
D.The activity has free float of 2 days.
E.The total float is 2 days.
AnswersB, E

Total float is the allowable delay.

Why this answer

Total float = LS - ES = 10-8 = 2 days. It is not on the critical path because critical path activities have zero float.

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52
MCQhard

A project has a budget at completion (BAC) of $200,000. The earned value (EV) is $120,000, and the actual cost (AC) is $150,000. What is the estimate to complete (ETC) assuming the project will continue to perform at the same cost efficiency?

A.$100,000
B.$80,000
C.$150,000
D.$120,000
AnswerA

ETC = (BAC - EV)/CPI = 80k/0.8 = 100k.

Why this answer

CPI = EV/AC = 120k/150k = 0.8. ETC = (BAC - EV) / CPI = (200k - 120k) / 0.8 = 80k / 0.8 = $100,000.

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53
MCQmedium

In a network diagram, if Activity B cannot start until Activity A is complete, what type of dependency is this?

A.Finish-to-Finish (FF)
B.Start-to-Start (SS)
C.Finish-to-Start (FS)
D.Start-to-Finish (SF)
AnswerC

FS means the successor cannot start until the predecessor finishes.

Why this answer

Finish-to-Start (FS) is the most common dependency where the successor cannot start until the predecessor finishes.

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54
MCQhard

A project has three activities: Activity A (5 days), Activity B (7 days), Activity C (4 days). Activity B depends on A. Activity C depends on B. What is the total float for Activity B?

A.5 days
B.7 days
C.4 days
D.0 days
AnswerD

Correct. Activity B is on the critical path, so its total float is 0 days.

Why this answer

This is a simple linear network: A (5) -> B (7) -> C (4). The critical path is A-B-C = 5+7+4=16 days. Activity B is on the critical path (no other paths), so its total float is zero.

Total float for any activity on the critical path is zero.

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55
MCQeasy

Which risk response strategy involves taking action to reduce the probability or impact of a risk?

A.Accept
B.Avoid
C.Mitigate
D.Transfer
AnswerC

Correct: mitigation reduces probability or impact.

Why this answer

Mitigation involves reducing the probability or impact of a risk to an acceptable level.

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56
MCQmedium

During project closing, which activity is performed to formally obtain acceptance of the project deliverables from the sponsor or customer?

A.Conducting lessons learned
B.Archiving project documents
C.Releasing resources
D.Obtaining formal acceptance
AnswerD

Correct: Formal acceptance is a key closing activity.

Why this answer

Formal acceptance is documented, often through a sign-off, to confirm that deliverables meet requirements and the project is complete.

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57
MCQmedium

During project planning, the project manager decomposes the project scope into smaller, more manageable components. What is the resulting document called?

A.Scope statement
B.Project charter
C.Work breakdown structure (WBS)
D.Network diagram
AnswerC

The WBS breaks down scope into work packages.

Why this answer

The WBS is a hierarchical decomposition of the total scope into work packages, forming the scope baseline.

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58
Multi-Selectmedium

A project manager is closing a project. Which TWO activities should be performed during project closure? (Select two.)

Select 2 answers
A.Develop the risk register
B.Obtain formal acceptance from the sponsor
C.Conduct feasibility study
D.Create the project charter
E.Archive project documents
AnswersB, E

Formal acceptance is a key closure activity.

Why this answer

During closure, obtaining formal acceptance from the sponsor and archiving project documents are key activities. Releasing resources and contract closure are also part of closure, but the question asks for two. The correct answers are formal acceptance and archiving documents.

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59
MCQeasy

Which document formally authorizes a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources?

A.Project management plan
B.Project charter
C.Project scope statement
D.Work breakdown structure
AnswerB

The charter formally authorizes the project.

Why this answer

The project charter authorizes the project and assigns the project manager.

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60
Multi-Selectmedium

During the planning phase, which three documents are typically created? (Select THREE.)

Select 3 answers
A.Risk register
B.Work Breakdown Structure
C.Project charter
D.Schedule baseline
E.Lessons learned
AnswersA, B, D

Risk register is developed during planning.

Why this answer

The WBS, risk register, and schedule baseline are all created during planning.

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61
MCQhard

A project manager is reviewing the procurement process. Which document is used to invite vendors to submit a proposal for a project?

A.Request for Information (RFI)
B.Statement of Work (SOW)
C.Request for Proposal (RFP)
D.Request for Quotation (RFQ)
AnswerC

RFP is used to invite vendors to submit proposals.

Why this answer

A Request for Proposal (RFP) is used to solicit proposals from vendors.

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62
MCQhard

A project team is decomposing the project scope into work packages. Which of the following best describes the purpose of a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)?

A.To provide a hierarchical representation of all work required to complete the project deliverables
B.To list all project risks and their responses
C.To identify the critical path of the project schedule
D.To define the communication channels among stakeholders
AnswerA

The WBS decomposes the project scope into manageable work packages.

Why this answer

The WBS is a hierarchical decomposition of the total scope of work to be carried out by the project team. It organizes and defines the total scope, with work packages at the lowest level representing deliverables that can be assigned, estimated, and managed.

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63
Multi-Selectmedium

A project manager is closing a project. Which TWO activities are typically performed during the closing phase?

Select 2 answers
A.Performing earned value analysis
B.Creating the risk register
C.Obtaining formal acceptance from the sponsor
D.Archiving project documents
E.Developing the project charter
AnswersC, D

Formal acceptance confirms the project is complete.

Why this answer

Closing activities include obtaining formal acceptance from the sponsor and archiving project documents. Releasing resources and lessons learned are also part of closing, but the question asks for exactly two.

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64
MCQmedium

A project manager needs to communicate project progress to stakeholders who have low power and high interest. Which of the following is the most appropriate communication method?

A.Ad-hoc phone calls
B.Regular email updates
C.Project dashboard posted on the wall
D.Formal presentation to executives
AnswerB

Regular updates keep informed stakeholders engaged.

Why this answer

Low power, high interest stakeholders should be kept informed, so regular email updates are appropriate.

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65
Multi-Selecthard

A project manager is evaluating the cost performance of a project. Which TWO earned value metrics should be used to determine if the project is over budget?

Select 2 answers
A.Schedule variance (SV)
B.Estimate at completion (EAC)
C.Schedule performance index (SPI)
D.Cost variance (CV)
E.Cost performance index (CPI)
AnswersD, E

Negative CV indicates over budget.

Why this answer

Cost variance (CV) and cost performance index (CPI) both indicate cost performance. CV = EV - AC; negative means over budget. CPI = EV/AC; less than 1 means over budget.

SPI is schedule, EAC is forecast.

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66
Multi-Selecthard

A project manager is performing quantitative risk analysis. Which THREE of the following techniques are commonly used? (Select three.)

Select 3 answers
A.SWOT analysis
B.Monte Carlo simulation
C.Sensitivity analysis
D.Expected monetary value (EMV)
E.Probability and impact matrix
AnswersB, C, D

Monte Carlo simulation is quantitative.

Why this answer

Quantitative risk analysis techniques include expected monetary value (EMV), sensitivity analysis, and Monte Carlo simulation. Probability/impact matrix is qualitative, and SWOT analysis is a qualitative technique.

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67
MCQhard

A project has a cost performance index (CPI) of 1.2 and a schedule performance index (SPI) of 0.9. Which of the following is true?

A.The project is under budget and behind schedule.
B.The project is over budget and behind schedule.
C.The project is over budget and ahead of schedule.
D.The project is under budget and ahead of schedule.
AnswerA

CPI > 1 indicates under budget; SPI < 1 indicates behind schedule.

Why this answer

CPI > 1 means under budget; SPI < 1 means behind schedule.

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68
MCQmedium

During which stage of Tuckman's team development model do team members begin to resolve conflicts and establish norms?

A.Forming
B.Performing
C.Norming
D.Storming
AnswerC

Correct: Norming is when team norms and cohesion develop.

Why this answer

In the Norming stage, team members start to resolve differences, develop consensus, and establish norms and roles.

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69
Multi-Selectmedium

A project manager is monitoring project performance. Which TWO earned value metrics are used to assess cost efficiency?

Select 2 answers
A.Estimate at Completion (EAC)
B.Schedule Variance (SV)
C.Cost Variance (CV)
D.Schedule Performance Index (SPI)
E.Cost Performance Index (CPI)
AnswersC, E

CV is the difference between earned value and actual cost.

Why this answer

Cost Performance Index (CPI) and Cost Variance (CV) are metrics that measure cost efficiency. CPI = EV/AC, CV = EV - AC.

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70
Multi-Selecthard

A project is in the Executing phase. The project manager needs to ensure effective communication with stakeholders. Which THREE elements should be included in the communications management plan? (Select THREE.)

Select 3 answers
A.Storage and retrieval of communications
B.Method or technology for communication
C.Stakeholder communication requirements
D.Actual status report content
E.Frequency of communication
AnswersB, C, E

Defines the medium (e.g., email, meetings).

Why this answer

The communications management plan includes stakeholder communication needs, frequency, and methods. Actual messages and storage are part of project communications but not the plan's core elements.

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71
Multi-Selectmedium

A project manager is estimating activity durations for a construction project. She uses a parametric estimate based on 100 square meters per day. If the total area is 500 square meters, the estimated duration is 5 days. Which THREE statements are true about parametric estimation?

Select 3 answers
A.It can be used for both cost and duration estimation.
B.It requires a reliable source of data to be accurate.
C.It uses a statistical relationship between historical data and variables.
D.It is less accurate than analogous estimation.
E.It is a bottom-up technique.
AnswersA, B, C

Correct. Parametric estimation applies to both cost and time.

Why this answer

Parametric estimation uses statistical relationships between historical data and other variables. It is a quantitative technique that can be very accurate if the parameters are reliable. It can be used in conjunction with other methods.

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72
MCQeasy

During which project phase is the project charter created and the project manager officially assigned?

A.Executing
B.Planning
C.Initiating
D.Monitoring and Controlling
AnswerC

Correct: The charter is created in Initiating.

Why this answer

The project charter is created during the Initiating phase, which formally authorizes the project and assigns the project manager.

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73
MCQmedium

Which type of contract places the greatest cost risk on the seller?

A.Cost plus incentive fee
B.Fixed-price contract
C.Time and materials contract
D.Cost-reimbursable contract
AnswerB

Seller bears cost risk in fixed-price.

Why this answer

Fixed-price contract places cost risk on the seller because the price is fixed regardless of actual costs.

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74
MCQhard

A project has a cost performance index (CPI) of 1.2 and a schedule performance index (SPI) of 0.9. Which of the following is true?

A.The project is over budget and behind schedule.
B.The project is under budget and ahead of schedule.
C.The project is over budget and ahead of schedule.
D.The project is under budget and behind schedule.
AnswerD

CPI=1.2 (>1) under budget; SPI=0.9 (<1) behind schedule.

Why this answer

CPI > 1 means under budget; SPI < 1 means behind schedule.

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75
MCQeasy

Which of the following is an example of a risk response strategy to avoid a risk?

A.Changing the project scope to eliminate the risk
B.Accepting the risk and budgeting for impact
C.Purchasing insurance
D.Assigning a risk owner
AnswerA

Scope change to eliminate the risk is avoidance.

Why this answer

Avoidance involves changing the project plan to eliminate the risk or protect objectives.

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