CAS-004 Security Architecture Practice Question
A multinational corporation is adopting a zero trust architecture for its enterprise network. The security team is evaluating mechanisms to enforce granular access controls and segment workloads. Which TWO components are most critical for implementing a zero trust model? (Choose TWO.)
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Micro-segmentation
Micro-segmentation and identity-centric access controls are foundational to zero trust. Micro-segmentation isolates workloads, while identity-centric controls ensure that access is based on user/device identity rather than network location. SASE is a broader framework, and VPNs are often replaced by zero trust. Perimeter firewalls contradict the zero trust principle of assuming no implicit trust.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Secure Access Service Edge (SASE)
Why it's wrong here
SASE converges networking and security functions but is not the core component of zero trust architecture.
- ✓
Micro-segmentation
Why this is correct
Micro-segmentation creates isolated security zones for workloads, enforcing least privilege and containing lateral movement.
- ✗
Perimeter-based firewalls
Why it's wrong here
Perimeter firewalls assume implicit trust for internal traffic, which is contrary to the zero trust model.
- ✓
Identity-centric access controls
Why this is correct
Identity-centric controls ensure access decisions are based on user/device identity, enabling dynamic and context-aware policies.
- ✗
Software-defined perimeter (SDP)
Why it's wrong here
While SDP is a zero trust component, it is not as critical as micro-segmentation and identity-centric controls for granular workload isolation.
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Written by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security
Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva
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