CAS-004 Governance, Risk, and Compliance Practice Question
A company processes personal data of EU citizens and wants to implement privacy by design. Which of the following is the BEST first step in this process?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Conducting a Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)
Privacy by design requires embedding privacy into the design of systems and processes from the outset. Conducting a Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) early helps identify and mitigate privacy risks before implementation.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Appointing a Data Protection Officer (DPO)
Why it's wrong here
Appointing a DPO is required under GDPR but is not specifically a 'first step' in privacy by design.
- ✗
Implementing data encryption at rest and in transit
Why it's wrong here
Encryption is a control, but not the first step in privacy by design.
- ✗
Developing a data retention policy
Why it's wrong here
Data retention policy is important but follows from the PIA and design process.
- ✓
Conducting a Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)
Why this is correct
A PIA is a foundational step that identifies privacy risks and informs design decisions.
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Written by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security
Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva
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