SAP-C02 Design for New Solutions Practice Question
A company is designing a real-time analytics pipeline to process streaming data from IoT devices. The solution must be serverless and handle data transformation before storage. Which combination of services is most cost-effective?
⚠ Common exam trap
Many exam-takers confuse Amazon SQS with Kinesis Data Streams for streaming use cases, but SQS is a pull-based queue with no ordering guarantees across messages and no replay capability, making it unsuitable for real-time analytics pipelines.
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams, AWS Lambda, and Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to Amazon S3
It combines Kinesis Data Streams for real-time ingestion, AWS Lambda for serverless data transformation, and Kinesis Data Firehose to buffer and deliver transformed data to Amazon S3. This architecture is serverless, scales automatically, and is cost-effective as you pay only for data throughput and compute time without provisioning any servers.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✓
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams, AWS Lambda, and Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to Amazon S3
Why this is correct
Serverless, cost-effective for streaming transformation.
- ✗
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams, Amazon EC2 instances for transformation, and Amazon S3
Why it's wrong here
EC2 is not serverless and requires management.
- ✗
Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS), AWS Lambda, and Amazon S3
Why it's wrong here
SQS is for decoupling, not streaming ingestion.
- ✗
Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics for real-time SQL and Amazon S3
Why it's wrong here
Kinesis Analytics is for analytics, not transformation.
Quick reference
AWS S3 Storage Class Comparison
| Storage Class | Min Duration | Retrieval | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|
| S3 Standard | None | Immediate | Frequently accessed data |
| S3 Standard-IA | 30 days | Immediate | Infrequent access, rapid retrieval |
| S3 One Zone-IA | 30 days | Immediate | Non-critical infrequent data |
| S3 Intelligent-Tiering | None | Immediate–hours | Unknown or changing access patterns |
| S3 Glacier Instant | 90 days | Milliseconds | Archive with instant retrieval |
| S3 Glacier Flexible | 90 days | Minutes–hours | Archive, flexible retrieval |
| S3 Glacier Deep Archive | 180 days | Hours | Long-term compliance archive |
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