SAP-C02 Design for New Solutions Practice Question
A company is designing a new solution to process a continuous stream of events from multiple sources. The events must be processed in real-time with exactly-once processing semantics. The solution should be able to handle replayed events without duplication. Which AWS service should be used for the event processing?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics for Apache Flink
(Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics for Apache Flink) is correct because it provides exactly-once processing semantics through Flink's checkpoints and state management. Option A (Kinesis Data Firehose) is wrong because it is designed for loading streaming data into data stores, not for real-time processing with exactly-once guarantees. Option B (AWS Lambda with Kinesis trigger) is wrong because Lambda processes records at-least-once, which can result in duplicates. Option D (Amazon SQS with Lambda) is wrong because SQS standard queues are at-least-once, and FIFO queues are at-most-once, both unsuitable for exactly-once processing.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose
Why it's wrong here
Firehose is for loading streaming data into destinations, not for custom processing.
- ✗
AWS Lambda with Kinesis trigger
Why it's wrong here
Lambda with Kinesis trigger provides at-least-once processing.
- ✓
Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics for Apache Flink
Why this is correct
Apache Flink provides exactly-once processing semantics.
- ✗
Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS) with Lambda
Why it's wrong here
SQS provides at-least-once delivery.
Quick reference
Cloud Service Model Comparison
| Model | You Manage | Provider Manages | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| IaaS | OS, runtime, apps, data | Hardware, hypervisor, networking | EC2, Azure VMs, GCP Compute Engine |
| PaaS | Apps and data | OS, runtime, middleware, hardware | Elastic Beanstalk, Azure App Service |
| SaaS | Data and settings only | Everything else | Microsoft 365, Salesforce, Workday |
| FaaS / Serverless | Function code only | Infra, scaling, runtime | Lambda, Azure Functions, Cloud Run |
| CaaS | Containers and apps | Kubernetes, OS, hardware | EKS, AKS, GKE |
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