SC-900 Practice Test 4 — 10 Questions

Question 1

A company uses Microsoft Entra ID and wants to automatically detect potential security risks such as leaked credentials and suspicious sign-in patterns. They also need the ability to investigate these risks and configure automated responses based on risk levels. Which Microsoft Entra capability should they use?

Accepted Answer

Microsoft Entra Identity Protection. Microsoft Entra Identity Protection is the correct service because it automatically detects potential security risks such as leaked credentials and suspicious sign-in patterns, provides investigation tools (e.g., risk reports and detailed risk event logs), and enables automated responses like conditional access policies that block or require MFA based on risk levels. This directly matches the scenario's requirements for detection, investigation, and automated remediation.

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Microsoft Entra ID Governance

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Microsoft Entra Privileged Identity Management (PIM)

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Microsoft Entra Domain Services

Question 2

A financial institution uses digital signatures to sign all transaction records. This ensures that the records have not been altered after signing. Which security goal does this primarily protect?

Accepted Answer

Integrity. Digital signatures use asymmetric cryptography (e.g., RSA or ECDSA) to create a hash of the transaction record, which is then encrypted with the signer's private key. Any alteration to the record after signing would cause the hash verification to fail, directly protecting the integrity of the data. While digital signatures also support non-repudiation, the question specifically asks which goal is primarily protected by ensuring records have not been altered, which is integrity.

Answer

Confidentiality

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Non-repudiation

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Availability

Question 3

A company wants to automatically detect emails in Exchange Online that contain credit card numbers and apply encryption to those emails before they are sent. Which Microsoft Purview solution should the administrator configure?

Accepted Answer

Data Loss Prevention (DLP). Data Loss Prevention (DLP) in Microsoft Purview is specifically designed to detect sensitive information such as credit card numbers in emails and automatically apply protective actions like encryption. DLP policies can scan Exchange Online messages in transit and enforce rules to encrypt the email before it is sent, which directly meets the requirement.

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Information Protection (sensitivity labels)

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Data Lifecycle Management

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eDiscovery

Question 4

A healthcare organization stores patient records in an encrypted database. Access to the database is restricted to authorized medical staff only. Which security principle is primarily being addressed by these measures?

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality. Confidentiality ensures that sensitive data, such as patient records, is accessible only to authorized individuals. Encryption renders the data unreadable to unauthorized parties, and access restrictions enforce that only authorized medical staff can decrypt and view the records. This directly aligns with the principle of confidentiality, which is a core pillar of the CIA triad.

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Integrity

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Availability

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Non-repudiation

Question 5

A security operations team uses Microsoft 365 Defender and wants to detect, investigate, and automatically respond to advanced identity-based attacks targeting on-premises Active Directory, such as Pass-the-Hash (PtH) and Golden Ticket attacks. They also need to integrate these alerts into Microsoft Sentinel for central incident management. Which Microsoft security solution provides these capabilities?

Accepted Answer

Microsoft Defender for Identity. Microsoft Defender for Identity (MDI) is the correct answer because it is specifically designed to detect, investigate, and automatically respond to advanced identity-based attacks targeting on-premises Active Directory, including Pass-the-Hash (PtH) and Golden Ticket attacks. It uses behavioral analytics and machine learning to identify suspicious activities such as anomalous Kerberos ticket requests and NTLM authentication anomalies. MDI also natively integrates with Microsoft Sentinel, allowing alerts to be ingested for central incident management.

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Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps

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Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

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Microsoft Defender for Office 365

Question 6

A multinational company stores customer data across multiple Azure regions. A new regulation requires that customer data must remain within the country's borders and cannot be transferred abroad. Which concept does this regulation primarily relate to?

Accepted Answer

Data Sovereignty. Data Sovereignty is the correct answer because the regulation mandates that customer data must remain within the country's borders and cannot be transferred abroad. This legal and compliance concept asserts that data is subject to the laws and governance structures of the nation where it is physically stored, directly addressing cross-border transfer restrictions.

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Data Residency

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Data Retention

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Data Classification

Question 7

A security administrator is explaining authentication and authorization to new IT staff. Which statement correctly describes the difference between these two processes?

Accepted Answer

Authentication verifies who the user is; authorization verifies what the user can do.. Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user, device, or other entity, typically through credentials like a password, biometric, or certificate. Authorization determines what an authenticated entity is permitted to do, such as accessing specific resources or performing certain actions, often enforced via access control lists (ACLs) or role-based access control (RBAC). In Microsoft Entra ID, authentication occurs first (e.g., via OAuth 2.0 or SAML), and then authorization is evaluated using claims or directory roles.

Answer

Authentication verifies what a user can do; authorization verifies who the user is.

Answer

Both authentication and authorization verify the user's identity.

Answer

Authorization is always performed before authentication.

Question 8

A security architect is designing a new security posture based on the Zero Trust model. The architect wants to ensure that every access request is fully authenticated, authorized, and encrypted before granting access, and that access is granted only to the minimum necessary resources. Which three principles of Zero Trust align with these requirements? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

Verify explicitly. Option A is correct because the 'Verify explicitly' principle of Zero Trust requires that every access request must be fully authenticated, authorized, and encrypted before granting access. This means using strong authentication mechanisms (e.g., multifactor authentication) and continuous validation of identity and device health, not just relying on network location or implicit trust.

Answer

Network segmentation

Question 9

A multinational organization uses Microsoft Entra ID. The IT help desk team is responsible for password resets and group management, but only for users located in the European region. The organization has created a group containing all European user accounts. Which Microsoft Entra feature should an administrator use to delegate these administrative tasks specifically to the help desk team, limited to the European user scope?

Accepted Answer

Administrative units. Administrative units (AUs) in Microsoft Entra ID allow administrators to delegate administrative permissions scoped to a specific subset of users, groups, or devices. By creating an AU containing only the European user group, the administrator can assign the help desk team roles (e.g., Helpdesk Administrator or User Administrator) limited to that AU, ensuring they can perform password resets and group management only for European users.

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Access reviews

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Conditional Access

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Self-service password reset (SSPR)

Question 10

A security administrator configures user accounts so that employees have only the permissions necessary to perform their job functions and no more. Which security concept is being applied?

Accepted Answer

Least privilege. The principle of least privilege dictates that users should be granted only the permissions necessary to perform their specific job functions and no more. By configuring accounts with minimal access rights, the administrator directly applies this concept to reduce the attack surface and limit potential damage from compromised credentials.

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Defense in depth

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Separation of duties

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Zero Trust