SC-900 Practice Test 10 — 10 Questions

Question 1

A company wants to gain visibility into which cloud applications are being used by employees (shadow IT) and assess the risk level of each app. They use Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps. Which feature should they enable to discover and analyze these apps?

Accepted Answer

Cloud Discovery. Cloud Discovery is the correct feature because it analyzes traffic logs against the Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps catalog of over 31,000 cloud apps to identify shadow IT usage. It provides risk scores based on factors like security certifications, data encryption, and compliance standards, enabling the company to assess each app's risk level.

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App Governance

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Conditional Access App Control

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OAuth app policies

Question 2

A company wants to monitor employee communications in Microsoft Teams and Exchange Online for potential policy violations such as harassment or inappropriate sharing of confidential information. They need a solution that allows them to define policies, review flagged messages, and manage investigations. Which Microsoft Purview solution should they use?

Accepted Answer

Communication Compliance. Communication Compliance is the correct Microsoft Purview solution because it is specifically designed to monitor communications (e.g., emails in Exchange Online and messages in Microsoft Teams) for policy violations such as harassment or inappropriate sharing of confidential information. It allows administrators to define customizable policies, automatically flag messages that match sensitive information types or offensive language, and manage investigations through a built-in review workflow.

Answer

Insider Risk Management

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Information Barriers

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Audit (Standard or Premium)

Question 3

A compliance officer needs to identify and monitor potentially risky user activities, such as users copying large amounts of data to external devices or sharing sensitive files with unauthorized recipients. They want to create a policy that detects these activities and automatically escalates them for investigation. Which Microsoft Purview solution should they use?

Accepted Answer

Microsoft Purview Insider Risk Management. Microsoft Purview Insider Risk Management is specifically designed to detect and investigate malicious or inadvertent insider risks based on activities like data exfiltration, unusual file sharing, or violations of corporate policies. It uses indicators and adaptive policies to assign risk scores and trigger alerts for review. Audit (option B) only provides logging and does not have built-in risk analysis. Communication Compliance (option C) focuses on inappropriate communications, not data-related risks. Compliance Manager (option D) assesses compliance posture but does not detect risky user activities. Therefore, Insider Risk Management is the correct solution.

Answer

Microsoft Purview Audit

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Microsoft Purview Communication Compliance

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Microsoft Purview Compliance Manager

Question 4

A healthcare company stores patient records in an Azure SQL database. To protect the data, they enable Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) for the database and require all client connections to use TLS. Which security goal is being primarily addressed by these measures?

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality. Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) encrypts data at rest in the Azure SQL database, ensuring that even if the physical storage media is compromised, the data remains unreadable. Requiring TLS for client connections encrypts data in transit, preventing eavesdropping or interception. Both measures directly protect the confidentiality of patient records by preventing unauthorized access to the data.

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Integrity

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Availability

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Non-repudiation

Question 5

A security administrator is explaining the concept of defense in depth to a new team member. Which statement best describes this approach?

Accepted Answer

Layering multiple security controls across different areas of the IT environment. Defense in depth is a cybersecurity strategy that employs multiple layers of security controls across different areas of the IT environment (network, endpoint, application, data, and physical). This approach ensures that if one control fails, another is already in place to mitigate the threat, providing redundancy and reducing the risk of a single point of failure. Microsoft's security framework, including tools like Microsoft Defender for Cloud and Azure Firewall, operationalizes this concept by integrating protections at each layer.

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Using a single, strong firewall to block all external traffic

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Relying solely on encryption to protect all data at rest and in transit

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Implementing only physical security measures to protect the data center

Question 6

A security architect is adopting a new security model that assumes breach and verifies every access request. The model eliminates implicit trust and requires continuous validation. Which security model is being implemented?

Accepted Answer

Zero Trust. Zero Trust is the correct model because it explicitly assumes breach, eliminates implicit trust, and requires continuous validation of every access request. This aligns with the core Zero Trust principle of 'never trust, always verify,' which mandates that no user, device, or network is trusted by default, even if they are inside the corporate perimeter.

Answer

Defense in Depth

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Least Privilege

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Shared Responsibility

Question 7

A security architect is explaining the evolution of the security perimeter. They state that because users access corporate resources from anywhere on any device, the traditional network perimeter is no longer sufficient. What does the architect identify as the new primary security perimeter?

Accepted Answer

The identity. In modern zero-trust architectures, identity is the new primary security perimeter because it enables granular access control regardless of network location. Since users access corporate resources from anywhere on any device, authentication and authorization (via protocols like OAuth 2.0, SAML, and OpenID Connect) become the decisive factor for granting access, rather than the traditional network boundary. This shift is foundational to Microsoft's identity-centric security model, where Azure AD (now Microsoft Entra ID) acts as the control plane for all resource access.

Answer

The cloud infrastructure

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The data center

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The endpoint

Question 8

A security operations team investigates a multi-stage attack that began with a phishing email, then moved to credential compromise, and finally to lateral movement on endpoints. They need a single pane of glass to view the entire attack story, including the initial email, the compromised user's sign-in activities, and processes on affected devices. Which Microsoft security solution provides this unified investigation experience?

Accepted Answer

Microsoft 365 Defender. Microsoft 365 Defender (now Microsoft Defender XDR) provides a unified investigation experience by correlating signals across email, identity, and endpoint domains into a single incident view. This allows the security team to see the full attack story—from the initial phishing email in Defender for Office 365, to the compromised user's sign-in activities via Defender for Identity, and the lateral movement processes on endpoints through Defender for Endpoint—all within one console.

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Microsoft Sentinel

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Microsoft Defender for Cloud

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Microsoft Defender for Identity

Question 9

An attacker gains access to a company's email system and reads confidential customer emails. Which security principle has been compromised?

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality. Confidentiality is the security principle that ensures data is accessible only to authorized users. When an attacker reads confidential customer emails without authorization, the confidentiality of that data has been breached, as the information was exposed to an unintended party.

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Integrity

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Availability

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Non-repudiation

Question 10

An organization is implementing a Zero Trust security model. Which principle requires that every access request must be fully authenticated, authorized, and verified based on all available signals, regardless of the user's network location?

Accepted Answer

Verify explicitly. The 'Verify explicitly' principle of Zero Trust mandates that every access request must be fully authenticated, authorized, and encrypted based on all available data points—including user identity, device health, location, and behavioral signals—regardless of whether the request originates from inside or outside the corporate network. This contrasts with traditional perimeter-based models that implicitly trust internal traffic.

Answer

Least privilege

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Assume breach

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Defense in depth