SF-PD2 Practice Test 3 — 30 Questions

Question 1

A developer is building an Apex batch class that processes 2 million Account records. The start method uses the following SOQL query: [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE BillingCountry = 'US']. The query is selective because BillingCountry is indexed. However, during testing, the batch job fails with a 'First error: Apex CPU time limit exceeded' error. The developer suspects that the issue is related to the query performance. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the CPU timeout?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

The execute method contains inefficient code, such as nested loops or excessive DML operations, causing high CPU usage per record.. The CPU timeout is caused by inefficient processing in the execute method, not the query. The query is selective and returns only necessary fields. With millions of records, nested loops, multiple DML calls, or complex calculations can exceed the CPU limit. The developer should optimize the execute method by reducing operations per record, using collections efficiently, and minimizing DML.

Answer

The query is returning too many fields, causing excessive heap size and indirectly CPU timeout.

Answer

The query is not selective enough, causing a full table scan.

Answer

The batch size is set to the default of 200, causing too many batches and excessive overhead.

Question 2

A developer is writing a test class for an Apex trigger that creates a related record when an Account is inserted. The test must verify that the related record is created and that a validation rule prevents creation when the Account's AnnualRevenue is null. What is the best practice to ensure the test covers both scenarios?

Accepted Answer

Create separate test methods for each scenario, using Test.startTest() and Test.stopTest() around the DML operation.. The best practice is to write separate test methods for each scenario to isolate failures and ensure clarity. Wrapping the DML operations in Test.startTest and Test.stopTest resets governor limits and ensures any asynchronous processing completes. This allows the developer to assert that the related record is created for valid Accounts and that the validation rule fires for Accounts with null AnnualRevenue, achieving comprehensive test coverage.

Answer

Use Test.startTest() and Test.stopTest() to isolate the trigger execution and then assert the results.

Answer

Use a single test method that inserts both a valid and an invalid Account, then asserts the results.

Answer

Use @isTest(SeeAllData=true) to access existing Accounts and then assert the trigger behavior.

Question 3

A developer needs to enforce that a custom object's field is required only when another field has a specific value. The validation must apply to all data entry points, including API and Apex. Which feature should be used?

Accepted Answer

A validation rule with a formula that checks the condition.. A validation rule is the correct choice because it is enforced at the database level for all data operations, regardless of the entry point. It uses a formula to conditionally require a field based on another field's value, ensuring data consistency. Other options either do not cover all entry points or cannot express conditional logic.

Answer

A page layout setting that marks the field as required.

Answer

A field-level security setting that makes the field required.

Answer

Apex trigger with a before insert/update logic to check the condition.

Question 4

A developer is using the Salesforce CLI to deploy a set of Apex classes and a custom object to a sandbox. The developer wants to validate the deployment without saving any changes to the target org. Which command should the developer use?

Accepted Answer

sf project deploy validate. The Salesforce CLI provides the sf project deploy validate command specifically for validating a deployment without committing changes. It compiles the metadata and runs any specified tests, reporting errors without altering the target org. This is the correct command for a dry-run style validation in the modern Salesforce CLI, ensuring the deployment will succeed before actually deploying.

Answer

sf project deploy start --dry-run

Answer

sf project deploy report --status

Answer

sf project deploy start --check-only

Question 5

A developer is optimizing an Apex trigger that processes a large number of records. The trigger currently performs a SOQL query inside a loop to check for duplicate records. This causes a 'Too many SOQL queries: 101' error when more than 100 records are processed. What is the best way to refactor the trigger to avoid this error?

Accepted Answer

Move the SOQL query outside the loop and use a Map to store the results for lookup.. The correct approach is to bulkify the trigger by moving the SOQL query outside the loop and using a Map for efficient lookups. This reduces the number of queries to one, well within governor limits. It is a fundamental Apex best practice to avoid SOQL or DML operations inside loops, ensuring scalability and performance.

Answer

Use Database.query with a bind variable inside the loop to dynamically build the query.

Answer

Use a SOQL query with a LIMIT clause inside the loop to reduce the number of records returned.

Answer

Enable deferred sharing on the trigger to reduce the number of SOQL queries.

Question 6

A developer has a Lightning Web Component named accountTile that exposes a public property accountName decorated with @api. A parent Aura component includes accountTile using <c:accountTile accountName="Acme"/>. During testing, the account name never appears. The developer confirms the property is set in the LWC constructor. What is the cause?

Accepted Answer

The property is read in the LWC constructor, but attribute values passed from an Aura parent are not available until after the component is connected.. Values supplied by an Aura parent land on a Lightning Web Component after construction, so a plain @api property is undefined inside the constructor. Reading it in connectedCallback or renderedCallback, or converting it to a setter, lets the component react once the value is present. The scenario is a lifecycle-timing problem, not a missing-accessor or wrapper problem.

Answer

The @api property must be defined as a getter/setter pair to accept values from an Aura parent.

Answer

Aura components cannot pass attributes to Lightning Web Components unless the LWC is wrapped in an <aura:component>.

Answer

The attribute name must be prefixed with aura: to be recognized across the Aura-to-LWC boundary.

Question 7

A developer is working on a Lightning Web Component that displays a list of 10,000 custom object records. The component currently uses an Apex controller method that returns all records in a single call, causing slow load times and occasional heap size limit exceptions. Which approach should the developer take to improve performance?

Accepted Answer

Implement pagination in the Apex controller to return a limited number of records per call, and use the Lightning Web Component to request subsequent pages as needed.. Pagination is the best approach because it breaks the large dataset into smaller, manageable chunks. This reduces the amount of data processed and transferred at once, avoiding heap size limit exceptions and improving page load times. The LWC can request additional pages as the user scrolls or navigates, providing a responsive experience.

Answer

Increase the heap size limit by using the @AuraEnabled annotation with the 'continuation' attribute to handle long-running requests.

Answer

Use the @AuraEnabled(cacheable=true) annotation on the Apex method to cache the results on the client side.

Answer

Move the data retrieval logic to a Visualforce page and embed it in the Lightning Web Component using an iframe.

Question 8

A developer is building a Lightning web component that needs to display a list of Accounts with their Contacts. The component should allow users to select an Account and see its Contacts without a full page reload. Which Apex feature should be used to retrieve the Contacts when an Account is selected?

Accepted Answer

An @AuraEnabled(cacheable=true) method that queries Contacts by AccountId.. The correct feature is an @AuraEnabled(cacheable=true) Apex method. It allows Lightning web components to retrieve data on demand and supports caching, which is ideal for dynamic user interactions. Other options either cannot return data synchronously, are not compatible with LWC, or introduce unnecessary complexity.

Answer

A SOAP API call from the component to the Salesforce endpoint.

Answer

A @future method that queries Contacts and returns them to the component.

Answer

A Visualforce controller method invoked via a JavaScript remoting call.

Question 9

A developer has written an Apex class that includes a method to calculate shipping costs. The method contains several conditional branches. The developer wants to ensure that all branches are tested and that the test class provides sufficient coverage for deployment. Which Salesforce feature should the developer use to identify which lines of code are not covered by tests?

Accepted Answer

The Code Coverage view in the Developer Console. The Code Coverage view in the Developer Console is the correct tool because it provides a visual representation of which lines of code are executed during tests. Uncovered lines are highlighted in red, enabling developers to quickly identify and address gaps in test coverage. This is essential for meeting deployment requirements.

Answer

The Apex Test Coverage report in Salesforce Reports

Answer

The Apex Test Execution page in Setup

Answer

The Developer Console's Test > New Run feature

Question 10

A developer is building a Flow that must invoke an external REST service to retrieve a customer's loyalty points. The external service requires a callout with a JSON body and returns a JSON response. The developer wants to use an External Service to simplify the integration. Which step must be completed before the Flow can use the External Service?

Accepted Answer

Register the external service using a Swagger (OpenAPI) specification.. External Services allow declarative tools like Flow to call external REST services by importing an OpenAPI (Swagger) specification. This registration step generates the necessary Apex classes and invocable actions. Without registering the service, the Flow cannot reference its operations. The other options relate to authentication, testing, or traditional callout security, none of which are prerequisites for creating an External Service.

Answer

Create an Apex class that implements the HttpCalloutMock interface.

Answer

Configure a Remote Site Setting for the external service endpoint.

Answer

Define a Connected App with OAuth settings for the external service.

Question 11

A developer needs to write an Apex test class for a service that makes a callout to an external REST API. The test must simulate different HTTP response codes, including 200, 404, and 500. Which approach should the developer use to ensure the test covers all scenarios without making actual callouts?

Accepted Answer

Use Test.setMock with a custom implementation of HttpCalloutMock that returns different responses based on the request.. Test.setMock with HttpCalloutMock is the correct way to simulate HTTP responses in Apex tests. It allows the developer to define custom responses for different status codes and verify that the service handles them appropriately. This approach avoids real callouts, making tests reliable and fast, and is required by Salesforce for any test that involves callouts.

Answer

Use the @isTest(SeeAllData=true) annotation to access the external service's data directly.

Answer

Use a static resource to store JSON responses and parse them in the test class.

Answer

Use Test.startTest and Test.stopTest to isolate the callout and rely on the actual external service.

Question 12

A developer is writing a SOQL query on a custom object with 5 million records. The query filters on a custom field that is not indexed and returns a large number of records. The query is running slowly and sometimes fails with a 'Non-selective query' error. What should the developer do to improve query performance?

Accepted Answer

Create a custom index on the custom field used in the WHERE clause.. The best solution is to create a custom index on the custom field used in the WHERE clause. This makes the query selective, allowing Salesforce to use the index to retrieve records efficiently and avoid the 'Non-selective query' error. Custom indexes are essential for optimizing queries on large custom objects.

Answer

Add a LIMIT clause to the query to reduce the number of records returned.

Answer

Use a FOR UPDATE clause to lock the records and improve query speed.

Answer

Use a SOQL query with a subquery to filter the records more efficiently.

Question 13

A developer is building a complex asynchronous process using Queueable Apex. The process needs to make a callout to an external service, then update records based on the response. The developer implements the callout in the execute method of the Queueable class. During testing, the developer receives a 'CalloutException: Unauthorized endpoint' error. What should the developer do to resolve this?

Accepted Answer

Add the external service URL to the Remote Site Settings in Salesforce.. The 'Unauthorized endpoint' error occurs when Apex attempts a callout to an endpoint not listed in Remote Site Settings or a Named Credential. The correct resolution is to add the external service URL to Remote Site Settings, which authorizes the callout. While implementing Database.AllowsCallouts is required for Queueable Apex to make callouts, it does not address endpoint authorization. Using a Named Credential is an alternative but requires proper setup.

Answer

Move the callout to a future method instead of Queueable Apex.

Answer

Implement the Database.AllowsCallouts interface in the Queueable class.

Answer

Use a Named Credential instead of a hard-coded URL in the callout.

Question 14

A developer is optimizing an Apex trigger on the Opportunity object that updates related OpportunityLineItem records. The trigger currently performs a SOQL query for each OpportunityLineItem to check a field on the parent Opportunity. This causes performance degradation and governor limit errors. Which technique should the developer use to improve performance?

Accepted Answer

Use a Map to store parent Opportunity records and reference them in the loop.. Using a Map to store parent Opportunity records is the correct approach because it bulkifies the code by querying all necessary Opportunities once and then referencing them in the loop. This eliminates the query inside the loop, reducing the number of SOQL queries and improving performance. The other options do not address the root cause.

Answer

Add a LIMIT clause to the SOQL query to reduce the number of records returned.

Answer

Move the SOQL query to a future method to run asynchronously.

Answer

Use a trigger handler framework to separate logic from the trigger.

Question 15

A developer is creating a Lightning Web Component that includes a button. When the button is clicked, the component should call an Apex method to save data. Which decorator should be used to expose the Apex method to the Lightning Web Component?

Accepted Answer

@AuraEnabled. The @AuraEnabled decorator is the correct choice because it exposes an Apex method to Lightning Web Components and Aura components. When a method is annotated with @AuraEnabled, it can be called from the component's JavaScript using the wire service or imperatively. The other decorators serve different purposes: @RemoteAction is for Visualforce, @InvocableMethod is for declarative tools, and @Future is for asynchronous processing. Only @AuraEnabled enables direct invocation from LWC.

Answer

@RemoteAction

Answer

@InvocableMethod

Answer

@Future

Question 16

A developer is optimizing a Visualforce page that displays a large dataset using a StandardSetController. The page currently loads slowly because it queries all records at once. The developer wants to implement pagination to improve performance. Which approach should be used?

Accepted Answer

Use the StandardSetController's setPageSize method to limit the number of records per page and rely on its built-in pagination.. The StandardSetController is specifically designed to handle pagination efficiently. By setting the page size, it automatically limits the query to the records needed for the current page, reducing the initial load and memory footprint. Manual pagination with OFFSET or client-side pagination does not offer the same performance benefits and often introduces additional complexity or inefficiencies.

Answer

Use the @ReadOnly annotation on the controller to allow the page to query all records without hitting governor limits, then paginate client-side.

Answer

Use SOQL OFFSET to manually paginate the records in the controller, fetching only the records for the current page.

Answer

Use a custom controller with a SOQL query that uses LIMIT and OFFSET, and implement pagination logic manually.

Question 17

A developer is building an Apex trigger that processes 200 Opportunity records on insert. The trigger needs to query all related OpportunityLineItem records to calculate a total. To avoid hitting the SOQL query limit, which approach should the developer use?

Accepted Answer

Use a single SOQL query in the trigger to retrieve all OpportunityLineItem records for all Opportunity IDs in the trigger context.. The correct approach is to bulkify the trigger by performing one SOQL query that retrieves all related OpportunityLineItem records for all Opportunities in the trigger context. This avoids the governor limit on the number of SOQL queries and ensures the trigger scales for bulk operations. Querying inside a loop or per record is inefficient and will fail with large data volumes.

Answer

Use a separate SOQL query for each Opportunity but limit the loop to 100 iterations to stay within limits.

Answer

Perform a SOQL query inside a loop that iterates over each Opportunity record to fetch its line items individually.

Answer

Leverage a map of OpportunityLineItem records populated by a prior query in the trigger's initial data retrieval.

Question 18

A developer needs to add a custom field to the Account object that stores a numeric risk score. The field must be available to Apex code, Flow, and the REST API, and must not be exposed on any page layout. Which metadata type and deployment approach should the developer use?

Accepted Answer

Create a CustomField metadata component on Account and deploy it via a change set or Salesforce CLI, leaving the field off layouts.. The risk score is a new piece of data on Account, so it must be defined as a CustomField metadata component. Custom fields are automatically available to Apex, Flow, and the REST API. Page layout visibility is independent of field existence, so simply not adding the field to any layout satisfies the requirement to keep it hidden from users while retaining programmatic access.

Answer

Create a FieldSet metadata component on Account containing the score field.

Answer

Create a Layout metadata component and add a hidden numeric field to it.

Answer

Create a CustomObject metadata component with a lookup to Account to store the score.

Question 19

A developer is writing an Apex test method for a service class that makes a callout to an external REST API. The test must not perform the actual callout. The developer creates a static resource containing the JSON response and writes a mock class that implements HttpCalloutMock. Which statement must the developer include in the test method to register the mock before the callout is executed?

Accepted Answer

Test.setMock(HttpCalloutMock.class, new MyApiMock());. Test.setMock is the only supported way to inject a mock implementation for HTTP callouts during Apex tests. It must be invoked before the callout is made, typically at the start of the test method. The mock's respond method then supplies the HttpResponse, allowing the developer to test success and error handling without external dependencies.

Answer

HttpCalloutMock mock = new MyApiMock(); Test.startTest(); mock.respond(new HttpRequest());

Answer

Test.setMock(WebServiceMock.class, new MyApiMock());

Answer

Test.loadData(HttpCalloutMock.SObjectType, 'MyApiMock');

Question 20

A developer is creating a Lightning Web Component that needs to display a list of Contacts for a given Account. The component will be placed on a Lightning record page for Account. The developer wants to use the getRelatedListRecords wire adapter from lightning/uiRelatedListApi to fetch the contacts. Which two parameters are required in the wire configuration object for getRelatedListRecords? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

relatedListId. The getRelatedListRecords wire adapter requires two parameters: parentRecordId and relatedListId. parentRecordId identifies the parent record (Account) whose related list is queried, and relatedListId specifies which related list (e.g., Contacts) to retrieve. Optional parameters like fields, sortBy, and pageSize can refine the results but are not mandatory for the adapter to execute.

Answer

sortBy

Answer

fields

Answer

pageSize