Configure local storage

A system administrator needs to add a new 10GB disk to an existing volume group 'vgdata' to extend logical volumes. Which of the following is the correct sequence of commands?

An administrator has created a RAID 1 array using mdadm with two 1TB disks. After a disk failure, the array is in a degraded state. Which command should be used to replace the failed disk with a new one?

An administrator needs to ensure that a specific LVM logical volume is automatically mounted at boot with the 'noexec' option. Which configuration file and entry should be used?

After creating a new partition on /dev/sdc, the administrator runs 'partprobe' to inform the kernel of the change. What is the primary purpose of partprobe?

An administrator wants to extend an XFS filesystem that resides on an LVM logical volume. The volume group has free physical extents. Which is the correct sequence?

A server has a software RAID 5 array /dev/md0. One of its disks fails. The administrator wants to replace it without rebooting. Which command should be used to mark the disk as failed?

Which command creates a 2GB logical volume named 'lvdata' in the volume group 'vgdata'?

An administrator wants to create a swap partition on /dev/sdb1. After creating the partition with fdisk, which command sets up the swap area?

Which TWO commands can be used to view the current size and usage of an LVM logical volume? (Choose two.)

Which THREE options are valid when creating a new partition with the 'parted' command? (Choose three.)

Which TWO commands can be used to create a filesystem on a new partition? (Choose two.)

An administrator needs to create a new logical volume named 'lvdata' of size 5G in vgdata, format it with ext4, and mount it persistently at /mnt/data. The system currently has /dev/sdc as a physical volume in vgdata. Which command sequence accomplishes this?

An administrator suspects a disk failure in /dev/md0. Which command would be used to simulate a failure on /dev/sdb and then remove it from the array?

You are a Red Hat administrator at a company that runs a critical database server. The server has a single 500GB SSD (/dev/sda) with a default partition layout: /boot (1GB), swap (8GB), and / (491GB) using LVM. The database stores data in /var/lib/mysql, which is on the root logical volume. Recently, the /var/lib/mysql directory has been growing rapidly and is now at 95% usage. The server has an additional 1TB HDD (/dev/sdb) installed but not configured. You need to provide additional storage to /var/lib/mysql without downtime. The database is currently running and must remain accessible. You have root access via SSH. Which of the following is the best course of action?

Which TWO statements about Logical Volume Manager (LVM) metadata are correct?

An administrator wants to add the two 2G disks (sdc and sdd) as physical volumes, extend the 'data' logical volume in volume group 'vg' by 2G, and grow the filesystem. Which sequence of commands should be used?

A system administrator is setting up storage for a new application server. The application requires two separate filesystems: one for the database (needs to be at least 10GiB) and one for logs (needs at least 5GiB). The server has a single 20GiB disk /dev/sda. The administrator plans to use LVM and a single volume group 'vg_app'. They create physical volume on /dev/sda, create the volume group, and then create two logical volumes: 'lv_db' of 10GiB and 'lv_logs' of 5GiB. They format lv_db as ext4 and lv_logs as xfs, and mount them at /db and /logs respectively. After rebooting, the system fails to mount /logs. What is the most likely cause?

Order the steps to create a new LVM logical volume of 5 GiB named 'lv_data' in volume group 'vg_data'.

Put the steps to configure a new swap partition of 2 GiB on /dev/sdc1 and enable it in order.

Match each systemd unit type to its purpose.

Match each cron syntax field to its meaning.

Which command initializes a disk partition as a physical volume for LVM?

Which command shows the amount of disk space used and available on each mounted filesystem?

Which file contains the list of filesystems to be mounted at system startup?

After adding a new disk to a volume group, which command is used to extend a logical volume by 2GB?

A filesystem reports 0% free space in df -h, but when checking the directory size with du -sh, it shows much less usage. What is the most likely cause?

Which command is used to display all block devices that have a filesystem of type XFS?

Which of the following is true regarding shrinking logical volumes?

A system administrator tries to mount a filesystem but receives the error: 'mount: /dev/sdb1 is already mounted or /data busy'. The filesystem is not listed in the mount output. What is the most likely cause?

Which of the following is the correct way to persistently mount a filesystem using its UUID?

Which TWO commands can be used to create a logical volume using all available free space in a volume group?

Which THREE of the following are valid methods to identify a block device in /etc/fstab?

Which TWO commands can be used to view the current disk usage of a filesystem?

Refer to the exhibit. If the system administrator wants to create a new logical volume of size 2GB in the 'rhel' volume group, what is the first command that must be executed?

Refer to the exhibit. A user tries to execute a script located in /data/script.sh but gets 'Permission denied'. The script has execute permissions. What is the most likely cause?

Refer to the exhibit. When the system boots, which filesystem will be mounted after the root filesystem?

An administrator adds a new 100GB disk to a RHEL 9 server. Which command should be used first to verify that the kernel has detected the new disk?

A system administrator needs to extend a logical volume 'lv_data' in volume group 'vg_data' by adding a new 50GB disk. Which sequence of commands should be used (assuming the filesystem is XFS)?

After editing /etc/fstab to add a mount for /data, the system fails to boot and drops to a maintenance shell. Which recovery step should be taken first?

An administrator wants to add an additional swap partition of 2GB on device /dev/sdb1. Which set of commands should be used to enable swap and make it persistent across reboots?

A database server requires a filesystem that supports very large files (over 2TB) and online defragmentation. Which filesystem type should be used?

An administrator is configuring a RAID 1 (mirror) using two 100GB disks /dev/sda and /dev/sdb. After creating the array, which command(s) will verify the array status? (Choose the best answer.)

To ensure that a filesystem is mounted automatically at boot and that only root can write to it, which mount options should be used in /etc/fstab? (Assume the filesystem permissions are appropriately set.)

A system administrator needs to create a point-in-time backup of a logical volume 'lv_home' that is currently mounted. Which LVM feature should be used?

An administrator wants to encrypt a new partition /dev/sdc1 using LUKS. Which command sequence is correct?

Which two are required to create a logical volume? (Choose two.)

Which three fields are present in every /etc/fstab entry? (Choose three.)

Which two commands can be used to create a new partition on a disk without erasing existing partitions? (Choose two.)

Refer to the exhibit. An administrator runs lsblk and sees the above output. The administrator wants to mount /dev/sdb1 at /mnt/data. What should be done first?

Refer to the exhibit. An administrator needs to create a new logical volume named 'data' of size 3GB. Which command should be used?

Refer to the exhibit. The /proc/mdstat output shows a RAID1 array with two devices. One of the disks (/dev/sda1) fails. Which sequence of commands would be used to remove the failed disk and add a new replacement disk /dev/sdc1?

A system administrator adds a new 10GB disk (/dev/sdb) to a server. The requirement is to create a single ext4 filesystem on the entire disk for storing application data. Which sequence of commands should be used?

A Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 server has an LVM volume group 'vg01' that contains two physical volumes: /dev/sda2 and /dev/sdb1. After a reboot, the system fails to activate the volume group. The administrator runs 'pvdisplay' and sees one physical volume as 'unknown device'. What is the most likely cause?

A storage administrator is asked to increase the size of an ext4 filesystem mounted at /data. The underlying logical volume /dev/mapper/vg01-lv01 is currently 10GB and the volume group has 5GB of free extents. After extending the logical volume by 2GB using lvextend -L +2G /dev/mapper/vg01-lv01, what command must be run to resize the filesystem?

An administrator needs to add a 2GB swap partition to an existing disk (/dev/sdc) that already has one partition. The administrator creates a second primary partition using fdisk and sets the type to Linux swap (82). Which command completes the setup to enable swap?

A technician is configuring a new Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 server with multiple disks. They need to create a RAID 1 array using /dev/sda and /dev/sdb for the /boot partition. Which tool can create the RAID array and enable booting from it?

A system has a logical volume that is thinly provisioned. The thin pool has a size of 100GB and the thin volume has a virtual size of 500GB. The administrator notices that the thin pool has only 5GB of data written so far. Which command will display the current data usage of the thin volume?

An administrator wants to mount an existing ext4 filesystem from /dev/sdb1 to /mnt/data at boot time. What entry should be added to /etc/fstab?

A database server experiences high disk I/O wait times. The administrator runs 'iostat -x 1' and sees that the avgqu-sz for /dev/sda is 25 and await is 200 ms. The disk is a single 7200 RPM SATA drive. Which action is most likely to improve performance?

An administrator attempts to mount an XFS filesystem from /dev/sdc1 to /mnt/archive but receives the error: 'mount: /mnt/archive: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdc1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.' The output of 'dumpe2fs /dev/sdc1' shows 'dumpe2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sdc1'. What is the most likely problem?

Which TWO of the following are valid reasons to use LVM in a Red Hat Enterprise Linux environment?

Which TWO of the following are required steps when migrating a logical volume from one physical volume to another in the same volume group?

Which THREE of the following are valid utilities for creating partitions on a disk in Red Hat Enterprise Linux?

An administrator wants to add 20GB of additional space to the root filesystem. The volume group vg01 has no free extents. Which action should be taken first?

The /data filesystem is at 99% capacity. The LVM setup shows that the volume group has 50GB free space, but the logical volume is only 100GB. What is the correct sequence of commands to increase the filesystem to use all available space in the volume group?

An administrator needs to mount the backup filesystem with the ‘exec’ option temporarily for a one-time script. Which command will remount the filesystem with exec without unmounting?

An administrator needs to add a new 20GB disk /dev/sdb to a RHEL 9 server and mount it permanently at /data. The disk is unpartitioned. Which sequence of commands correctly accomplishes this?

A volume group vg_data has no free extents. An admin adds a new disk /dev/sdc and wants to extend the logical volume lv_data (ext4 filesystem) by 5GB. Which sequence of commands is correct?

A system fails to mount an XFS filesystem at boot. The /etc/fstab entry is: UUID=abc123 /mnt xfs defaults 0 0. Running mount -a shows: 'mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb1'. Which is the most likely cause?

Which single command shows the UUID of a filesystem on /dev/sdb1?

An administrator replaces a failed disk in a RAID 10 array /dev/md0. The new disk is /dev/sdc. The admin runs: mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdc. The command succeeds, but the array does not start rebuilding. What is the most likely reason?

Which TWO commands can be used to create a physical volume for LVM? (Choose exactly two.)

Which THREE filesystem types are natively supported in RHEL 8/9 for local storage? (Choose exactly three.)

Which TWO commands can be used to list block devices and their attributes? (Choose exactly two.)

A junior admin receives a ticket: 'The /var partition is filling up quickly. The server has an extra 100GB disk /dev/sdb. The /var filesystem is on logical volume lv_var in volume group vg_system. Currently, vg_system has no free extents. The admin's plan: create a new physical volume on /dev/sdb, extend vg_system, extend lv_var, and resize the filesystem. He runs: pvcreate /dev/sdb; vgextend vg_system /dev/sdb; lvextend -L+100G /dev/vg_system/lv_var; resize2fs /dev/vg_system/lv_var. The system reports error: 'resize2fs: Invalid argument while trying to open /dev/vg_system/lv_var'. What is the most likely mistake?

A production server runs RHEL 8 with a software RAID 5 array (/dev/md0) composed of three disks: /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc. The array is used to store database files. The server experiences a disk failure on /dev/sdc. The admin replaces /dev/sdc with an identical disk and wants to rebuild the array. He runs: mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdc. The command completes without error, but the array shows a degraded state after several hours. What should the admin do next?

A system administrator is configuring a new RHEL 9 server with two 500GB SSDs. The requirement: create a 200GB XFS filesystem for /srv/data that is resilient to disk failure. The admin decides to create a RAID 1 (mirror) using mdadm with partitions on each disk: /dev/sda1 and /dev/sdb1, each 200GB. He creates the partitions with fdisk, then runs: mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1. The array is created and synced. He then creates a physical volume, volume group, and logical volume on top of /dev/md0, formats with XFS, and mounts. Later, a disk fails. After replacing the failed disk, he recreates the partition with identical size and runs: mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdb1. The command fails with 'Device /dev/sdb1 is busy'. What is the most likely cause?

A RHEL 8 system has an ext4 filesystem on /dev/sdb1 mounted at /backup. The admin runs out of space and wants to extend the filesystem. He adds a new disk /dev/sdc, creates a partition /dev/sdc1 (all space), adds it to LVM by creating a PV and extending the VG that contains the LV for /backup. He then extends the logical volume with lvextend -L+20G /dev/vg_backup/lv_backup. The command succeeds, but the filesystem still shows the old size. What did he forget to do?

An admin is setting up a new RHEL 9 server. He has two disks: /dev/sda (500GB) and /dev/sdb (500GB). He wants to create a 300GB logical volume for application data, with the ability to take snapshots. He decides to use LVM thin provisioning. He creates a physical volume on /dev/sda, a volume group vg_data, and a thin pool with 300GB of data space and 10GB metadata. He then creates a thin volume lv_app of 300GB. Later, he wants to extend lv_app to 400GB as usage increases. He runs 'lvextend -L+100G /dev/vg_data/lv_app'. The command succeeds, but the application reports no additional space. What is the likely issue?

During a system audit, an administrator finds that a filesystem mounted at /srv/data with ext4 is not showing in /etc/fstab. Further investigation reveals that the underlying device is an LVM logical volume lv_data in vg_data. The administrator wants to ensure the filesystem is mounted at boot. He adds an entry to /etc/fstab using the device path /dev/vg_data/lv_data. On reboot, the system fails to mount the filesystem and enters emergency mode. The logical volume and filesystem are intact. What is the most likely reason for the failure?

Which THREE of the following are valid steps to create and mount an XFS filesystem on a new disk /dev/sdb?

A system administrator runs the following command: # vgextend mydata-vg /dev/sdc. After successfully extending the volume group, what is the next step to make the additional space available in the logical volume mydata-lv?

A system administrator is managing a Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 server that uses LVM for storage. The volume group 'vgdata' contains two 500 GB physical volumes (sdb and sdc) with a logical volume 'lvdata' of 800 GB formatted with XFS and mounted at /data. The administrator adds a new 200 GB disk /dev/sdd and intends to use all of its capacity to extend lvdata. The following commands are executed in order: pvcreate /dev/sdd, vgextend vgdata /dev/sdd, lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/vgdata/lvdata. The lvextend command completes successfully, but running 'df -h /data' still shows 800 GB. What is the most likely reason?

Refer to the exhibit. An administrator wants to create a logical volume named 'data' of size 5GB in volume group 'myvg' and mount it at /data. What is the correct sequence of commands?

Refer to the exhibit. An administrator runs 'mount -o remount,ro /data' and then 'mount' shows /data as read-only. Later, the system is rebooted. What is the state of /data after reboot?

Refer to the exhibit. After extending the logical volume, why does the df output still show 5.0G?

Refer to the exhibit. An administrator attempts to mount the partition but receives an error. Which command should be run first to resolve the issue?

Refer to the exhibit. After re-adding the disk, the recovery process shows 0% progress and remains at 0. What is the most likely cause?