XK0-006 System Management Practice Test 9 — 15 Questions

Question 1

A Linux administrator needs to locate all files in the /var/log directory that have been modified within the last 2 days and contain the word 'error' (case-insensitive). Which command accomplishes this?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

find /var/log -mtime -2 -exec grep -li 'error' {} \;. The correct command uses -mtime -2 to find files modified less than 2 days ago, and -exec grep -li 'error' to perform a case-insensitive search for 'error' in file contents, listing filenames. Option A uses -mtime +2 (files older than 2 days). Option B uses -name to match filenames, not content. Option C uses grep -l without -i, so it would miss case variations.

Answer

find /var/log -mtime +2 -exec grep -li 'error' {} \;

Answer

find /var/log -name '*error*' -mtime -2

Answer

find /var/log -mtime -2 -exec grep -l 'error' {} \;

Question 2

A user wants to change the permissions of a file to give the owner full control, the group read and execute, and others no access. Which of the following chmod commands will achieve this?

Accepted Answer

chmod 750 file. The numeric chmod mode 750 translates to owner=7 (read+write+execute = 4+2+1), group=5 (read+execute = 4+1), and others=0 (no access). This exactly matches the requirement: owner full control, group read and execute, others no access.

Answer

chmod 700 file

Answer

chmod 770 file

Answer

chmod 755 file

Question 3

An administrator needs to add an ACL entry to a file that grants the user 'john' read and write permissions. The file currently has no ACLs. Which command should the administrator use?

Accepted Answer

setfacl -m u:john:rw file. The correct command is setfacl -m u:john:rw file. setfacl is used to modify ACLs. getfacl is used to display ACLs and does not support a -m option for modifying ACLs on standard Linux systems.

Answer

chmod u+rw file

Answer

setfacl -x u:john file

Answer

getfacl -m u:john:rw file

Question 4

Which of the following directories in the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) contains variable data files such as logs, spool files, and temporary files that persist across reboots?

Accepted Answer

/var. /var is for variable data like logs, spool, and temporary files that persist. /tmp is for temporary files that may be cleared on reboot. /etc is for configuration files. /opt is for optional add-on software.

Answer

/opt

Answer

/etc

Answer

/tmp

Question 5

A system administrator wants to view the last 10 lines of a log file and also save those lines to another file for analysis. Which command should the administrator use?

Accepted Answer

tail -n 10 file | tee output.txt. The command 'tail -n 10 file | tee output.txt' displays the last 10 lines of the file and simultaneously writes those lines to output.txt. The tail command extracts the last 10 lines, and tee duplicates the output to both the terminal and the specified file.

Answer

head -n 10 file | tee output.txt

Answer

cat file | tee output.txt

Answer

tee output.txt < tail -n 10 file

Question 6

During the boot process, after the kernel is loaded and the initramfs is executed, which component is responsible for starting the user-space services and managing the system state?

Accepted Answer

systemd. Systemd is the init system that starts services and manages targets. GRUB2 is the bootloader that loads the kernel. The kernel itself initializes hardware. Initramfs is an initial root filesystem used to load drivers.

Answer

initramfs

Answer

GRUB2

Answer

Kernel

Question 7

An administrator wants to find all files in the current directory tree that are larger than 100 MB and have the .log extension. Which find command will accomplish this?

Accepted Answer

find . -name '*.log' -size +100M. Find . -name '*.log' -size +100M. This command searches recursively from the current directory (.) for files with names matching '*.log' (-name '*.log') and with size greater than 100 MB (-size +100M). Option B is incorrect because the size syntax +100MB is wrong; the correct suffix is M for megabytes. Option C uses -size -100M which finds files smaller than 100 MB. Option D uses -type f (files only) but does not filter by .log extension, so it would include all files larger than 100 MB regardless of extension.

Answer

find . -name '*.log' -size +100MB

Answer

find . -name '*.log' -size -100M

Answer

find . -type f -size +100M

Question 8

Which command displays the amount of disk space used and available on mounted filesystems in a human-readable format (e.g., GB, MB)?

Accepted Answer

df -h. The `df -h` command displays disk space usage for all mounted filesystems, with the `-h` flag converting raw block counts into human-readable units like GB or MB. This is the standard Linux utility for reporting filesystem capacity, usage, and available space, making it the correct choice for the question.

Answer

lsblk

Answer

du -h

Answer

fdisk -l

Question 9

An administrator wants to replace all occurrences of 'oldstring' with 'newstring' in a configuration file named config.cfg, and save the changes. Which sed command should be used?

Accepted Answer

sed -i 's/oldstring/newstring/g' config.cfg. It uses -i for in-place editing and g to replace all occurrences on each line. Option A has -i but lacks g, so it replaces only the first occurrence per line. Option C adds an unnecessary i flag for case-insensitive matching, which deviates from the requirement to replace 'oldstring' exactly as given. Option D lacks -i, so changes are only printed to stdout and not saved.

Answer

sed -i 's/oldstring/newstring/' config.cfg

Answer

sed -i 's/oldstring/newstring/gi' config.cfg

Answer

sed 's/oldstring/newstring/' config.cfg

Question 10

A Linux administrator needs to identify which of the following filesystems are journaling filesystems commonly used in Linux. (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

ext4. ext4 (B) is a journaling filesystem that maintains a journal to record metadata changes before committing them, enabling fast recovery after crashes, and it is the default on many Linux distributions. btrfs (D) is a copy-on-write filesystem with built-in journaling-like consistency via its COW transaction mechanism, widely used in Linux for snapshots and checksumming. xfs (E) is a high-performance journaling filesystem developed by SGI and commonly used in Linux for large files and parallel I/O. swap (A) is not a filesystem for storing files but a raw swap space used for virtual memory paging, and FAT32 (C) is a non-journaling filesystem from the FAT family that lacks journaling and metadata consistency features.

Answer

swap

Answer

FAT32

Question 11

A user has a file with permissions set to 644. Which of the following commands will add the setuid permission to the file? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

chmod u+s file. Option A, chmod u+s file, is correct because the u+s symbolic mode adds the setuid bit to the user (owner) permission triad, which is exactly the setuid permission requested. Option D, chmod 4644 file, is correct because in the four-digit octal notation the leading digit represents special permissions, and the value 4 in that position is the setuid bit, so 4644 sets setuid while preserving the existing 644 rw-r--r-- permissions. Option B, chmod g+s file, is wrong because g+s sets the setgid bit on the group triad, not setuid. Option C, chmod 1644 file, is wrong because the leading 1 sets the sticky bit, not setuid. Option E, chmod 2644 file, is wrong because the leading 2 sets the setgid bit, not setuid.

Answer

chmod g+s file

Answer

chmod 1644 file

Answer

chmod 2644 file

Question 12

Which of the following commands can be used to display the contents of a file one page at a time? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

less. Option A, less, is correct because it is a pager that displays a file's contents one screen (page) at a time, allowing forward and backward navigation with keys like Space, b, and q. Option E, more, is also correct because it is a pager that shows file contents one page at a time, advancing with Space and exiting with q, though it traditionally only scrolls forward. Option B, head, is incorrect because it prints only the first 10 lines (by default) and exits, not paging through the file. Option C, cat, is incorrect because it concatenates and dumps the entire file to standard output at once without pagination. Option D, tail, is incorrect because it prints only the last 10 lines (by default) and exits, not displaying the file page by page.

Answer

head

Answer

cat

Answer

tail

Question 13

A Linux administrator needs to locate all files in /var/log that were modified more than 7 days ago. Which command should be used?

Accepted Answer

find /var/log -mtime +7. The find command with -mtime +7 finds files modified more than 7 days ago. locate uses a database and does not support -mtime; grep is for text search; ls does not filter by modification time.

Answer

grep -mtime +7 /var/log

Answer

ls -mtime +7 /var/log

Answer

locate -mtime +7 /var/log

Question 14

A user wants to create a hard link named 'linkfile' to an existing file 'original'. Which command accomplishes this?

Accepted Answer

ln original linkfile. The ln command without -s creates a hard link. ln -s creates a symbolic link. cp copies the file; mv moves it.

Answer

mv original linkfile

Answer

ln -s original linkfile

Answer

cp original linkfile

Question 15

An administrator notices that a service named 'httpd' is not running. They want to check its current status and, if inactive, start it. Which set of systemctl commands should be used?

Accepted Answer

systemctl status httpd; if inactive, systemctl start httpd. systemctl status httpd shows the status; if inactive, systemctl start httpd starts it. The other options have incorrect commands or syntax.

Answer

systemctl list-units httpd; if inactive, systemctl run httpd

Answer

systemctl show httpd; if inactive, systemctl launch httpd

Answer

systemctl is-active httpd; if inactive, systemctl enable httpd