FC0-U71 Data and Database Fundamentals — 30 Questions

Question 1

Which of the following is a primary advantage of using a database over a flat file system for storing customer records?

Accepted Answer

Supports simultaneous multi-user access. Databases support concurrent multi-user access with locking mechanisms, while flat files cannot handle simultaneous writes safely.

Answer

Simpler to set up and manage

Answer

Stores data in a non-structured format

Answer

No need for a query language

Question 2

A database administrator wants to enforce that every record in the 'Orders' table must have a non-null unique value in the 'OrderID' column. Which database concept ensures this?

Accepted Answer

Entity integrity. Entity integrity requires a primary key to be unique and not null for each row.

Answer

Referential integrity

Answer

Input validation

Answer

Domain integrity

Question 3

In a relational database, a foreign key in the 'Enrollments' table references the primary key of the 'Students' table. What does this relationship primarily enforce?

Accepted Answer

Referential integrity. Foreign keys enforce referential integrity, ensuring that values in the foreign key column match a primary key value in the referenced table.

Answer

Entity integrity

Answer

Normalization

Answer

Domain integrity

Question 4

A company stores product data in a MongoDB database. Each product document contains fields like 'name', 'price', and 'tags' (an array). What type of NoSQL database is MongoDB?

Accepted Answer

Document store. MongoDB is a document-oriented NoSQL database that stores data in JSON-like documents.

Answer

Wide-column store

Answer

Graph database

Answer

Key-value store

Question 5

Which SQL statement is used to retrieve all columns from a table named 'Customers' where the city is 'London'?

Accepted Answer

SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE city = 'London';. The SELECT statement retrieves data. The correct syntax is: SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE city = 'London';

Answer

RETRIEVE * FROM Customers WHERE city = 'London';

Answer

SELECT * FROM Customers HAVING city = 'London';

Answer

GET * FROM Customers WHERE city = 'London';

Question 6

A database designer wants to split a table into two to reduce data redundancy and avoid update anomalies. This process is known as:

Accepted Answer

Normalization. Normalization is the process of organizing data to reduce redundancy and improve integrity.

Answer

Denormalization

Answer

Indexing

Answer

Partitioning

Question 7

Which DBMS is an example of a proprietary relational database system?

Accepted Answer

Oracle Database. Oracle Database is proprietary (commercial). MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite are open-source.

Answer

MySQL

Answer

PostgreSQL

Answer

SQLite

Question 8

A company uses a cloud database service where the provider automatically handles backups, patching, and scaling. This deployment model is known as:

Accepted Answer

Database as a Service (DBaaS). Database-as-a-Service (DBaaS) is a cloud service where the provider manages the database infrastructure.

Answer

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Answer

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Answer

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Question 9

Which SQL command is used to add a new row to a table?

Accepted Answer

INSERT INTO. INSERT INTO is the SQL command for adding new rows.

Answer

ADD

Answer

CREATE

Answer

UPDATE

Question 10

In a relational database, which type of relationship is typically implemented by creating a third table (junction table) that contains foreign keys from both related tables?

Accepted Answer

Many-to-many. Many-to-many relationships require a junction table to associate records from both sides.

Answer

Self-referencing

Answer

One-to-one

Answer

One-to-many

Question 11

A database has a 'Students' table with columns: StudentID (primary key), Name, Major. Another table 'Enrollments' has columns: EnrollmentID (primary key), StudentID (foreign key), CourseID. Which SQL query correctly lists each student's name and their enrolled courses by joining the tables?

Accepted Answer

SELECT Name, CourseID FROM Students INNER JOIN Enrollments ON Students.StudentID = Enrollments.StudentID;. INNER JOIN returns only rows where the join condition (Students.StudentID = Enrollments.StudentID) is satisfied, which lists each student's name only if they have at least one enrollment. Option A (RIGHT JOIN) would include all enrollments, even if a StudentID does not match a student, resulting in NULL names for orphaned enrollments. Option C uses an implicit cross join (comma) with a WHERE clause; though it produces the same result set, it is not considered a proper JOIN statement and is less clear, so it does not meet the requirement of 'joining tables'. Option D (LEFT JOIN) would include students with no enrollments, showing NULL for CourseID, which does not match the requirement of listing only enrolled courses.

Answer

SELECT Name, CourseID FROM Students RIGHT JOIN Enrollments ON Students.StudentID = Enrollments.StudentID;

Answer

SELECT Name, CourseID FROM Students, Enrollments WHERE Students.StudentID = Enrollments.StudentID;

Answer

SELECT Name, CourseID FROM Students LEFT JOIN Enrollments ON Students.StudentID = Enrollments.StudentID;

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic of a NoSQL database compared to a relational database?

Accepted Answer

Supports flexible schema. NoSQL databases often have a flexible schema, allowing different structures in the same collection.

Answer

Requires normalized data

Answer

Enforces strict schema definition

Answer

Uses SQL for queries

Question 13

A database administrator needs to choose a database for an e-commerce application that requires high availability and automatic scaling. Which TWO options are cloud database services?

Accepted Answer

Google Cloud SQL. Amazon RDS and Google Cloud SQL are cloud-based DBaaS offerings.

Answer

SQLite

Answer

Microsoft SQL Server Express

Answer

MySQL Community Edition

Question 14

A university database includes tables: 'Professors' (ProfessorID, Name, Department) and 'Courses' (CourseID, Title, ProfessorID). Which THREE statements about this design are correct?

Accepted Answer

The primary key of Professors is ProfessorID.. ProfessorID in Courses is a foreign key; many courses can have the same professor (one-to-many); the primary key of Professors is ProfessorID.

Answer

The primary key of Professors is CourseID.

Answer

The relationship between Professors and Courses is many-to-many.

Question 15

Which TWO of the following are examples of NoSQL database types?

Accepted Answer

Document store. Document stores (e.g., MongoDB) and key-value stores (e.g., Redis) are NoSQL types.

Answer

Spreadsheet

Answer

Relational database

Answer

Flat file

Question 16

A company needs to store customer orders and ensure that each order is uniquely identified. Which database concept should be used?

Accepted Answer

Primary key. A primary key uniquely identifies each row in a table, ensuring no duplicates and no null values.

Answer

Constraint

Answer

Index

Answer

Foreign key

Question 17

A database designer wants to reduce data redundancy and avoid update anomalies. Which process should be applied?

Accepted Answer

Normalization. Normalization is the process of organizing data to minimize redundancy and dependency, typically by dividing tables and establishing relationships.

Answer

Denormalization

Answer

Encryption

Answer

Indexing

Question 18

A cloud database service is being considered for a startup to avoid hardware maintenance and allow automatic scaling. Which type of service is this?

Accepted Answer

Database as a Service (DBaaS). Database-as-a-Service (DBaaS) provides managed database instances in the cloud, handling maintenance, backups, and scaling.

Answer

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Answer

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Answer

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Question 19

A user needs to retrieve all product names and prices from a table named 'Products' where the price is greater than 50. Which SQL statement should be used?

Accepted Answer

SELECT name, price FROM Products WHERE price > 50;. The SELECT statement with a WHERE clause filters rows based on a condition.

Answer

GET name, price FROM Products WHERE price > 50;

Answer

SELECT name, price FROM Products;

Answer

SELECT * FROM Products WHERE price > 50;

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a NoSQL database?

Accepted Answer

It provides a flexible schema for unstructured data.. NoSQL databases are designed for flexible schema and can handle unstructured data, often used for big data and real-time web applications.

Answer

It stores data in tables with rows and columns.

Answer

It uses SQL for querying.

Answer

It enforces strict referential integrity.