ISC2 CC Quick Quiz — 10 Questions

Question 1

A security analyst discovers that a user's account has been used to access sensitive data outside of normal business hours from an unfamiliar IP address. The user claims they were not logged in at that time. Which security operations process should be initiated first?

Accepted Answer

Initiate the incident response process. Option D is correct because the scenario describes a potential security incident—unauthorized access to sensitive data from an unfamiliar IP address outside business hours—which requires immediate activation of the incident response process. The first step in any security operations workflow is to follow the organization's incident response plan (NIST SP 800-61) to contain, analyze, and remediate the threat. Jumping to forensic analysis, password resets, or account disabling without a coordinated incident response can destroy evidence or fail to address the root cause.

Answer

Perform a forensic analysis of the user's workstation

Answer

Reset the user's password and enforce multi-factor authentication

Answer

Disable the user account immediately

Question 2

An organization wants to ensure that data remains unaltered during transmission over the internet. Which security goal is being addressed?

Accepted Answer

Integrity. Integrity ensures that data is not altered during transmission, typically verified through cryptographic hash functions (e.g., SHA-256) or message authentication codes (MACs) such as HMAC. Protocols like TLS use integrity checks to detect any unauthorized modification of packets in transit, directly addressing the requirement that data remains unaltered.

Answer

Non-repudiation

Answer

Availability

Answer

Confidentiality

Question 3

A security auditor discovers that a user has been granted read and write access to a sensitive file, but the user's job only requires read access. Which access control principle has been violated?

Accepted Answer

Least privilege. The principle of least privilege dictates that users should be granted only the minimum permissions necessary to perform their job functions. Granting write access when only read access is required violates this principle by providing unnecessary and potentially harmful capabilities. This is a core access control concept in the CC exam.

Answer

Job rotation

Answer

Need-to-know

Answer

Separation of duties

Question 4

A company's network uses 802.1X authentication with PEAP-MSCHAPv2 on wired ports. Users report that after a recent switch firmware update, some workstations fail to authenticate intermittently, while others work fine. The authentication server logs show 'Authentication failed: Unknown CA certificate' for affected workstations. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

The switch is now using a different certificate that is not trusted by the clients. The error 'Unknown CA certificate' indicates that the client does not trust the certificate presented by the RADIUS server during PEAP-MSCHAPv2 authentication. After a switch firmware update, the switch may have been reconfigured to use a different server certificate (e.g., a self-signed or internally issued certificate) that is not in the trusted root store of the affected workstations. Since PEAP requires the client to validate the server certificate, a mismatch causes intermittent authentication failures.

Answer

The switch is not forwarding EAP packets properly due to a firmware bug

Answer

The RADIUS shared secret was changed during the firmware update

Answer

The authentication server (NPS) is overloaded and dropping requests

Question 5

During a security audit, a penetration tester captures network traffic and finds that some packets have the IP ID field set to 0 and the DF (Don't Fragment) flag set. What is this technique attempting to do?

Accepted Answer

Perform a stealth scan using a zombie host to hide the attacker's identity. Setting the IP ID field to 0 and the DF flag in packets is characteristic of an idle scan (also known as a stealth scan). This technique uses a zombie host (with an incremental IP ID) to probe a target; by sending packets with DF set and IP ID 0 to the zombie, the attacker can observe changes in the zombie's IP ID to infer open ports on the target, thereby hiding the attacker's true IP address.

Answer

Spoof the source IP address of the attacker's machine

Answer

Launch a denial-of-service attack against the target

Answer

Evade a firewall by fragmenting packets

Question 6

A security operations team is implementing a new SIEM solution. They want to ensure that logs from all critical systems are collected and analyzed in real time. Which of the following is the MOST important consideration when designing the log collection architecture?

Accepted Answer

Ensure sufficient network bandwidth and storage capacity. The most critical factor in real-time log collection is ensuring that the network can handle the volume of log data without congestion and that storage can ingest and retain the data without dropping events. Without sufficient bandwidth, logs will be delayed or lost, defeating the purpose of real-time analysis. Storage capacity directly impacts the ability to retain and query logs for immediate and historical investigation.

Answer

Use a standardized log format for all systems

Answer

Encrypt all log transmissions in transit

Answer

Define a log retention policy of at least one year

Question 7

A company's security operations center (SOC) receives an alert about suspicious outbound traffic from a server in the DMZ to an external IP address known for command-and-control activity. The SOC analyst reviews the logs and sees that the source port is 443 and the destination port is 8080. Which of the following actions should the analyst take FIRST?

Accepted Answer

Isolate the server from the network and investigate further. The SOC analyst should first isolate the server from the network because the outbound traffic from a DMZ server to a known C2 IP address, using source port 443 (HTTPS) to destination port 8080 (HTTP alternate), indicates a potential compromise. Isolating the server stops the data exfiltration and prevents further C2 communication, allowing for a controlled forensic investigation without alerting the attacker. This aligns with the NIST SP 800-61 incident response process, where containment is prioritized before eradication or recovery.

Answer

Notify the incident response team and management immediately

Answer

Block the external IP address at the firewall

Answer

Modify the firewall rule to deny all outbound traffic from the DMZ

Question 8

A SOC analyst is investigating a potential data exfiltration incident. The logs show that an internal user transferred a large volume of data to a cloud storage service using HTTPS. The analyst finds that the user's workstation has BitLocker Drive Encryption enabled, and the user has administrative privileges. Which of the following best describes the PRIMARY challenge in investigating this incident?

Accepted Answer

The user has administrative privileges, which could allow them to cover their tracks. The primary challenge is that administrative privileges allow the user to tamper with logs, disable security monitoring, or use tools to cover their tracks, making forensic reconstruction difficult. Even with BitLocker and HTTPS, the SOC can still analyze network logs and endpoint telemetry, but admin rights directly undermine the integrity of evidence on the workstation.

Answer

The volume of data transferred makes it difficult to determine what was exfiltrated

Answer

The data was transferred over HTTPS, which cannot be decrypted by the SOC

Answer

BitLocker encryption prevents access to the hard drive for forensic analysis

Question 9

A company is implementing an access control system to protect sensitive data. Employees in the finance department must access financial records, but only during business hours and from company-issued devices. Which access control model best supports these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Rule-Based Access Control (RuBAC). Rule-Based Access Control (RuBAC) is the correct choice because it enforces access decisions based on a set of predefined rules, such as time-of-day restrictions and device compliance. In this scenario, the rules 'business hours only' and 'company-issued devices only' are static conditions that can be implemented as access control rules (e.g., using a firewall ACL or a policy engine) without requiring user attributes or labels. RuBAC is ideal when access is governed by operational policies that are not tied to user identity or data classification.

Answer

Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)

Answer

Discretionary Access Control (DAC)

Answer

Mandatory Access Control (MAC)

Question 10

A security administrator is reviewing the principles of access control. Which TWO of the following are core components of the AAA framework? (Select TWO.)

Accepted Answer

Authorization. The AAA framework consists of Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting. Authentication verifies the identity of a user or device (e.g., via RADIUS or TACACS+). Authorization determines what resources or actions the authenticated entity is permitted to access (e.g., via privilege levels or ACLs). Accounting tracks and logs user activities for auditing and billing purposes. Therefore, Authorization (A) and Authentication (D) are two of the three core components of AAA.

Answer

Identification

Answer

Non-repudiation

Answer

Auditing