Google ACE Deploying and Implementing a Cloud Solution — All Questions With Answers

Question 1easymultiple choice

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You want to create a Compute Engine instance with a default machine type of n1-standard-1, using the latest Debian 11 image, with a 50GB boot disk, in the us-central1-a zone. Which gcloud command accomplishes this?

Question 2hardmultiple choice

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An organization needs to deploy a containerized web application on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) and expose it to the internet with a static IP address. The cluster is regional, with 3 nodes. Which sequence of kubectl commands achieves this?

Question 3easymultiple choice

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You need to create a Cloud Storage bucket with the default storage class for frequently accessed data in the us-west1 region. Which command creates the bucket?

Question 4mediummultiple choice

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You are using Terraform to manage a GKE cluster. After running 'terraform apply', the cluster is created. Later, you manually delete the cluster via the Cloud Console. What should you do next to align your Terraform state with the actual infrastructure?

Question 5mediummulti select

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You are using gsutil to upload files to a Cloud Storage bucket. You need to set the storage class of the objects to Nearline. Which TWO methods can you use?

Question 6easymultiple choice

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You created a Cloud Run service from source code using gcloud run deploy --source . --region us-central1 --platform managed. Where can you view the build logs and runtime logs?

Question 7mediummulti select

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You need to create a Cloud Storage bucket with a retention policy that prevents object deletion for 30 days. Which TWO steps are necessary?

Question 8easymultiple choice

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An engineer wants to create a Compute Engine instance with a specific machine type, a custom network subnet, and a startup script. Which gcloud command correctly creates such an instance?

Question 9hardmultiple choice

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An organization has strict security policies requiring that all Compute Engine instances use OS Login for SSH access instead of metadata-based SSH keys. Which two actions must be taken to enforce this for all new instances? (Choose two.)

Question 10mediummultiple choice

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A developer is using Cloud Functions with HTTP trigger. The function needs to process a request payload and return a response. What is the correct way to send a JSON response from the function?

Question 11hardmultiple choice

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A company is using a managed instance group (MIG) with autoscaling based on CPU utilization. The application is memory-intensive, and the team notices that new instances are not being created quickly enough during traffic spikes. What should the engineer do to improve responsiveness?

Question 12hardmulti select

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An engineer needs to allow an external IP address (203.0.113.5) to access a Compute Engine instance that only has an internal IP. The instance is in a VPC with Cloud NAT. Which TWO steps are necessary to enable this access?

Question 13easymultiple choice

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A developer wants to create a Compute Engine instance with the default Debian 11 image, a 50 GB boot disk, and in a specific subnet. Which command should be used?

Question 14mediummultiple choice

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A company has a managed instance group (MIG) with a fixed number of instances. They want to add an autoscaling policy that scales based on CPU utilization, with a target utilization of 60%. Which command should be used to update the MIG?

Question 15mediummultiple choice

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A DevOps engineer needs to deploy a containerized application to Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) using a Deployment YAML file. The cluster is already created and kubectl is configured. Which command should they use to create the deployment?

Question 16easymultiple choice

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A developer needs to create a Cloud Storage bucket with the 'Nearline' storage class in the 'us-east1' region for storing data that is accessed less than once a month. Which command should be used?

Question 17mediummultiple choice

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A developer needs to make a Cloud Storage bucket publicly readable for all users. Which gsutil command should be used to set the appropriate IAM binding?

Question 18mediummulti select

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A company wants to deploy a web application that receives high traffic and requires automatic scaling based on CPU usage, with zero-downtime deployments. The application is containerized. Which TWO services should be considered? (Choose 2 correct answers.)

Question 19mediummultiple choice

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A developer wants to create a Compute Engine instance with the default Debian 11 image, 50 GB boot disk, in the us-west1-a zone, and attach it to the default VPC subnet. Which command should they run?

Question 20easymultiple choice

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An administrator needs to create a Cloud Storage bucket in the US multi-region with the 'nearline' storage class. Which command should they use?

Question 21mediummultiple choice

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A developer wants to make objects in a Cloud Storage bucket publicly readable. They want to grant access to allUsers with the objectViewer role. Which command should they use?

Question 22mediummultiple choice

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A team needs to set up autoscaling for a managed instance group based on CPU utilization. They want the average CPU across the group to stay around 60%. Which autoscaling policy configuration should they use?

Question 23easymulti select

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A developer wants to deploy a Cloud Run service from source code in a local directory. Which two commands or steps are necessary? (Choose two.)

Question 24mediummultiple choice

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A team is using Terraform to manage Google Cloud infrastructure. They want to store Terraform state files in a remote backend that supports locking to prevent concurrent modifications. Which backend should they use?

Question 25hardmultiple choice

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A developer created a Cloud Function with HTTP trigger. When they send a POST request to the function's URL, they get a 403 Forbidden error. The function is deployed with --allow-unauthenticated flag? What is the most likely cause?

Question 26hardmultiple choice

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A company's application running on Compute Engine uses a startup script to install software. The script is failing intermittently. The engineer wants to view the startup script output for a specific instance to debug. How can they access the startup script logs?

Question 27mediummulti select

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A company wants to deploy a stateless web application on Google Cloud. The application should automatically scale based on CPU utilization and distribute traffic across instances. Which TWO services can meet these requirements?

Question 28hardmulti select

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An organization needs to deploy a containerized application on GKE that requires persistent storage. The storage must be highly available across zones within a region. Which THREE components are required to achieve this?

Question 29hardmultiple choice

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A company has a managed instance group (MIG) with an autoscaler based on CPU utilization. The MIG is not scaling up even though CPU utilization is consistently above 80%. The instances are running a batch processing workload that takes several minutes to finish. What is the most likely cause?

Question 30hardmultiple choice

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A team wants to use Cloud Run to deploy a container that processes messages from a Pub/Sub topic. The container is stateless and the workload is expected to have irregular traffic spikes with high concurrency. Which scaling configuration is most appropriate?

Question 31mediummulti select

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A company wants to deploy a stateless microservice on GCP. The service experiences unpredictable traffic bursts and must scale to zero when idle to minimize costs. Which two services meet these requirements?

Question 32mediummultiple choice

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An engineer needs to create a Compute Engine instance with a specific custom subnet, an Ubuntu 20.04 LTS image, and a 50 GB boot disk. The engineer also wants to run a startup script that installs Apache. Which gcloud command should the engineer use to create this instance?

Question 33hardmultiple choice

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An engineer is deploying a containerized application on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) and needs to expose it to the internet with a static external IP address. The cluster is in a VPC-native configuration. Which approach should the engineer take to meet this requirement?

Question 34easymultiple choice

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A company wants to store backup files that are accessed only a few times per year, with retrieval times of up to a few hours. The files must be stored at the lowest possible cost. Which Cloud Storage storage class should the company use?

Question 35hardmultiple choice

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A team is using Terraform to manage Google Cloud resources. They want to store the Terraform state file in a Cloud Storage bucket to enable collaboration. The bucket is in project 'state-project'. Which backend configuration should they use?

Question 36easymultiple choice

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An administrator needs to create a Cloud Storage bucket in the US with the Nearline storage class and make objects publicly readable via IAM. Which gcloud command should they use to create the bucket?

Question 37mediummultiple choice

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An engineer deployed a container to Cloud Run but the service is not receiving traffic. The engineer checks the logs and finds no errors. The container listens on port 8080. What is the most likely cause of the issue?

Question 38hardmulti select

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A company is migrating a legacy monolithic application to GKE. The application consists of multiple microservices that need to communicate with each other. The team wants to manage traffic routing, implement canary deployments, and provide SSL termination. Which three Google Cloud services should they consider using together? (Choose three.)

Question 39mediummulti select

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An engineer is deploying a Cloud Function that processes files uploaded to a Cloud Storage bucket. The function needs to be triggered by new object creation events. The engineer has already written the function code. Which commands should the engineer run to create the bucket and deploy the function with the correct trigger? (Choose three.)

Question 40easymultiple choice

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An engineer needs to create a Compute Engine instance with 4 vCPUs, 16 GB of memory, and a 100 GB boot disk using the Ubuntu 22.04 LTS image. Which gcloud command accomplishes this?

Question 41mediummultiple choice

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A company has a managed instance group (MIG) of web servers behind a load balancer. They want to deploy a new version of the application with zero downtime and the ability to roll back quickly if issues arise. Which update strategy should they use?

Question 42hardmultiple choice

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An organization needs to deploy a Cloud Function that processes messages from a Pub/Sub topic and writes results to BigQuery. The function must be triggered by every message published to the topic. Which deployment command is correct?

Question 43easymultiple choice

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A developer needs to upload a large number of files from their local machine to a Cloud Storage bucket. Which command should they use?

Question 44hardmultiple choice

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A DevOps engineer needs to create a GKE cluster with 3 nodes per zone in us-central1-a and us-central1-b, with nodes of type e2-standard-2. The cluster should be regional. Which command is correct?

Question 45mediummulti select

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A developer wants to deploy a containerized application to GKE and expose it externally via a load balancer. Which three kubectl commands are needed? (Choose THREE.)

Question 46hardmulti select

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An engineer needs to create a Cloud Storage bucket for storing sensitive financial data that must be encrypted at rest using a customer-managed encryption key (CMEK) stored in Cloud KMS. Which three actions are required? (Choose THREE.)

Question 47hardmulti select

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A DevOps engineer is setting up a CI/CD pipeline that deploys a containerized application to Cloud Run. The application source code is in a Cloud Source Repository. Which three steps are required to deploy from source? (Choose THREE.)

Question 48mediummulti select

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A company has a Cloud SQL for MySQL instance that needs to be replicated to a different region for disaster recovery. Which two actions should they take? (Choose TWO.)

Question 49easymultiple choice

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An engineer needs to create a Compute Engine VM instance with the following specifications: 4 vCPUs, 16 GB memory, running the latest Debian 11 image, a 50 GB boot disk, and attached to a specific subnet. Which command should be used?

Question 50mediummulti select

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An organization wants to migrate on-premises databases to Cloud SQL. They have a PostgreSQL database and a MySQL database. They require high availability with automatic failover and regional resilience. Which THREE steps should they take?

Question 51mediummultiple choice

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You have a managed instance group (MIG) with instances that need to run a startup script to configure monitoring agents. You created the instance template without a startup script. Which action should you take to add the startup script?

Question 52mediummultiple choice

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You deployed a Cloud Run service with gcloud run deploy --image gcr.io/my-project/my-image --platform managed --region us-central1 --allow-unauthenticated. Users report intermittent 503 errors. What is the most likely cause?

Question 53hardmultiple choice

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You are managing a Cloud Functions deployment that processes messages from a Pub/Sub topic. You need to ensure the function can read messages from the topic and acknowledge them. Which IAM role should you assign to the function's service account?

Question 54mediummulti select

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You need to deploy an application that requires a regional MySQL database with automated backups, high availability, and failover. You also need to store static assets that are publicly accessible. Which TWO Google Cloud services should you use?

Question 55easymultiple choice

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You need to allow SSH access to a Compute Engine instance. Which method is the recommended way to manage SSH keys for multiple users?

Question 56hardmulti select

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You are deploying a high-traffic web application on GKE. You need to automatically scale the number of pods based on CPU utilization. Which THREE steps are required to set up Horizontal Pod Autoscaling (HPA)?

Question 57mediummultiple choice

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You need to deploy a Cloud Function that is triggered by HTTP requests. You want to pass configuration parameters to the function at deployment time. Which approach should you use?

Question 58hardmultiple choice

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You are managing a Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance. You need to import a SQL dump file stored in a Cloud Storage bucket. The file is 10GB. Which command should you use?

Question 59mediummultiple choice

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A developer is deploying a containerized application on Cloud Run. The application needs to be invoked by external HTTPS requests without requiring authentication. Which flag should be included in the 'gcloud run deploy' command?

Question 60hardmultiple choice

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A team is using Terraform to manage infrastructure. They want to store the Terraform state file remotely in a GCS bucket for team collaboration. Which Terraform backend configuration is correct?

Question 61mediummultiple choice

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A Cloud Function needs to be triggered whenever a message is published to a Pub/Sub topic. Which 'gcloud functions deploy' command flag is required to set the trigger?

Question 62mediummultiple choice

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A company wants to deploy a microservice on GKE. The deployment requires 3 replicas, and the service must be accessible via a fixed public IP address. Which Kubernetes resource should be used to expose the deployment?

Question 63easymultiple choice

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Which gcloud command creates a regional GKE cluster named 'my-cluster' with 3 nodes per zone in the 'us-central1' region?

Question 64hardmultiple choice

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An engineer needs to migrate a large on-premises database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. The database is 500 GB and can tolerate a few hours of downtime. The migration must minimize manual intervention. Which approach should the engineer use?

Question 65mediummultiple choice

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An organization wants to use Cloud Storage to host a static website. The bucket name must match the domain name. They already own the domain 'example.com' and want to serve the site from 'www.example.com'. Which bucket name should they create?

Question 66easymultiple choice

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Which kubectl command is used to view the logs of a specific pod named 'my-pod'?

Question 67mediummulti select

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A team is deploying a web application on Cloud Run. The application needs to be available globally with low latency, and the team wants to use a custom domain with an SSL certificate. Which TWO actions are required to achieve this?

Question 68mediummulti select

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A company wants to set up a Cloud SQL for MySQL instance with automated backups and a read replica for disaster recovery. Which THREE features or configurations should be enabled?

Question 69hardmultiple choice

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A team is using Terraform to manage Google Cloud resources. They want to store the Terraform state file in a Cloud Storage bucket to enable collaboration. Which Terraform backend configuration should be used?

Question 70mediummultiple choice

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A data scientist wants to deploy a Python function that processes messages from a Pub/Sub topic whenever a new message arrives. The function should be stateless and run in a serverless environment. Which deployment command should be used?

Question 71mediummultiple choice

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A company wants to allow unauthenticated HTTP invocations of a container deployed on Cloud Run. Which flag should be included in the 'gcloud run deploy' command?

Question 72hardmultiple choice

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A Cloud SQL for MySQL instance needs to be created with the following requirements: MySQL 8.0, db-n1-standard-2 tier, in us-central1, with root password 'secret'. Which command meets these requirements?

Question 73mediummultiple choice

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An engineer needs to view the logs generated by a Cloud Run service to troubleshoot a recent deployment. Which service should they use?

Question 74hardmultiple choice

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A company wants to deploy a containerized application on Cloud Run that is built from source code in a local directory. They want Cloud Run to automatically build the container image using Cloud Build. Which command should be used?

Question 75easymultiple choice

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An engineer wants to create a regional GKE cluster with 3 nodes by default. Which command should be used?

Question 76hardmulti select

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A DevOps engineer is responsible for deploying a new microservice to GKE. They need to expose the service externally on a static IP address and scale based on HTTP request load. Which THREE resources must be created? (Choose 3 correct answers.)

Question 77mediummulti select

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A company wants to migrate an on-premises MySQL database to Cloud SQL with minimal downtime. The database is 500 GB. Which TWO steps should be taken? (Choose 2 correct answers.)

Question 78mediummultiple choice

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A company wants to deploy a containerized application on Google Cloud that automatically scales to zero when not in use, and they want to minimize operational overhead. They also need to avoid managing any underlying infrastructure such as Kubernetes clusters or VMs. Which service should they use?

Question 79hardmultiple choice

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A DevOps engineer is configuring a managed instance group (MIG) for a stateless web application. They want to ensure that when new instances are created via rolling update or autoscaling, a startup script runs to install security patches and deploy the latest application code from a Cloud Storage bucket. What is the BEST way to achieve this?

Question 80easymultiple choice

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A developer needs to create a zonal GKE cluster with 3 nodes of type e2-standard-4 in zone us-central1-a. Which command should they use?

Question 81mediummultiple choice

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After deploying a Kubernetes Deployment named 'web-app', a developer wants to expose it externally on a static IP address. Which kubectl command should they use?

Question 82hardmultiple choice

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A team is deploying a microservice to Cloud Run that needs to process messages from Pub/Sub. The service should only be invocable by Pub/Sub push deliveries, not by unauthenticated HTTP requests. What should the team do?

Question 83easymultiple choice

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You want to deploy a Cloud Function triggered by HTTP requests. The function is written in Node.js and the entry point function is named 'helloHttp'. Which command should you use?

Question 84mediummultiple choice

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A company wants to migrate an on-premises MySQL database to Cloud SQL. They need to import an existing SQL dump file stored in a Cloud Storage bucket. Which command should they use?

Question 85hardmultiple choice

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An engineer is using Terraform to manage GCP resources. They want to store the Terraform state file remotely so that the team can collaborate. Which backend configuration should they use?

Question 86mediummulti select

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A company is deploying a microservice on Cloud Run. They want to ensure that the service can handle high traffic spikes by allowing multiple concurrent requests per container instance. They also want to minimize cold starts. Which two settings should they configure? (Choose two.)

Question 87hardmulti select

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A DevOps engineer is creating a GKE cluster for a production workload that requires high availability and resilience to zone failures. They also need to deploy a stateless application that can scale based on CPU usage. Which two actions should they take? (Choose two.)

Question 88easymultiple choice

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A developer needs to create a Compute Engine VM with 4 vCPUs, 15 GB of memory, and a Debian 10 boot disk. Which gcloud compute instances create command is correct?

Question 89mediummultiple choice

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An organization wants to deploy a containerized web application on Google Cloud with minimum operational overhead. The application should scale to zero when not in use and only incur costs when serving requests. Which service should they choose?

Question 90hardmultiple choice

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A DevOps engineer needs to deploy a containerized microservice to Cloud Run that processes messages from Pub/Sub. The service must authenticate to Google Cloud APIs using a service account. Which Cloud Run deployment command should they use to ensure the service uses a specific service account?

Question 91mediummultiple choice

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An engineer deployed a new version of their application on GKE using a Deployment. Users report that the new version has a bug. The engineer wants to quickly revert to the previous version. How can they achieve this?

Question 92easymultiple choice

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A company wants to create a Cloud Storage bucket to store archival data that is accessed infrequently (less than once a year). The data must be stored at the lowest possible cost. Which storage class should they choose?

Question 93mediummultiple choice

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An organization needs to deploy a regional Cloud SQL MySQL instance with 4 vCPUs and 15 GB of memory. The instance should be highly available within a single region. Which gcloud command should they use?

Question 94mediummultiple choice

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A data analyst wants to import a SQL dump file from a Cloud Storage bucket into an existing Cloud SQL database. Which command should they use?

Question 95easymultiple choice

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An engineer needs to create a GKE cluster with 3 nodes of machine type e2-medium in the us-central1 region. Which command should they use?

Question 96mediummultiple choice

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A team is using Terraform to deploy infrastructure. They want to ensure that the Terraform state file is encrypted at rest using a customer-managed encryption key (CMEK). What should they configure?

Question 97easymulti select

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A developer wants to deploy a Cloud Function that is triggered by messages in a Pub/Sub topic. Which TWO flags are required in the gcloud functions deploy command?

Question 98mediummultiple choice

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A developer wants to create a Compute Engine instance with the container-optimized OS image in the default network. Which command should they use?

Question 99easymultiple choice

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An engineer needs to SSH into a Compute Engine instance using OS Login. What must be enabled first?

Question 100mediummultiple choice

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An organization wants to deploy a containerized web application on GKE. They need the application to be accessible from the internet via a stable IP address. Which service type should they use when exposing the deployment?

Question 101easymultiple choice

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Which gcloud command is used to deploy a Cloud Function triggered by HTTP requests?

Question 102mediummultiple choice

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A company wants to store archival data that is accessed less than once a year. The data must be preserved for 10 years. Which Cloud Storage storage class is most cost-effective?

Question 103hardmultiple choice

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A team is using Terraform to manage GCP infrastructure. They want to store the state file in a Cloud Storage bucket with versioning enabled. Which backend configuration is correct?

Question 104mediummultiple choice

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A developer wants to run a one-time query on a large dataset stored in Cloud Storage using BigQuery without loading the data into a table. Which feature should they use?

Question 105mediummultiple choice

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An administrator needs to create a Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance with 16 vCPUs and 60 GB of memory. Which tier should they specify?

Question 106easymultiple choice

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Which kubectl command lists all pods in the current namespace?

Question 107mediummultiple choice

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A company has a Cloud Run service that needs to access a Cloud SQL database. What is the recommended way to connect securely?

Question 108hardmulti select

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A data engineering team wants to create a Cloud Storage bucket for storing sensitive analytics data. They require encryption at rest with customer-managed keys (CMEK) and want to restrict access to a specific service account. Which three steps are necessary?

Question 109easymulti select

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A developer is deploying a new application on GKE and needs to configure a HorizontalPodAutoscaler (HPA). Which two resources are required for HPA to work correctly?

Question 110mediummultiple choice

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A team is creating a managed instance group (MIG) for a stateless web application. They need to ensure that instances are automatically replaced if they become unhealthy and that new instances are rolled out gradually with no downtime during updates. Which set of configurations should they use?

Question 111mediummultiple choice

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A developer wants to deploy a containerized application on Cloud Run from a source code repository, without building a container image manually. The application is written in Node.js and includes a Dockerfile. Which command should the developer use to deploy directly from source?

Question 112mediummultiple choice

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An engineer needs to create a Cloud SQL MySQL instance with 4 vCPUs, 15 GB of RAM, and a root password. The instance should be in the us-east1 region. Which command should the engineer run?

Question 113mediummultiple choice

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An engineer wants to deploy a Python function that processes messages from a Pub/Sub topic. The function should be triggered whenever a message is published to the topic. Which command should the engineer use to deploy the function?

Question 114hardmultiple choice

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An engineer is configuring a GKE cluster and wants to enable Horizontal Pod Autoscaling (HPA) for a deployment named 'web-frontend'. The deployment currently has 3 replicas. The engineer wants to automatically scale the number of pods based on CPU utilization, targeting 50% average CPU utilization. Which command should the engineer run?

Question 115easymultiple choice

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A developer needs to SSH into a Compute Engine instance that has OS Login enabled. The developer's Google account is already granted the roles/compute.osLogin role. Which command should the developer use to connect?

Question 116mediummulti select

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An engineer is using gsutil to upload a large number of files to a Cloud Storage bucket. The upload is proceeding very slowly. Which two actions could improve the upload performance? (Choose two.)

Question 117easymultiple choice

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A developer wants to deploy a containerized application to Cloud Run that should be publicly accessible over the internet. The container image is stored in Container Registry. Which gcloud command should they use?

Question 118mediummultiple choice

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A team is using Terraform to manage Google Cloud resources. They want to store the Terraform state file in a Cloud Storage bucket with versioning enabled. Which backend configuration should they use?

Question 119mediummultiple choice

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A company wants to run a stateful application on Compute Engine with persistent storage that can be attached to another instance in case of failure. Which storage option should they use?

Question 120mediummultiple choice

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An organization needs to import a SQL dump file from a Cloud Storage bucket into an existing Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance. Which command should they use?

Question 121mediummulti select

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A company runs a web application on Compute Engine instances behind a load balancer. They want to automatically scale the number of instances based on CPU utilization. Which two resources must they create? (Choose TWO.)

Question 122mediummulti select

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A company wants to deploy a new application on Google Cloud that requires a regional managed instance group with automatic scaling based on HTTP load. Which two resources must they create? (Choose TWO.)

Question 123mediummultiple choice

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A developer wants to deploy a containerized application on Google Cloud that automatically scales to zero when not in use and charges only for request processing time. The application is stateless and can be triggered by HTTP requests. Which compute option meets these requirements?

Question 124hardmulti select

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A team is deploying a containerized microservice on GKE. They want to ensure the service is externally accessible via a stable IP address and can automatically scale the number of pods based on CPU utilization. Which TWO actions should they perform?

Question 125mediummultiple choice

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A company runs a stateless batch processing application on a managed instance group (MIG) of Compute Engine instances. The application reads tasks from a Cloud Pub/Sub subscription and writes results to Cloud Storage. The operations team wants to ensure that when an instance is terminated during scaling down or maintenance, the application finishes its current task before the instance shuts down. The application currently does not handle SIGTERM. What should the operations team do to meet this requirement with minimal changes?

Question 126easymultiple choice

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A developer needs to deploy a new version of a Cloud Run service that uses a custom container image stored in Artifact Registry. The service must be accessible only from within the same Google Cloud project and must not be reachable from the public internet. The developer wants to use the gcloud CLI to deploy. Which command should the developer use?

Question 127hardmultiple choice

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A company is deploying a stateful application on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) that requires each pod to have a stable network identity and its own persistent volume. The application uses a clustered database that relies on consistent DNS names for peer discovery. The operations team wants to use GKE-native features to meet these requirements with minimal custom configuration. What should they do?

Question 128mediummulti select

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A company is deploying a new application on Google Cloud. The application consists of a frontend service and a backend API. The security team requires that the backend API be accessible only from the frontend service, not from the public internet. The frontend service runs on Compute Engine instances in a managed instance group. The backend API will be deployed on Cloud Run. Which two steps should the team take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)