NSE7 Practice Exam 2 — 20 Questions

Question 1

An administrator wants to configure a multi-peer IPsec VPN where one FortiGate (hub) connects to multiple remote FortiGates (spokes) using a single phase 1 interface with dynamic IP addresses. Which configuration is required on the hub?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

Set type to dynamic and set remote-gw 0.0.0.0. To allow multiple peers to connect with dynamic IPs, the hub must use a phase 1 interface with mode-cfg enabled to assign IPs to clients and accept connections from any remote IP (set remote-gw 0.0.0.0). This is commonly called a dial-up VPN configuration.

Answer

Set psksecret to a group password and enable XAuth

Answer

Set mode to aggressive and use pre-shared keys

Answer

Set type to static and configure each peer's IP in separate phase1

Question 2

A FortiGate is configured with FortiClient EMS to enforce ZTNA posture checks. The administrator finds that some Windows 10 clients are not reporting their antivirus status correctly, causing them to be blocked. However, the clients have antivirus installed and running. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

The FortiClient EMS connector is disabled on the endpoints. FortiClient requires the EMS connector to be enabled and the correct compliance profile must be applied. If the antivirus status is not reported, the connector might be disabled or the profile not assigned.

Answer

The clients are not connected to the corporate network

Answer

The antivirus definitions are outdated

Answer

FortiGate is using the wrong EMS tag

Question 3

A FortiGate administrator runs the following command on a FortiGate and sees the output:
diagnose sys session filter dport 443
diagnose sys session list

proto=6 proto_state=01 duration=3600 expire=3599
What does this output indicate about the session?

Accepted Answer

The session is in SYN_SENT state; the three-way handshake is incomplete. proto_state=01 indicates TCP SYN_SENT state, meaning the session has not completed three-way handshake.

Answer

The session has been terminated due to inactivity

Answer

The session is a UDP session

Answer

The session is fully established and has been active for 3600 seconds

Question 4

You run 'diagnose vpn ike gateway list' on a FortiGate hub and see the following output for a spoke connection: IKE SA state: ESTABLISHED, IPsec SA state: UP, but the spoke cannot route traffic to other spokes. The ADVPN shortcut tunnel is not being established. What is the MOST likely cause?

Accepted Answer

The hub has a static route for the spoke subnet pointing to the tunnel interface. In ADVPN, the hub must not include static routes for the spoke subnets, otherwise the spokes will use the hub as next-hop and not attempt shortcut establishment. The hub should use dynamic routing (BGP/OSPF) to propagate routes but not install a route with a next-hop of the hub itself for other spoke subnets. Option B is correct.

Answer

DPD is not configured on the hub

Answer

The spoke's phase2 proposal does not match the hub's proposal

Answer

The spoke is using a different IKE version than the hub

Question 5

A FortiGate administrator configures a hub-and-spoke VPN with OSPF routing. The spoke FortiGates are learning routes from the hub, but inter-spoke traffic is being routed through the hub instead of using shortcut tunnels. What configuration is missing on the hub to allow ADVPN shortcut establishment?

Accepted Answer

Disable route redistribution from OSPF into the VPN tunnel interface on the hub. For ADVPN to work, the hub must have 'auto-discovery-sender' enabled and also must not redistribute spoke routes back to other spokes in a way that prevents shortcut. Typically, the hub should not redistribute OSPF routes learned from one spoke into another; ADVPN relies on IKE shortcuts.

Answer

Set the VPN interface type to 'tunnel' instead of 'vlan'

Answer

Enable 'auto-discovery-sender' on the hub and 'auto-discovery-forwarder' on spokes

Answer

Configure a static route for inter-spoke traffic on the hub

Question 6

Which feature in FortiOS enables a FortiGate to act as a proxy for client-initiated connections to internal applications without requiring a VPN client, by verifying device posture and user identity?

Accepted Answer

ZTNA (Zero Trust Network Access) proxy. ZTNA proxy provides application-level access without full network connectivity, enforcing identity and posture checks. IPsec and SSL VPN give full network access. Explicit proxy is for web traffic only.

Answer

IPsec VPN with XAuth authentication

Answer

SSL VPN with web mode portal

Answer

FortiGate's explicit web proxy

Question 7

An organization wants to implement Network Access Control (NAC) using FortiNAC. The goal is to automatically quarantine any device that does not have the latest antivirus definitions. Which FortiNAC component enforces this policy?

Accepted Answer

FortiNAC Enforcement Engine. FortiNAC uses policies to define security requirements. The Enforcement Engine applies the policy by changing the VLAN or applying ACLs on network devices to quarantine non-compliant endpoints.

Answer

FortiNAC Collector

Answer

FortiNAC Profiler

Answer

FortiNAC Portal

Question 8

You run the following command on a FortiGate: 'diagnose vpn ike gateway list' and see that the DPD status for a VPN peer is 'dead'. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The VPN peer has been detected as unreachable and the tunnel is considered down. DPD (Dead Peer Detection) is used to check the liveness of a VPN peer. 'Dead' means the peer is not responding to DPD messages, indicating the tunnel is down.

Answer

The remote peer has been manually disconnected from the network

Answer

The VPN tunnel is still up but the peer is not responding to DPD messages

Answer

The IKE SA is still active but the IPsec SA has expired

Question 9

A network engineer is troubleshooting an ADVPN scenario where shortcut tunnels between spokes are not forming. The hub has IKEv2 configured and the spokes are behind NAT. Which THREE conditions must be met for shortcut tunnels to establish?

Accepted Answer

Spokes are configured with 'set auto-discovery' enabled. ADVPN shortcut tunnels require: IKEv2 (not IKEv1), auto-negotiate enabled on the hub phase2, and the hub's phase2 must have 'add-route' set to enable route injection. NAT traversal is automatically handled by IKEv2.

Answer

NAT traversal is enabled on all gateways

Answer

IKEv1 is used for the spoke-to-hub tunnels

Question 10

A network administrator is troubleshooting an IPsec VPN tunnel between two FortiGates. The tunnel is up but traffic is not passing. The administrator runs 'diagnose vpn ike gateway list' and sees that the IKE SA has been established. However, 'diagnose vpn tunnel list' shows no IPsec SA entries. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

The phase 2 proposal (encryption, authentication, etc.) does not match between peers. IKE SA established but no IPsec SA indicates that phase 2 parameters are misconfigured or the proposal is not matching.

Answer

The firewall policies are not configured to allow traffic through the tunnel

Answer

The pre-shared key on both sides does not match

Answer

The interface MTU is set too low

Question 11

A FortiGate is configured as a ZTNA proxy for an internal web application. The client's device posture check fails due to an outdated antivirus definition. The administrator wants to block access but still display a warning page. Which ZTNA access rule action should be used?

Accepted Answer

set action block. ZTNA access rules can block or allow with optional warning. 'Allow with warning' is not available; to show a warning while blocking, the action should be 'Block' with a redirect to a warning portal.

Answer

set action redirect

Answer

set action authenticate

Answer

set action allow

Question 12

An administrator configures OSPF over an IPsec VPN tunnel between two FortiGates. The OSPF adjacency does not form. The tunnel is up and ping works between the loopback interfaces used for OSPF. What is the MOST likely issue?

Accepted Answer

The firewall policy allowing OSPF traffic (protocol 89) over the tunnel is missing.. Even if the tunnel is up, OSPF packets (protocol 89) must be explicitly permitted by a firewall policy on the tunnel. Without that policy, OSPF Hellos are dropped and adjacency fails. Network type mismatch can also cause issues, but the most common is missing policy.

Answer

OSPF is not enabled on the tunnel interface.

Answer

The OSPF network type on the tunnel interface is set to point-to-point but the remote side is broadcast.

Answer

The MTU on the tunnel interface is too large for OSPF packets.

Question 13

An administrator is configuring FortiClient EMS to enforce compliance for ZTNA. Which TWO settings are required on FortiGate to use compliance-based ZTNA tags?

Accepted Answer

FortiClient EMS is added as a security fabric connector. To use compliance tags, FortiGate must have EMS configured as a fabric connector and the ZTNA proxy rule must reference the tags.

Answer

SSL deep inspection is enabled on the firewall policy

Answer

A local user database is configured for authentication

Answer

FortiGate is configured as a SAML IdP

Question 14

An administrator configures a ZTNA gateway with inline CASB to monitor SaaS applications. Users report that access to Salesforce is blocked. The administrator reviews the ZTNA proxy rule and sees that inline CASB is enabled with a 'monitor-only' action. What is the MOST likely reason for the block?

Accepted Answer

A separate application control profile is blocking Salesforce. Inline CASB with 'monitor-only' should not block traffic. The block may be due to a separate application control or web filtering profile applied on the policy.

Answer

The inline CASB profile is set to 'block' for Salesforce

Answer

The ZTNA proxy rule does not have SSL inspection enabled

Answer

FortiClient EMS is not assigning the required ZTNA tags

Question 15

A FortiGate is experiencing high CPU usage due to IPsec VPN traffic. The admin wants to offload cryptographic operations to the hardware. Which THREE conditions must be met for hardware acceleration to work? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

The FortiGate must have a compatible NP7 or CP9 processor. Hardware acceleration (CP8/CP9) requires specific conditions: supported encryption algorithms, no advanced features that disable offload, and the traffic must match a VPN policy that uses the hardware acceleration capable interface.

Answer

The VPN interface must be configured with 'set acceleration-mode ipsec'

Answer

The firewall policy using the VPN interface must not have NAT enabled

Question 16

An administrator runs 'diagnose vpn ike gateway list' and sees that the IKE SA state is 'UP' but the IPsec SA state is 'DOWN'. The remote peer is a FortiGate. What is the most likely cause of this issue?

Accepted Answer

The Phase2 parameters (encryption, authentication, proxy IDs) do not match between the peers. If IKE is up but IPsec is down, the Phase2 parameters are not matching between peers. Common causes include mismatched encryption algorithms, proxy IDs, or lifetimes.

Answer

The pre-shared key is incorrect

Answer

The tunnel interface is down

Answer

The firewall policy on the remote FortiGate is blocking UDP 500

Question 17

An administrator is deploying ZTNA for a legacy application that uses a fixed IP address and port. Which ZTNA component is responsible for securely proxying traffic from the user to the application without exposing the application's actual network location?

Accepted Answer

ZTNA access proxy. The ZTNA proxy component acts as an intermediary, hiding the application server's IP address and providing secure access based on identity and posture.

Answer

ZTNA inline CASB

Answer

IPsec VPN gateway

Answer

FortiClient EMS

Question 18

A FortiGate administrator wants to integrate FortiClient EMS to enforce compliance before granting VPN access. The FortiGate is the SSL VPN gateway. Which configuration is required on the FortiGate to use FortiClient's posture check?

Accepted Answer

Add the FortiClient EMS server as a telemetry source and create a ZTNA tag based on posture data.. FortiClient EMS sends posture data to FortiGate via telemetry. The admin must define ZTNA tags for conditions (e.g., antivirus running) and use those tags in firewall policies or SSL VPN permissions. There is no direct 'compliance check' setting in SSL VPN; it's done via ZTNA.

Answer

Configure the FortiGate as a SAML IdP for FortiClient EMS.

Answer

Configure FortiClient EMS as a user group server and assign it to the SSL VPN portal.

Answer

Enable 'compliance check' under SSL VPN settings and specify the EMS IP address.

Question 19

An administrator configures ZTNA with FortiClient EMS. The goal is to restrict access to an internal application based on device posture. The administrator configures a ZTNA tag for 'Compliant' that checks antivirus and OS patch status. Which TWO additional steps are required on the FortiGate to enforce access based on this tag?

Accepted Answer

Create a ZTNA policy that includes the 'Compliant' tag as a required condition. To use ZTNA tags, the administrator must configure a ZTNA access proxy to publish the application and a ZTNA policy that references the tag to grant access.

Answer

Enable SSL deep inspection on the firewall policy

Answer

Import the FortiClient EMS certificate to FortiGate

Answer

Configure a firewall policy with source set to the EMS connector

Question 20

A FortiGate VPN administrator is configuring IKEv2 with certificate-based authentication using a PKI. The administrator has imported the CA certificate and the local certificate onto the FortiGate. When initiating the VPN, the tunnel fails to establish. The CLI log shows 'IKEv2 authentication failed' and 'certificate validation failure'. What is the most likely missing configuration?

Accepted Answer

The CA certificate is not configured for peer certificate validation. For certificate-based authentication, the FortiGate must be configured to verify the peer's certificate against the trusted CA. Option D is correct because the peer's certificate must be validated, and if the CA certificate is not properly referenced in the phase1 configuration (e.g., 'set certificate-peers' or 'set enforcesecrets'), validation fails.

Answer

The IKEv2 proposal includes an incompatible encryption algorithm

Answer

The local certificate is not associated with the phase1 interface

Answer

The remote peer's certificate is not signed by the imported CA