These questions present the output of IOS show commands — show ip route, show interfaces, show ip ospf neighbor, show vlan brief — and ask you to interpret what they reveal about the network state. Reading IOS output accurately is one of the highest-value skills on the CCNA.
Start Scenario PracticeA network engineer runs the following command on Router R1: R1# show ip eigrp interfaces EIGRP-IPv4 Interfaces for AS(100) Xmit Queue Mean Pacing Time Multicast Pending Interface Peers Un/Reliable SRTT Un/Reliable Flow Timer Routes Gi0/0 1 0/0 12 0/10 50 0 Gi0/1 1 0/0 15 0/10 50 0 Gi0/2 1 0/0 18 0/10 50 0 Gi0/3 1 0/0 20 0/10 50 0 Gi0/4 0 0/0 0 0/10 50 0 Based on this output, which statement is correct?
Explanation: The output shows that interface Gi0/4 has 0 peers, while all other interfaces have 1 peer. In EIGRP, a peer count of 0 indicates that no neighbor adjacency has been formed on that interface. This could be due to a configuration mismatch (e.g., different AS numbers, passive interface, or authentication) or a Layer 1/2 connectivity issue. Therefore, option A is correct.
A network engineer runs the following command to verify DHCPv4 server statistics on router R1: R1# show ip dhcp server statistics Output: Memory usage: 12345 Address pools: 2 Database agents: 0 Automatic bindings: 150 Manual bindings: 5 Expired bindings: 10 Malformed messages: 0 Message Received BOOTREQUEST 0 DHCPDISCOVER 200 DHCPREQUEST 180 DHCPDECLINE 2 DHCPRELEASE 5 DHCPINFORM 10 What does this output indicate?
Explanation: The 'Automatic bindings: 150' and 'Manual bindings: 5' fields directly indicate the number of active leases assigned dynamically (via DHCP) and statically (via manual configuration), respectively. These represent the current active bindings on the DHCP server, with no other interpretation needed.
A network engineer runs the following command to troubleshoot DHCPv6 address assignment on router R1: R1# show ipv6 dhcp binding Output: Client: FE80::21A:2BFF:FE3C:4D01 DUID: 0003000121A2B3C4D5E6 Username: unassigned VRF: default IA NA: IA ID 0x00040001, T1 302400, T2 483840 Address: 2001:DB8:1::100 Preferred lifetime 604800, valid lifetime 2592000 Expires at Mar 01 2025 12:00 PM (2592000 seconds) IA PD: IA ID 0x00040002, T1 302400, T2 483840 Prefix: 2001:DB8:1::/48 Preferred lifetime 604800, valid lifetime 2592000 Expires at Mar 01 2025 12:00 PM (2592000 seconds) What does this output indicate?
Explanation: The output shows both an IA_NA (Identity Association for Non-temporary Address) with an IPv6 address (2001:DB8:1::100) and an IA_PD (Identity Association for Prefix Delegation) with a prefix (2001:DB8:1::/48). This confirms that the DHCPv6 server has assigned both a global unicast address and a delegated prefix to the client, making option B correct.
A network engineer runs the following command to verify BFD with EIGRP: R1# show ip eigrp 100 topology 10.2.2.0/24 EIGRP-IPv4 Topology Entry for AS(100)/ID(10.2.2.0/24) State: Passive, Query origin flag: 1, 1 Successor(s), FD is 131072 Descriptor Blocks: 10.1.1.2 (GigabitEthernet0/0), from 10.1.1.2, Send flag: 0x0 Composite metric: (131072/130816), Route is Internal Vector metric: Minimum bandwidth is 100000 Kbit Total delay is 100 microseconds Reliability is 255/255 Load is 1/255 Minimum MTU is 1500 Hop count is 1 Originating router is 2.2.2.2 BFD enabled, BFD state: UP What does this output indicate?
Explanation: The output shows that BFD is enabled for the EIGRP neighbor and the BFD state is UP, indicating fast failure detection is active for this route.
A network engineer runs the following command on Router R1: R1# show ip nat translations Pro Inside global Inside local Outside local Outside global udp 192.0.2.10:10000 10.0.0.10:10000 203.0.113.5:53 203.0.113.5:53 udp 192.0.2.10:10001 10.0.0.11:10000 203.0.113.5:53 203.0.113.5:53 udp 192.0.2.10:10002 10.0.0.12:10000 203.0.113.5:53 203.0.113.5:53 R1# show ip nat statistics Total active translations: 3 (0 static, 3 dynamic; 3 extended) Outside interfaces: GigabitEthernet0/1 Inside interfaces: GigabitEthernet0/0 Hits: 150 Misses: 0 CEF Translated packets: 150, CEF Punted packets: 0 Expired translations: 0 Dynamic mappings: -- Inside Source [Id] ip nat inside source list ACL1 interface GigabitEthernet0/1 overload refcount 3 Based on this output, which statement is correct?
Explanation: The output shows three dynamic NAT translations, all using the same inside global address 192.0.2.10 with unique source ports (10000, 10001, 10002). This is the hallmark of Port Address Translation (PAT) or NAT overload, where multiple inside hosts (10.0.0.10, 10.0.0.11, 10.0.0.12) share a single public IP address by differentiating sessions via layer-4 port numbers. The 'overload' keyword in the dynamic mapping confirms PAT is active and working correctly.
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Practice all Show Command Output QuestionsThese questions present the output of IOS show commands — show ip route, show interfaces, show ip ospf neighbor, show vlan brief — and ask you to interpret what they reveal about the network state. Reading IOS output accurately is one of the highest-value skills on the CCNA. These appear throughout the 300-410 and require you to apply your knowledge, not just recall facts.
Cisco doesn't publish an exact breakdown, but scenario-based questions (especially exhibit and command-output formats) make up a significant portion of the 300-410. Practicing each scenario type ensures you're ready for any format.
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