DP-900 Practice Test 46 — 15 Questions

Question 1

A company stores customer data in a relational database with columns like CustomerID, Name, and Email. They also store product images as JPEG files in Azure Blob Storage, and customer feedback as JSON documents that contain varying fields such as rating, comments, and optional metadata. Which of the following correctly orders these data types from most structured to least structured?

Accepted Answer

Relational data, JSON, images. Relational data (CustomerID, Name, Email) is the most structured because it enforces a fixed schema with defined data types and constraints. JSON documents (customer feedback) are semi-structured: they have a flexible schema with optional fields like metadata, but still use key-value pairs. Images (JPEG files) are unstructured binary data with no inherent schema. Option C correctly orders them from most structured (relational) to least structured (images).

Answer

Relational data, images, JSON

Answer

Images, JSON, relational data

Answer

JSON, relational data, images

Question 2

A company stores employee records in a relational database table with columns EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName, Department. They also store employee handbooks as PDF files, and customer feedback as XML documents. Which of the following correctly classifies these data types?

Accepted Answer

Employee records: structured, Employee handbooks: unstructured, Customer feedback: semi-structured. Option B is correct because employee records in a relational database table have a fixed schema (columns and data types), making them structured data. Employee handbooks stored as PDF files have no internal schema and are binary blobs, classifying them as unstructured data. Customer feedback stored as XML documents have a flexible, self-describing schema with tags, making them semi-structured data.

Answer

Employee records: structured, Employee handbooks: semi-structured, Customer feedback: unstructured

Answer

Employee records: semi-structured, Employee handbooks: unstructured, Customer feedback: structured

Answer

Employee records: unstructured, Employee handbooks: semi-structured, Customer feedback: structured

Question 3

A company stores customer data in a SQL Server database table with columns: CustomerID (integer), Name (varchar), Email (varchar), SignupDate (date). All rows adhere to this schema. Which type of data does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Structured data. This data is structured because it conforms to a fixed schema with clearly defined columns (CustomerID, Name, Email, SignupDate) and data types (integer, varchar, date). In SQL Server, structured data is stored in tables with rows and columns, enabling efficient querying via T-SQL and indexing. The consistent adherence to the schema across all rows is the hallmark of structured data.

Answer

Unstructured data

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Semi-structured data

Answer

Transactional data

Question 4

A healthcare organization stores patient records in Azure SQL Database. To comply with HIPAA, they need to encrypt sensitive columns like Social Security Numbers (SSNs) at rest and ensure that only authorized users can decrypt them. Which feature should they implement?

Accepted Answer

Always Encrypted. Option C is correct because Always Encrypted allows client-side encryption of sensitive columns, ensuring only authorized clients can decrypt. Option A is wrong because TDE encrypts the entire database at rest, not individual columns. Option B is wrong because Dynamic Data Masking obfuscates data but does not encrypt it. Option D is wrong because Row-Level Security restricts row access but does not encrypt columns.

Answer

Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)

Answer

Dynamic Data Masking

Answer

Row-Level Security

Question 5

A logistics company tracks package deliveries. When a package is scanned at a distribution center, the system immediately updates the delivery status in a database so customers can see the live tracking information. At the end of each day, the company runs a job that aggregates all delivery status changes into a report for operational analysis. Which of the following best describes these two data processing workloads?

Accepted Answer

The status update is a real-time workload, and the daily report is a batch workload.. Option B is correct because the immediate status update upon scanning is a real-time workload, as it processes data instantly for live customer visibility. The end-of-day aggregation job is a batch workload, as it processes accumulated data in a scheduled, non-real-time manner for operational reporting.

Answer

Both are batch processing workloads.

Answer

Both are real-time processing workloads.

Answer

The status update is a batch workload, and the daily report is a real-time workload.

Question 6

A manufacturing company stores two types of data: (1) real-time sensor readings from production machines used to monitor current machine status, and (2) historical daily production summaries used by managers to identify trends over months. Which statement accurately describes these workloads?

Accepted Answer

Sensor readings are an OLTP workload; daily summaries are an OLAP workload.. Option B is correct because real-time sensor readings involve frequent, small inserts and point lookups (typical of an OLTP workload), while historical daily summaries are aggregated data used for trend analysis over months (typical of an OLAP workload). OLTP systems handle high-volume transactional operations, whereas OLAP systems support complex queries and aggregations on large historical datasets.

Answer

Sensor readings are an OLAP workload; daily summaries are an OLTP workload.

Answer

Sensor readings are a NoSQL workload; daily summaries are a relational workload.

Answer

Sensor readings are a batch workload; daily summaries are a real-time workload.

Question 7

A retail company uses a point-of-sale (POS) system that records each sales transaction in a database. Each transaction involves reading the current inventory, updating the stock level, and recording the sale. The database must ensure that concurrent transactions do not interfere with each other, so that one transaction does not see partially updated data from another. Which property of a database transaction ensures this isolation?

Accepted Answer

Isolation. Isolation ensures that concurrent transactions do not interfere with each other, so each transaction sees a consistent snapshot of the database as if it were the only transaction running. In the POS scenario, isolation prevents one transaction from reading partially updated inventory data from another transaction, which could lead to overselling or stock discrepancies. This property is typically implemented through locking mechanisms or multi-version concurrency control (MVCC).

Answer

Atomicity

Answer

Consistency

Answer

Durability

Question 8

A retail company stores product inventory data in a fixed-schema table with columns for ProductID, ProductName, QuantityInStock, and ReorderLevel. How should this data be classified?

Accepted Answer

Structured data. This data is classified as structured data because it conforms to a fixed schema with clearly defined columns (ProductID, ProductName, QuantityInStock, ReorderLevel) and data types, stored in a relational table. Structured data is highly organized, easily queryable via SQL, and follows a rigid schema, which matches the description of the inventory table.

Answer

Semi-structured data

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Unstructured data

Answer

Streaming data

Question 9

A hospital system stores patient medical records. Each record includes structured data like patient ID, name, date of birth, and also includes unstructured data like doctor's notes and X-ray images. Which type of data is the doctor's notes?

Accepted Answer

C. Unstructured data. Doctor's notes are unstructured data because they consist of free-form text that does not follow a predefined data model or schema. Unlike structured data (e.g., patient ID, name) which fits neatly into rows and columns, doctor's notes lack a fixed format and cannot be easily queried using traditional relational database tools without additional processing.

Answer

A. Structured data

Answer

B. Semi-structured data

Answer

D. Relational data

Question 10

A retail company stores customer data in a relational database table with columns for CustomerID, Name, and Email. Product reviews are stored as JSON documents where each document contains review text and a rating. Product images are stored as binary files in Azure Blob Storage. Which of the following correctly categorizes these data types in order: relational table, JSON documents, binary images?

Accepted Answer

Structured, semi-structured, unstructured. A is correct because relational tables enforce a fixed schema (columns with defined data types), making them structured data. JSON documents have a flexible schema (key-value pairs) but still contain metadata, classifying them as semi-structured. Binary image files in Azure Blob Storage have no inherent structure or schema, making them unstructured data. This matches the order: structured, semi-structured, unstructured.

Answer

Semi-structured, structured, unstructured

Answer

Unstructured, semi-structured, structured

Answer

Structured, unstructured, semi-structured

Question 11

A healthcare application stores patient medical history in a relational database. The system must ensure that after a transaction updates multiple records (e.g., diagnosis and medication), all changes are saved or none are saved. This property is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Atomicity. Atomicity ensures that a transaction is treated as a single, indivisible unit of work. In the context of a relational database storing patient medical history, if a transaction updates both the diagnosis and medication records, atomicity guarantees that either both updates are committed or both are rolled back, preventing partial updates that could leave the data in an inconsistent state.

Answer

Consistency

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Durability

Answer

Isolation

Question 12

A retail company maintains a database of customer information including CustomerID, Name, Address, and Phone. Each record follows the same fixed schema. This type of data is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Structured data. Structured data conforms to a fixed schema where each record has the same fields (CustomerID, Name, Address, Phone) and data types, making it ideal for relational database storage. This rigid, tabular format allows efficient querying using SQL and enforces consistency across all rows.

Answer

Semi-structured data

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Unstructured data

Answer

Relational data

Question 13

A logistics company ingests GPS coordinates from delivery trucks in real-time to update a live tracking dashboard. They also run a nightly job to aggregate the day's deliveries into a report stored in Azure SQL Database. Which statement correctly describes the data processing types used for these two workloads?

Accepted Answer

GPS ingestion is stream processing; nightly aggregation is batch processing.. Option A is correct because the real-time ingestion of GPS coordinates from delivery trucks is a classic stream processing workload, where data is processed continuously as it arrives with low latency. The nightly aggregation of daily deliveries into a report stored in Azure SQL Database is a batch processing workload, where data is processed in bulk at scheduled intervals. Azure Stream Analytics is commonly used for the streaming ingestion, while Azure SQL Database or Azure Synapse Analytics can handle the batch aggregation.

Answer

GPS ingestion is batch processing; nightly aggregation is stream processing.

Answer

Both workloads are examples of stream processing.

Answer

Both workloads are examples of batch processing.

Question 14

Which TWO factors should you consider when choosing between Azure SQL Database and SQL Server on Azure Virtual Machines?

Accepted Answer

Compatibility with on-premises SQL Server features. Options A and C are correct. Managed service vs. IaaS is a key differentiator. Feature compatibility is also important because managed instance offers high compatibility but not 100%. Option B is wrong because both services support TDE. Option D is wrong because both support geo-replication (Azure SQL Database has active geo-replication; SQL Server on VM can use Always On AG). Option E is wrong because both support auditing.

Answer

Need for database auditing

Answer

Support for geo-replication

Answer

Need for Transparent Data Encryption

Question 15

A retail company collects data from online transactions including order ID, customer details, product IDs, quantities, and timestamps. The data is stored in a relational database and used for order processing and inventory management. Which characteristic of this data makes it structured?

Accepted Answer

It is stored in rows and columns with a predefined schema.. Option A is correct because structured data is defined by a fixed schema where each entity (e.g., orders) is stored in rows and columns with predefined data types (e.g., INT for order ID, VARCHAR for customer details). This relational model enforces consistency and enables efficient querying via SQL for order processing and inventory management.

Answer

It is stored as key-value pairs.

Answer

It is stored in JSON format with variable fields.

Answer

It is stored in unstructured text files.