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← Container Orchestration practice sets

KCNA Container Orchestration • Complete Question Bank

KCNA Container Orchestration — All Questions With Answers

Complete KCNA Container Orchestration question bank — all 0 questions with answers and detailed explanations.

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Certifications/KCNA/Practice Test/Container Orchestration/All Questions
Question 1mediummultiple choice
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A team deploys a microservice that requires sticky sessions. The service runs on Kubernetes with multiple replicas. Which Kubernetes resource should be used to ensure requests from a client are consistently routed to the same pod?

Question 2hardmultiple choice
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A Kubernetes cluster is experiencing network latency. The team suspects that the number of services and endpoints is causing iptables performance degradation. Which CNI plugin or network policy approach is most likely to improve performance?

Question 3easymultiple choice
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A developer wants to ensure that a pod runs only on nodes with SSDs. Which mechanism should be used?

Question 4mediummultiple choice
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An application running in a Kubernetes pod needs to access a database that is deployed on a VM outside the cluster. The database IP is stable. Which is the best way to expose the database to the pod?

Question 5hardmultiple choice
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A team notices that a ReplicaSet is not creating the desired number of pods. The ReplicaSet YAML is correctly configured with replicas: 3. The cluster has sufficient resources. What is the most likely cause?

Question 6mediummulti select
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Which TWO of the following are valid ways to expose a set of pods as a network service in Kubernetes?

Question 7hardmulti select
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Which THREE of the following are correct statements about Kubernetes Deployments?

Question 8mediummultiple choice
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A DevOps team notices that a new deployment of a web application is not receiving traffic even though the pods are running. The deployment has a selector matching the pod labels, and a Service of type ClusterIP exists. What is the most likely cause?

Question 9hardmultiple choice
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An administrator needs to ensure that Pods from two different Deployments cannot communicate with each other. Which Kubernetes resource should be used?

Question 10easymultiple choice
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A developer wants to run a one-time task that creates a database schema and then exits. Which Kubernetes workload type is most appropriate?

Question 11mediummultiple choice
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An application requires stable network identities and persistent storage. Which workload type should be used?

Question 12hardmulti select
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Which TWO of the following are valid methods to expose a set of pods to external traffic in Kubernetes?

Question 13easymultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. How many containers are defined in this Pod?

Exhibit

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: mypod
spec:
  containers:
  - name: app
    image: nginx:latest
    ports:
    - containerPort: 80
  - name: sidecar
    image: alpine:latest
    command: ["sleep", "3600"]
Question 14hardmultiple choice
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Your organization runs a microservices application in a Kubernetes cluster with 5 worker nodes. Each microservice is deployed as a Deployment with 3 replicas. Recently, users report intermittent timeouts when accessing the frontend service. The frontend communicates with a backend service via ClusterIP. You check the backend pods and find that one of the three replicas is in CrashLoopBackOff. The other two backend pods are healthy. The frontend deployment has no readiness or liveness probes. You notice that the frontend's connection pool to the backend has a timeout of 5 seconds. The crashing backend pod logs show an occasional NullPointerException that causes the container to restart, but the pod becomes ready after restart within 2 seconds. However, the frontend's connection pool does not evict unhealthy connections quickly. What is the best course of action to reduce timeouts?

Question 15mediummultiple choice
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A company is deploying a microservices application on Kubernetes. They want to ensure that configuration data, such as database URLs and feature flags, can be updated without rebuilding container images. Which Kubernetes resource should they use?

Question 16hardmulti select
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Which TWO statements accurately describe Kubernetes scheduling?

Question 17easymultiple choice
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Based on the exhibit, why is the pod web-pod not running?

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

```
$ kubectl describe pod web-pod
...
Events:
  Type     Reason     Age   From               Message
  ----     ------     ----  ----               -------
  Normal   Scheduled  10m   default-scheduler  Successfully assigned default/web-pod to node-1
  Normal   Pulling    10m   kubelet            Pulling image "nginx:latest"
  Warning  Failed     9m58s kubelet            Failed to pull image "nginx:latest": rpc error: code = NotFound desc = image not found
  Warning  BackOff    9m57s kubelet            Back-off pulling image
```
Question 18mediumdrag order
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Drag and drop the steps for a rolling update of a Kubernetes Deployment into the correct order.

Drag steps to the numbered slots on the right, or tap a step then tap a slot.

Steps
Order
1Step 1
2Step 2
3Step 3
4Step 4
5Step 5
Question 19mediumdrag order
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Drag and drop the steps to update a Kubernetes Secret and ensure Pods use the new value into the correct order.

Drag steps to the numbered slots on the right, or tap a step then tap a slot.

Steps
Order
1Step 1
2Step 2
3Step 3
4Step 4
5Step 5
Question 20mediummatching
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Match each Kubernetes component to its role in the control plane.

Drag a concept onto its matching description — or click a concept then click the description.

Concepts
Matches

Exposes the Kubernetes API and acts as the front-end

Runs controller processes like Node and Replication controllers

Assigns pods to nodes based on resource availability

Consistent and highly-available key-value store for all cluster data

Interacts with underlying cloud provider's APIs

Question 21mediummatching
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Match each Kubernetes command (kubectl) to its primary function.

Drag a concept onto its matching description — or click a concept then click the description.

Concepts
Matches

List one or more resources

Show detailed state of a resource

Create or update resources from a file or stdin

Execute a command inside a container

Print logs from a container in a pod

Question 22mediummultiple choice
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A pod in the 'production' namespace is in a CrashLoopBackOff state. The pod has been running successfully for several days. You run 'kubectl describe pod app-pod -n production' and see the message: 'OOMKilled'. What is the MOST appropriate action to resolve this issue?

Question 23easymultiple choice
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Which of the following best describes a key advantage of containers over virtual machines?

Question 24mediummultiple choice
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You are designing a microservices application that requires each service to be independently deployable and scalable. The services communicate over HTTP and need service discovery. Which orchestration feature BEST addresses the need for service discovery?

Question 25hardmultiple choice
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A developer creates a Deployment with replicas: 3 and strategy type: RollingUpdate with maxSurge: 1 and maxUnavailable: 1. During a rolling update, the Deployment controller creates a new ReplicaSet. After the new ReplicaSet has 2 pods ready, the node running one of the original ReplicaSet's pods fails. What is the MOST likely number of total pods running after the node failure, assuming no other actions?

Question 26easymultiple choice
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Which of the following is a container runtime that implements the Container Runtime Interface (CRI)?

Question 27mediummultiple choice
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You need to run a batch job that processes a queue of 1000 items. The job should run to completion and then terminate. Which Kubernetes resource is BEST suited for this workload?

Question 28mediummultiple choice
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A company wants to adopt immutable infrastructure for its containerized applications. Which practice BEST exemplifies immutability?

Question 29mediummultiple choice
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Which command correctly creates a Deployment named 'web-app' with the image 'nginx:1.21' and 3 replicas?

Question 30easymultiple choice
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What is the primary purpose of the Open Container Initiative (OCI)?

Question 31hardmultiple choice
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You have a microservices application where Service A needs to communicate with Service B running in a different namespace ('backend'). Both namespaces have a NetworkPolicy that denies all ingress by default. You create a NetworkPolicy in the 'backend' namespace allowing ingress from pods with label 'app: frontend'. What else is needed for Service A to reach Service B?

Question 32mediummultiple choice
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A container image is built from a Dockerfile with multiple layers. Which statement about container image layers is TRUE?

Question 33hardmultiple choice
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You need to run a stateful application that requires stable network identities and persistent storage per pod. Which Kubernetes resource is BEST suited?

Question 34mediummulti select
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Which TWO statements about Docker Compose and Kubernetes are correct?

Question 35mediummulti select
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Which THREE are benefits of using container orchestration platforms like Kubernetes?

Question 36hardmulti select
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Which TWO are characteristics of the microservices architecture that are supported by container orchestration?

Question 37easymultiple choice
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Which of the following is a key benefit of using containers over virtual machines?

Question 38easymultiple choice
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What is the purpose of the Container Runtime Interface (CRI) in Kubernetes?

Question 39easymultiple choice
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Which Kubernetes resource is used to run a batch job that runs to completion?

Question 40mediummultiple choice
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A user wants to ensure that a pod is automatically restarted if its main process crashes. Which Kubernetes controller should they use?

Question 41mediummultiple choice
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A pod is stuck in 'Pending' state. You run 'kubectl describe pod mypod' and see the event '0/4 nodes are available: 4 Insufficient cpu'. What is the most likely cause?

Question 42mediummultiple choice
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Which command would you use to view the logs of a specific container in a multi-container pod?

Question 43mediummultiple choice
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What is the role of etcd in a Kubernetes cluster?

Question 44mediummultiple choice
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A developer wants to expose a set of pods running a web application on a stable IP address. Which Kubernetes resource should they create?

Question 45mediummultiple choice
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A pod is in CrashLoopBackOff. You check the logs and see 'Error: container process not found'. What is the most likely cause?

Question 46hardmultiple choice
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An administrator wants to ensure that a Deployment named 'webapp' always has exactly 3 replicas running across distinct nodes to improve fault tolerance. Which field in the Deployment spec should they configure?

Question 47hardmultiple choice
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A user creates a Service of type ClusterIP with a selector matching pods labeled 'app: myapp'. However, a pod named 'myapp-pod' with label 'app: myapp' is not receiving traffic. What is a possible reason?

Question 48hardmultiple choice
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Which of the following is a characteristic of immutable infrastructure?

Question 49mediummulti select
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Which TWO of the following are valid container runtimes that implement the CRI? (Choose two.)

Question 50hardmulti select
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Which THREE of the following are benefits of using container orchestration? (Choose three.)

Question 51easymulti select
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Which TWO statements about container images are correct? (Choose two.)

Question 52easymultiple choice
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What is the primary difference between a container and a virtual machine (VM)?

Question 53mediummultiple choice
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Which Kubernetes resource is best suited for running a batch processing job that must complete successfully exactly once?

Question 54hardmultiple choice
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A pod named 'web-app' is not able to resolve the hostname 'db-service' from another namespace 'data'. The 'db-service' Service exists in the 'data' namespace. What is the most likely cause?

Question 55easymultiple choice
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What is the Container Runtime Interface (CRI)?

Question 56mediummultiple choice
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Which of the following is a benefit of container orchestration?

Question 57hardmultiple choice
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A Deployment manages 3 replicas of a pod. During a rolling update, one of the new pods enters CrashLoopBackOff. What happens next?

Question 58mediummultiple choice
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Which of the following is a valid use case for a DaemonSet?

Question 59easymultiple choice
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What is the purpose of a readiness probe in a Kubernetes pod?

Question 60mediummultiple choice
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A developer wants to run a containerized application locally for development. Which tool is most appropriate?

Question 61hardmultiple choice
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Which Kubernetes resource can be used to define network policies that control traffic between pods?

Question 62mediummultiple choice
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What is the concept of 'immutable infrastructure' as applied to Kubernetes?

Question 63easymultiple choice
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Which component of Kubernetes is responsible for maintaining the desired state of the cluster?

Question 64mediummulti select
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Which TWO of the following are benefits of using a container orchestration platform like Kubernetes? (Select 2)

Question 65hardmulti select
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Which THREE of the following are true about the Open Container Initiative (OCI)? (Select 3)

Question 66mediummulti select
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Which TWO of the following are characteristics of a microservices architecture? (Select 2)

Question 67mediummultiple choice
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A pod in the 'production' namespace is in a CrashLoopBackOff state. The pod has been running successfully for several days. You run 'kubectl describe pod app-pod -n production' and see the message: 'OOMKilled'. What is the MOST appropriate action to resolve this issue?

Question 68easymultiple choice
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What is the primary purpose of a container orchestration platform like Kubernetes?

Question 69mediummultiple choice
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A developer wants to deploy a stateful application that requires stable network identities and persistent storage per pod instance. Which Kubernetes resource is most appropriate?

Question 70hardmultiple choice
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You have a microservices application with a frontend service that needs to communicate with a backend service running in a different namespace ('backend-ns'). The default namespace for the frontend is 'frontend-ns'. What DNS name should the frontend use to reach the backend service named 'backend-svc'?

Question 71mediummultiple choice
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Which component is responsible for running containers in a Kubernetes node and implements the Container Runtime Interface (CRI)?

Question 72hardmultiple choice
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An administrator wants to ensure that a specific pod only runs on nodes that have solid-state drives (SSDs). Nodes with SSDs are labeled with 'disktype=ssd'. Which pod specification field should be used?

Question 73easymultiple choice
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What is a key benefit of using containers over virtual machines for application deployment?

Question 74mediummultiple choice
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A Kubernetes cluster has a Service named 'my-svc' in the 'default' namespace. Which command would correctly expose this service as an external endpoint using a cloud load balancer?

Question 75hardmultiple choice
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You have a multi-container pod with a main application container and a sidecar container that handles log shipping. The sidecar container should start before the main container and stop after the main container finishes. Which pod configuration should you use?

Question 76mediummultiple choice
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What is the purpose of a readiness probe in a Kubernetes pod?

Question 77easymultiple choice
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Which of the following is a key principle of microservices architecture?

Question 78mediummultiple choice
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You run the command 'kubectl get pods -n default' and see no pods listed. However, you are sure there should be pods. What is the most likely cause?

Question 79mediummulti select
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Which TWO of the following are characteristics of immutable infrastructure? (Select two.)

Question 80hardmulti select
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Which THREE of the following are benefits of using a container orchestration platform like Kubernetes? (Select three.)

Question 81mediummulti select
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Which TWO of the following are valid ways to expose a set of pods as a network service in Kubernetes? (Select two.)

Question 82easymultiple choice
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What is the primary difference between a container and a virtual machine (VM)?

Question 83mediummultiple choice
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A DevOps engineer wants to deploy a stateful application that requires stable network identities and persistent storage. Which Kubernetes resource is most appropriate?

Question 84hardmultiple choice
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A pod is stuck in the Pending state. Running 'kubectl describe pod <pod-name>' shows the event: '0/3 nodes are available: 1 node had taint {node.kubernetes.io/disk-pressure: }, 2 nodes had taint {node.kubernetes.io/memory-pressure: }'. What is the most likely cause?

Question 85easymultiple choice
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Which component in Kubernetes is responsible for managing the lifecycle of pods and ensuring the desired number of replicas are running?

Question 86mediummultiple choice
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An application requires that a specific set of pods be placed on nodes labeled with 'gpu=true'. Which Kubernetes field should be used in the pod spec to enforce this?

Question 87mediummultiple choice
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Which of the following is a benefit of using container orchestration platforms like Kubernetes?

Question 88hardmultiple choice
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A user runs 'kubectl exec -it pod1 -- /bin/sh' and gets the error: 'error: unable to upgrade connection: container not found ("app")'. The pod has one container named 'app'. What is the most likely cause?

Question 89easymultiple choice
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Which command is used to create a Deployment that runs an nginx container with 3 replicas?

Question 90mediummultiple choice
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A company wants to run a batch job that processes data and then terminates. Which Kubernetes resource should they use?

Question 91hardmultiple choice
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When using a Service of type ClusterIP, how do pods reach the service?

Question 92easymultiple choice
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What is the purpose of a readiness probe in a Kubernetes pod?

Question 93mediummultiple choice
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An administrator needs to expose a set of pods running a web application on a static port on each node's IP address. Which Service type should they use?

Question 94mediummulti select
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Which TWO statements about containers are true compared to virtual machines? (Select TWO.)

Question 95hardmulti select
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Which THREE are valid ways to perform a rolling update of a Deployment in Kubernetes? (Select THREE.)

Question 96easymulti select
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Which TWO are benefits of using a container orchestration platform like Kubernetes? (Select TWO.)

Question 97mediummultiple choice
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A pod in the 'production' namespace is in a CrashLoopBackOff state. The pod has been running successfully for several days. You run 'kubectl describe pod app-pod -n production' and see the message: 'OOMKilled'. What is the MOST appropriate action to resolve this issue?

Question 98easymultiple choice
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What is the primary benefit of using containers over virtual machines?

Question 99mediummultiple choice
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A Kubernetes cluster has a Deployment running three replicas of an application. You need to update the container image to a new version with zero downtime. Which approach is most appropriate?

Question 100hardmultiple choice
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You have a microservices application where Service A needs to discover the IP of Service B. Both services run in the same Kubernetes cluster. Which approach is the most Kubernetes-native way for Service A to reach Service B?

Question 101easymultiple choice
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Which component is responsible for running containers on a Kubernetes node?

Question 102mediummultiple choice
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A container image built using a Dockerfile with multiple layers is stored in a registry. When a node pulls this image, which statement about layers is true?

Question 103mediummultiple choice
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What is the purpose of the Container Runtime Interface (CRI) in Kubernetes?

Question 104easymultiple choice
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Which of the following is a benefit of using an orchestrator like Kubernetes?

Question 105mediummultiple choice
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You have a Kubernetes cluster with multiple nodes. You need to ensure that a pod runs on a node that has an SSD. How should you achieve this?

Question 106hardmultiple choice
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Your application consists of a frontend and a backend. The frontend needs to communicate with the backend using a stable DNS name. The backend is deployed as a Deployment with 3 replicas. Which Kubernetes resource should you create to provide a stable DNS name for the backend?

Question 107easymultiple choice
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What is the OCI (Open Container Initiative) responsible for?

Question 108mediummultiple choice
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A developer wants to run a container image locally for testing before deploying to a Kubernetes cluster. Which tool is most appropriate for this task?

Question 109mediummulti select
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Which TWO statements accurately describe the concept of immutable infrastructure in the context of container orchestration? (Select two.)

Question 110hardmulti select
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Which THREE of the following are valid container runtimes that can be used with Kubernetes via the Container Runtime Interface (CRI)? (Select three.)

Question 111mediummulti select
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Which TWO statements correctly describe how Kubernetes handles self-healing? (Select two.)

Question 112easymultiple choice
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Which of the following is a key benefit of container orchestration compared to running containers manually?

Question 113mediummultiple choice
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A developer wants to deploy a stateful application that requires stable network identities and persistent storage. Which Kubernetes resource is best suited for this workload?

Question 114mediummultiple choice
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A Kubernetes cluster has a single control plane node and two worker nodes. The control plane node fails. What is the immediate impact on the workloads running on the worker nodes?

Question 115hardmultiple choice
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An administrator wants to ensure that a pod only runs on nodes that have a specific GPU. Which mechanism should be used to achieve this?

Question 116easymultiple choice
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Which statement accurately describes a key difference between containers and virtual machines?

Question 117mediummultiple choice
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A pod spec includes a liveness probe that runs 'cat /tmp/healthy'. The probe is configured with initialDelaySeconds: 10, periodSeconds: 5. At what point does the kubelet first execute the probe?

Question 118hardmultiple choice
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An application requires that a pod must not be scheduled on the same node as another pod from the same Deployment. Which configuration should be used?

Question 119easymultiple choice
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What is the primary purpose of the Container Runtime Interface (CRI) in Kubernetes?

Question 120mediummultiple choice
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You create a Service of type ClusterIP with the name 'my-service' in the 'default' namespace. What DNS name resolves to the service's cluster IP from a pod in the same namespace?

Question 121hardmultiple choice
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A pod is running but its container exits with code 137. The pod logs show 'Killed'. What is the most likely cause?

Question 122easymultiple choice
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Which component in Kubernetes is responsible for maintaining the desired state of the cluster?

Question 123mediummultiple choice
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A DevOps engineer wants to update a Deployment's container image from 'v1' to 'v2' with zero downtime. Which kubectl command should they use?

Question 124easymultiple choice
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What is the primary benefit of containers over virtual machines?

Question 125mediummultiple choice
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You have a microservices application deployed as a set of Pods in a Kubernetes cluster. You need to ensure that Pods can discover each other using stable DNS names. Which Kubernetes resource should you create?

Question 126mediummultiple choice
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A pod is stuck in the 'Pending' state. You run 'kubectl describe pod mypod' and see the event: '0/3 nodes are available: 1 node had taint that the pod didn't tolerate, 2 Insufficient cpu.' What is the most likely cause?

Question 127easymultiple choice
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Which component is responsible for managing the lifecycle of containers on a Kubernetes node?

Question 128hardmultiple choice
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You need to deploy a batch job that processes a queue and runs to completion. The job should run exactly once and create exactly one pod per work item, but some items may fail. Which Kubernetes resource is best suited?

Question 129mediummultiple choice
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Which of the following is a container runtime that implements the Container Runtime Interface (CRI)?

Question 130hardmultiple choice
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You have a Deployment with three replicas. You want to update the container image but ensure that only one pod is updated at a time, and the update proceeds only if the new pod becomes healthy. Which update strategy should you configure?

Question 131easymultiple choice
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What is the purpose of the 'kubectl scale' command?

Question 132mediummultiple choice
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You are troubleshooting a service that is not accessible from within the cluster. The service has a label selector that matches the pods. You run 'kubectl get endpoints myservice' and see that the ENDPOINTS column is empty. What is the most likely cause?

Question 133hardmultiple choice
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Which of the following best describes immutable infrastructure?

Question 134easymultiple choice
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Which command would you use to view the logs of a specific container in a pod?

Question 135mediummultiple choice
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A pod is in the 'CrashLoopBackOff' state. You run 'kubectl logs mypod' and see an error related to missing environment variables. The pod is part of a Deployment. What is the best way to fix this without recreating the entire Deployment?

Question 136mediummulti select
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Which TWO of the following are benefits of container orchestration?

Question 137hardmulti select
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Which THREE of the following are key characteristics of microservices architecture?

Question 138mediummulti select
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Which TWO of the following are true about the Open Container Initiative (OCI)?

Question 139easymultiple choice
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What is a key advantage of containers compared to virtual machines?

Question 140mediummultiple choice
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Which component implements the Container Runtime Interface (CRI) to manage container lifecycle in Kubernetes?

Question 141mediummultiple choice
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You need to ensure that a set of pods in a Deployment can be reached by other pods using a stable IP address and DNS name. Which Kubernetes object should you use?

Question 142hardmultiple choice
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A Kubernetes cluster has two nodes: control-plane and worker. The worker node runs several pods. The control-plane node becomes unreachable. What is the immediate impact on the pods running on the worker node?

Question 143easymultiple choice
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What is the purpose of a readiness probe in a Kubernetes pod?

Question 144mediummultiple choice
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You are writing a Deployment YAML (apps/v1) for a stateless web application. The application should have 3 replicas and use rolling updates with maxSurge=1 and maxUnavailable=0. Which field should you set under spec.strategy?

Question 145hardmultiple choice
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You run 'kubectl get pods' and see that a pod named 'web-frontend' is in 'Pending' state for more than 5 minutes. What is the most likely cause?

Question 146easymultiple choice
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Which of the following is a benefit of container orchestration?

Question 147mediummultiple choice
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You need to run a batch job that processes data every hour and exits upon completion. Which Kubernetes resource should you use?

Question 148mediummultiple choice
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Which command would you use to get the logs of a pod named 'backend' in the 'production' namespace?

Question 149hardmultiple choice
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You are asked to deploy a Kubernetes service that exposes a set of pods internally within the cluster only. The service should not be accessible from outside the cluster. Which Service type should you choose?

Question 150easymultiple choice
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Which of the following describes the Open Container Initiative (OCI) image specification?

Question 151mediummulti select
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Which TWO of the following are benefits of using a container orchestration platform like Kubernetes? (Select 2)

Question 152hardmulti select
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Which TWO of the following are valid reasons to use a DaemonSet instead of a Deployment? (Select 2)

Question 153mediummulti select
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Which THREE of the following are characteristics of a microservices architecture? (Select 3)

Question 154easymultiple choice
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What is a key benefit of container orchestration platforms like Kubernetes?

Question 155easymultiple choice
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Which component is responsible for running containers on a Kubernetes node?

Question 156easymultiple choice
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Which Open Container Initiative (OCI) specification defines the format of container images?

Question 157mediummultiple choice
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A developer wants to deploy a stateless web application that should scale to 5 replicas. Each replica must be identical and should be automatically replaced if it fails. Which Kubernetes resource should be used?

Question 158mediummultiple choice
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A pod is in the 'Pending' state. Which of the following is a likely cause?

Question 159mediummultiple choice
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An administrator runs 'kubectl get pods' and sees that a pod named 'app-pod' is in 'CrashLoopBackOff'. They run 'kubectl logs app-pod' and see a segmentation fault error. What is the most likely cause?

Question 160mediummultiple choice
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A team wants to deploy a batch job that runs once to process a large dataset. The job should run to completion and then terminate. Which Kubernetes resource should be used?

Question 161mediummultiple choice
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A Kubernetes administrator needs to restrict inbound traffic to a set of pods. Only pods with the label 'app: frontend' in the same namespace should be allowed to reach the pods on TCP port 8080. Which resource should be used?

Question 162hardmultiple choice
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A pod has resource requests of 512Mi memory and 500m CPU, and limits of 1Gi memory and 1 CPU. The node has 4Gi memory and 2 CPU cores. If the pod tries to use 700m CPU, what will happen?

Question 163hardmultiple choice
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A developer creates a Deployment with 3 replicas. After updating the pod template, they run 'kubectl rollout status deployment/my-deployment' and see that the rollout is stuck. Which command should they use to investigate the rollout history?

Question 164hardmultiple choice
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A user runs 'kubectl exec -it pod1 -- /bin/sh' and gets an error: 'error: unable to upgrade connection: container not found'. The pod is running and has one container named 'app'. What is the most likely issue?

Question 165hardmultiple choice
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A pod uses a ServiceAccount that has a RoleBinding to a Role with 'get', 'list', 'watch' on 'pods'. The pod tries to list pods in the same namespace. Will the request succeed?

Question 166mediummulti select
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Which TWO statements about containers compared to virtual machines are correct? (Select 2)

Question 167mediummulti select
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Which THREE are benefits of using a container orchestration platform? (Select 3)

Question 168hardmulti select
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Which TWO statements about the Container Runtime Interface (CRI) are correct? (Select 2)

Question 169easymultiple choice
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What is a primary benefit of using containers over virtual machines?

Question 170easymultiple choice
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Which Kubernetes component is responsible for maintaining the desired state of the cluster?

Question 171easymultiple choice
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What is the purpose of the Container Runtime Interface (CRI)?

Question 172mediummultiple choice
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You have a Deployment running 3 replicas. You need to update the container image without downtime. Which command updates the image while performing a rolling update?

Question 173mediummultiple choice
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A Pod is stuck in 'Pending' state. Which command is most helpful to diagnose the issue?

Question 174mediummultiple choice
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You need to run a batch job that processes a queue and then terminates. Which Kubernetes resource should you use?

Question 175mediummultiple choice
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What is the difference between a liveness probe and a readiness probe?

Question 176mediummultiple choice
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You want to ensure that a Pod runs on every Node in the cluster. Which resource should you use?

Question 177hardmultiple choice
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A Service of type ClusterIP is created for a Deployment, but Pods in other namespaces cannot reach it. What is the most likely cause?

Question 178hardmultiple choice
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In a container image built from a Dockerfile, what is the purpose of the CMD instruction?

Question 179hardmultiple choice
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You are designing a microservices application. Which of the following is a key principle of microservices architecture?

Question 180easymultiple choice
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Which of the following is an example of immutable infrastructure?

Question 181mediummulti select
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Which two of the following are container runtimes that implement the Container Runtime Interface (CRI)? (Choose two.)

Question 182hardmulti select
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Which three of the following are benefits of container orchestration? (Choose three.)

Question 183mediummulti select
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Which two of the following are characteristics of container images built using OCI standards? (Choose two.)

Question 184easymultiple choice
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Which of the following is a key benefit of container orchestration?

Question 185easymultiple choice
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What is the Container Runtime Interface (CRI)?

Question 186easymultiple choice
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Which of the following is a key difference between containers and virtual machines?

Question 187mediummultiple choice
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A Kubernetes Deployment manages a set of pods. What is the primary purpose of a Deployment?

Question 188mediummultiple choice
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A pod is stuck in 'Pending' state. Which of the following is a likely cause?

Question 189mediummultiple choice
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Which command would you run to get a list of all pods in all namespaces?

Question 190mediummultiple choice
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What is the purpose of a Readiness Probe in a Kubernetes pod?

Question 191mediummultiple choice
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Which Kubernetes resource should be used to run a one-time task that performs a computation and then exits?

Question 192mediummultiple choice
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What is the Open Container Initiative (OCI) responsible for?

Question 193hardmultiple choice
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A microservices application has multiple services that need to discover each other by name. Which Kubernetes object provides built-in service discovery via DNS?

Question 194hardmultiple choice
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You need to deploy an application that requires exactly one pod per cluster node for logging purposes. Which Kubernetes workload resource should you use?

Question 195hardmultiple choice
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Which of the following correctly describes the concept of 'immutable infrastructure' in the context of container orchestration?

Question 196mediummulti select
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Which TWO of the following are benefits of using a container orchestration platform like Kubernetes? (Choose two.)

Question 197hardmulti select
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Which THREE are valid container runtimes that implement the Kubernetes CRI? (Choose three.)

Question 198mediummulti select
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Which TWO statements about container images are correct? (Choose two.)

Question 199mediummultiple choice
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A pod in the 'production' namespace is in a CrashLoopBackOff state. The pod has been running successfully for several days. You run 'kubectl describe pod app-pod -n production' and see the message: 'OOMKilled'. What is the MOST appropriate action to resolve this issue?

Question 200easymulti select
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Which TWO of the following are benefits of using containers over virtual machines? (Choose 2)

Question 201mediummulti select
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Which TWO of the following are required fields when defining a container in a Kubernetes Pod spec? (Choose 2)

Question 202hardmulti select
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Which THREE of the following are true about the Open Container Initiative (OCI)? (Choose 3)

Question 203easymulti select
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Which TWO of the following are characteristics of microservices architecture? (Choose 2)

Question 204mediummulti select
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Which THREE of the following are key benefits of container orchestration? (Choose 3)

Question 205mediummulti select
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Which TWO of the following correctly describe the difference between Docker Compose and Kubernetes? (Choose 2)

Question 206hardmulti select
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Which THREE of the following are true about the Container Runtime Interface (CRI)? (Choose 3)

Question 207easymulti select
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Which TWO of the following are true about container images? (Choose 2)

Question 208mediummulti select
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Which THREE of the following are core principles of immutable infrastructure? (Choose 3)

Question 209hardmulti select
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Which TWO of the following are true about service discovery in Kubernetes? (Choose 2)

Question 210easymulti select
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Which TWO of the following are true about container networking basics? (Choose 2)

Question 211mediummulti select
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Which THREE of the following are true about container lifecycle? (Choose 3)

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