CKAD Application Deployment Practice Test 12 — 15 Questions

Question 1

You are using Helm to manage an application. After running 'helm install myapp ./mychart', you notice that the application is running but you need to change a configuration value. Which command should you use to update the release?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

helm upgrade myapp ./mychart --set key=value. In Helm, to upgrade an existing release with new values, you use 'helm upgrade' with the release name and chart. You can pass new values via --set or --values.

Answer

helm update myapp ./mychart

Answer

helm install myapp ./mychart --replace

Answer

kubectl edit deployment myapp

Question 2

What is the difference between 'kubectl apply' and 'kubectl create'?

Accepted Answer

'kubectl apply' can be used to create and update resources; 'kubectl create' only creates new resources. 'kubectl apply' is declarative: it creates or updates a resource to match the provided configuration. 'kubectl create' is imperative: it creates a new resource and will fail if the resource already exists.

Answer

'kubectl apply' only works with Deployments, while 'kubectl create' works with all resources

Answer

'kubectl apply' is for creating resources, 'kubectl create' is for updating

Answer

There is no difference

Question 3

You are using Kustomize with the following structure: a base with a Deployment YAML, and an overlay that patches the image tag. The overlay's kustomization.yaml contains: 'patches: - target: kind: Deployment, name: myapp, patch: |- ...'. After running 'kubectl apply -k ./overlay', the Deployment is created but the image tag is not updated. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

The base Deployment has a different name than 'myapp'. The most common issue is that the patch is not matching the Deployment's name or kind correctly. The target's name must match exactly, or the patch may not be applied. Also, the patch format (strategic merge or JSON patch) must be correct. But the most likely cause is that the patch is not being applied because the patch target does not match the resource.

Answer

The image tag is defined in the base and cannot be overridden

Answer

You need to run 'kustomize build' first

Answer

The overlay is not referencing the base correctly

Question 4

Which TWO commands can be used to view the rollout history of a Deployment?

Accepted Answer

kubectl describe deployment mydeployment. `kubectl describe deployment mydeployment` includes the rollout history in its output, showing revision numbers and timestamps of changes. Option E is correct because `kubectl rollout history deployment/mydeployment` is the dedicated command to display the rollout history, listing revisions and associated change causes.

Answer

kubectl get deployment mydeployment

Answer

kubectl rollout status deployment/mydeployment

Answer

kubectl logs deployment/mydeployment

Question 5

Which FOUR of the following are valid fields in a HorizontalPodAutoscaler (HPA) v2 specification?

Accepted Answer

spec.metrics. In HPA v2 (autoscaling/v2), the spec includes 'metrics', 'behavior', 'minReplicas', and 'maxReplicas'. All four of these fields are valid in the v2 specification. 'targetCPUUtilizationPercentage' is a deprecated field from v1 and is not part of the v2 spec. Therefore, options B, C, D, and E are correct.

Answer

spec.targetCPUUtilizationPercentage

Question 6

Which TWO of the following are valid non-interactive methods to update a Deployment's image?

Accepted Answer

kubectl replace -f deployment.yaml. Both 'kubectl replace -f deployment.yaml' (where the YAML includes the updated image) and 'kubectl set image deployment/myapp mycontainer=nginx:1.21' are valid non-interactive methods to update a Deployment's image. 'kubectl edit' is interactive and not considered a direct command-line method for batch operations or automation, so it is not a valid answer here.

Answer

kubectl edit deployment/myapp and change the image field

Answer

kubectl rollout image deployment/myapp mycontainer=nginx:1.21

Answer

kubectl create -f deployment.yaml

Question 7

Which kubectl command sets the number of replicas for a deployment named 'nginx' to 5?

Accepted Answer

kubectl scale deployment nginx --replicas=5. kubectl scale is the correct command to change the replica count of a deployment.

Answer

kubectl update deployment nginx --replicas=5

Answer

kubectl set scale deployment nginx --replicas=5

Answer

kubectl resize deployment nginx --replicas=5

Question 8

When performing a rolling update of a Deployment, which field in the Deployment spec controls the maximum number of Pods that can be created above the desired replicas during the update?

Accepted Answer

spec.strategy.rollingUpdate.maxSurge. maxSurge defines how many Pods can be created above the desired replica count during a rolling update.

Answer

spec.strategy.type

Answer

spec.strategy.rollingUpdate.maxUnavailable

Answer

spec.replicas

Question 9

A developer wants to perform a canary deployment where 10% of traffic goes to a new version (v2) of an application. They create two Deployments (app-v1 and app-v2) and a Service. The Service selector is configured to match labels: 'app: myapp, version: v1'. How can they route 10% of traffic to v2 with minimal changes?

Accepted Answer

Change the Service selector to 'app: myapp' (remove version label) and set v1 replicas to 9 and v2 replicas to 1.. By removing the 'version' label from the Service selector, the Service will match pods from both the v1 and v2 Deployments that have the label 'app: myapp'. By setting the replica counts to 9 for v1 and 1 for v2, the Service will distribute traffic roughly in proportion to the number of pods, resulting in approximately 10% of traffic going to v2. This is a minimal change approach for a canary deployment, as it only requires modifying the selector and adjusting replicas without introducing additional Kubernetes objects.

Answer

Use kubectl rollout pause on the v2 Deployment.

Answer

Set the v2 Deployment's spec.replicas to 10% of the total replicas and keep the Service selector unchanged.

Answer

Add a NetworkPolicy to limit traffic to v2 pods to 10%.

Question 10

Which command shows the rollout history of a Deployment named 'web'?

Accepted Answer

kubectl rollout history deployment web. `kubectl rollout history deployment web` is the dedicated command to display the revision history of a Deployment, including revision numbers and change-cause annotations. This command directly queries the Deployment's rollout state from the Kubernetes API server, showing each revision's metadata.

Answer

kubectl rollout status deployment web

Answer

kubectl get deployment web -o yaml

Answer

kubectl describe deployment web

Question 11

A Deployment is configured with strategy type 'Recreate'. Which statement about this strategy is true?

Accepted Answer

It terminates all existing Pods before creating new Pods.. Recreate terminates all existing Pods before creating new ones, causing downtime.

Answer

It creates a new ReplicaSet but does not scale down the old one.

Answer

It updates Pods by gradually terminating old Pods and creating new ones.

Answer

It first creates new Pods and then terminates old Pods.

Question 12

After upgrading a Helm release, you want to revert to the previous revision. Which command achieves this?

Accepted Answer

helm rollback release-name (previous-revision). helm rollback release-name revision-number reverts to a specific revision. To revert to the previous one, you use the revision number of the previous version.

Answer

helm undo release-name

Answer

helm upgrade --rollback release-name

Answer

helm rollback release-name 0

Question 13

Which command lists all Helm releases in the current namespace?

Accepted Answer

helm list. helm list lists all releases in the current namespace.

Answer

helm show

Answer

helm status

Answer

helm get all

Question 14

An administrator runs 'kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml' and later wants to revert to the previous configuration. Which approach is correct?

Accepted Answer

Run 'kubectl rollout undo deployment '.. kubectl rollout undo deployment reverts to the previous revision.

Answer

Run 'kubectl edit deployment <name>' and manually revert changes.

Answer

Run 'kubectl delete -f deployment.yaml' and reapply the old YAML.

Answer

Run 'kubectl replace -f deployment.yaml' with the old YAML.

Question 15

Which field in a HorizontalPodAutoscaler spec defines the target CPU utilization percentage?

Accepted Answer

spec.targetCPUUtilizationPercentage. The targetCPUUtilizationPercentage field in the HPA spec (for autoscaling/v1) or in the metric spec (for autoscaling/v2) defines the CPU target.

Answer

spec.behavior

Answer

spec.metrics[0].resource.target.averageUtilization

Answer

spec.maxReplicas