CKAD Application Deployment Practice Test 10 — 15 Questions

Question 1

You are using a canary deployment strategy with Deployments and Services. You have a stable version (v1) and a canary version (v2). Both Deployments have the label 'app: myapp'. The Service selector is 'app: myapp'. How can you route a small percentage of traffic to the canary?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

Set the canary Deployment replicas to 1 and the stable to 9, and keep the Service selector as 'app: myapp'. The Service selector 'app: myapp' matches both Deployments, and by setting the canary to 1 replica and the stable to 9, the Service's round-robin load balancing (by default) distributes roughly 10% of traffic to the canary Pods and 90% to the stable Pods. This is a simple, native Kubernetes canary pattern that requires no additional components like Ingress controllers.

Answer

Set both Deployments to 10 replicas and use an Ingress with a canary weight annotation (e.g., canary-weight: '10')

Answer

Set the canary Deployment replicas to 1 and the stable to 9, and update the Service selector to include version: v2

Answer

Set the canary Deployment replicas to 10 and the stable to 1

Question 2

You have just applied a new Deployment configuration using 'kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml'. You want to see the latest revision number of the rollout. Which command should you run?

Accepted Answer

kubectl rollout history deployment/myapp. 'kubectl rollout history deployment/<name>' shows revision history with revision numbers. The latest revision is shown as the most recent.

Answer

kubectl rollout status deployment/myapp

Answer

kubectl get deployment myapp -o yaml

Answer

kubectl describe deployment myapp

Question 3

You have a Deployment that uses the Recreate strategy. You update the container image. What happens to the existing pods?

Accepted Answer

Existing pods are terminated first, then new pods are created. The Recreate strategy terminates all existing pods before creating new ones, causing a brief outage. This is the defining behavior of Recreate and contrasts with RollingUpdate, which replaces pods gradually.

Answer

Existing pods are not affected; you must manually delete them

Answer

Existing pods are gradually terminated while new pods are created

Answer

New pods are created alongside existing pods, then old pods are terminated

Question 4

Which THREE statements correctly describe Kustomize? (Select THREE.)

Accepted Answer

Kustomize uses a kustomization.yaml file to define customization rules.. Option A is correct because Kustomize is driven by a kustomization.yaml file that declares the resources, bases, overlays, patches, and other customization rules for a given directory. Option D is correct because Kustomize natively supports both strategic merge patches (which merge by Kubernetes object schema and merge keys) and JSON patches (RFC 6902-style operations) to modify resources. Option E is correct because kubectl has built-in Kustomize support, so kubectl apply -k <directory> builds and applies the kustomization found in that directory. Option B is incorrect because Kustomize works with plain Kubernetes YAML manifests and is not limited to Helm charts; it can even be combined with Helm output via helm template. Option C is incorrect because Kustomize is a client-side, standalone binary (and is embedded in kubectl) with no separate server component required.

Answer

Kustomize can only be used with Helm charts.

Answer

Kustomize requires a separate server component to run.

Question 5

Which TWO statements about labels and selectors are correct? (Select TWO.)

Accepted Answer

Services use selectors to determine which pods receive traffic.. A is correct because Services use label selectors in their spec.selector field to determine which Pods receive traffic. B is correct because labels are key-value pairs that can be attached to Kubernetes objects for identification and grouping. C is incorrect because selectors return a set of objects matching the given labels, not a single object. D is false because selectors are not required to be defined in the resource definition itself; they are used in controllers and Services to select objects. E is false because labels can be added or modified after creation.

Answer

Selectors are used to identify a single object based on its labels.

Answer

Selectors must be defined in the resource definition itself.

Answer

Labels cannot be added after an object is created.

Question 6

You need to perform a rolling update of a Deployment named 'web-app' with a new image version. Which command should you use?

Accepted Answer

kubectl set image deployment/web-app app=nginx:1.21. The 'kubectl set image' command is used to update the container image of a Deployment, triggering a rolling update. In this case, 'kubectl set image deployment/web-app app=nginx:1.21' updates the container named 'app' to the new image version. Options A, B, and D are incorrect: A requires editing the manifest interactively, B replaces the entire resource definition, and D restarts pods without changing the image.

Answer

kubectl edit deployment web-app

Answer

kubectl replace -f web-app.yaml

Answer

kubectl rollout restart deployment/web-app

Question 7

During a rolling update, you want to ensure that a maximum of 2 extra pods are created above the desired replicas. Which field should you set in the Deployment spec?

Accepted Answer

spec.strategy.rollingUpdate.maxSurge. B is correct because `spec.strategy.rollingUpdate.maxSurge` controls the maximum number of pods that can be created above the desired replica count during a rolling update. Setting `maxSurge` to 2 (or an absolute value of 2) ensures that at most 2 extra pods are created beyond the desired replicas, allowing the update to proceed with controlled parallelism.

Answer

spec.template.spec.containers.resources

Answer

spec.replicas

Answer

spec.strategy.rollingUpdate.maxUnavailable

Question 8

You have a Deployment named 'frontend' with 3 replicas. You run 'kubectl rollout history deployment/frontend' and see revision 1 and revision 2. You want to rollback to revision 1. What command should you use?

Accepted Answer

kubectl rollout undo deployment/frontend --to-revision=1. The 'kubectl rollout undo' command with the --to-revision flag rolls back to a specific revision. Option A is correct.

Answer

kubectl set image deployment/frontend app=nginx:1.19

Answer

kubectl rollout undo deployment/frontend revision=1

Answer

kubectl rollout history deployment/frontend --revision=1

Question 9

Which Helm command is used to install a chart from a repository?

Accepted Answer

helm install myrelease stable/nginx. `helm install myrelease stable/nginx` installs a chart named 'nginx' from the 'stable' repository, creating a release named 'myrelease'. This command requires the chart reference to include the repository alias (e.g., 'stable/nginx') after the repository has been added with `helm repo add`.

Answer

helm repo add stable https://charts.helm.sh/stable

Answer

helm create mychart

Answer

helm upgrade myrelease stable/nginx

Question 10

You are performing a blue-green deployment. You have two Deployments: 'app-blue' and 'app-green', each with 5 replicas. Both are labeled with 'app: myapp'. The Service 'myapp-svc' selects pods with 'app: myapp' and 'version: blue'. After deploying the new version to 'app-green' and verifying it, what change is required to switch traffic to the green deployment?

Accepted Answer

Update the Service selector to 'version: green'. In a blue-green deployment, traffic is switched by updating the Service's selector to match the labels of the new version's pods. Here, the Service 'myapp-svc' selects pods with 'version: blue'. To route traffic to the green deployment, you must change the selector to 'version: green'. This causes the Service to immediately forward traffic to the green pods without modifying the pods themselves.

Answer

Update the label on app-green pods to 'version: blue'

Answer

Scale down app-blue to 0 replicas

Answer

Delete app-blue deployment

Question 11

In a Deployment YAML, which field defines the number of pods to run?

Accepted Answer

spec.replicas. In a Kubernetes Deployment YAML, the `spec.replicas` field directly specifies the desired number of Pod replicas that the Deployment controller should maintain. This field is part of the Deployment's specification and tells the controller to create or scale Pods to match the given count.

Answer

spec.strategy.replicas

Answer

spec.template.replicas

Answer

metadata.replicas

Question 12

You want to use Kustomize to apply a patch to a Deployment in the 'overlays/production' directory. Which command should you run from the kustomization directory?

Accepted Answer

kubectl apply -k overlays/production/. `kubectl apply -k` is the standard command to apply a Kustomize overlay directly from a directory. It instructs kubectl to process the kustomization.yaml file in the specified path, build the final Kubernetes resources with all patches and transformations applied, and then apply them to the cluster. This is the idiomatic way to use Kustomize with kubectl in a production overlay scenario.

Answer

kubectl create -k overlays/production/

Answer

kustomize build overlays/production/ | kubectl apply -f -

Answer

kubectl apply -f overlays/production/

Question 13

During a canary deployment, you want to send 10% of traffic to the new version. You have two Deployments: 'app-stable' (version: stable) and 'app-canary' (version: canary). You use a Service with label selector 'app: myapp' and a second selector for version. How can you achieve the 10% traffic split?

Accepted Answer

Use an Ingress controller that supports canary deployments or a service mesh. Kubernetes Services alone cannot perform weighted traffic splitting based on replica counts; they use round-robin load balancing at the pod level. To achieve a precise 10% traffic split, you need an Ingress controller (e.g., NGINX Ingress with canary annotations) or a service mesh (e.g., Istio with VirtualService) that supports weighted routing between two different Services or subsets. This allows you to direct a specific percentage of traffic to the canary version independently of replica counts.

Answer

Use a Service with multiple ports

Answer

Set the Service's sessionAffinity to distribute load

Answer

Scale app-canary to 1 replica and app-stable to 9 replicas, and use a single Service that selects both

Question 14

You have a Helm release named 'myapp' that was installed. You need to see all the releases in the current namespace. Which command do you run?

Accepted Answer

helm list. helm list lists all releases in the current namespace. Option A is correct because it displays a list of all Helm releases. Option B, helm repo list, lists repositories, not releases. Option C, helm status myapp, shows status of a single release. Option D, helm get all myapp, retrieves information about a specific release.

Answer

helm repo list

Answer

helm status myapp

Answer

helm get all myapp

Question 15

You are using the Recreate strategy for a Deployment. What happens during an update?

Accepted Answer

All existing pods are terminated before new pods are created. The Recreate strategy terminates all existing pods before creating new ones. This is defined in the Deployment's `strategy.type: Recreate` field, which ensures that old Pods are deleted first, and only after they are fully terminated are new Pods created. This guarantees no overlapping versions run simultaneously, but it also causes downtime during the update.

Answer

New pods are created before old ones are terminated

Answer

Pods are updated in-place with a rolling update

Answer

Some old pods remain running until new ones become ready