Application Design and Build

A team is deploying a microservice that requires initialization of a database schema before the main application starts. The init container must run a script that writes to a shared volume. Which configuration correctly ensures the init container completes before the main container runs?

You are tasked with deploying a stateless web application on a Kubernetes cluster. The application is containerized and listens on port 8080. You have created a Deployment named 'webapp' with 3 replicas, and a ClusterIP Service named 'webapp-svc' exposing port 80 targeting the application's port 8080. During testing, you notice that some requests to the service return errors while others succeed. You have verified that all Pods are running and ready. The application logs show no errors. What is the most likely cause of the intermittent failures?

A DevOps engineer wants to deploy a logging sidecar container that reads log files from the main application container. Which volume type should be used to share files between the two containers?

A Pod has two containers: one with a liveness probe that fails after 30 seconds. The restartPolicy is 'Never'. What state will the Pod be in after the liveness probe fails?

Which TWO of the following are valid concurrencyPolicy values for a CronJob?

A developer wants to containerize a Node.js application. The Dockerfile should first copy only package.json and package-lock.json, run npm install, then copy the rest of the source code. Which Dockerfile best achieves this?

Which kubectl command creates a pod named 'nginx' from the image 'nginx:latest'?

A CronJob is configured with concurrencyPolicy: Forbid and schedule: '*/5 * * * *'. The first job takes 7 minutes. What happens when the next scheduled time arrives?

A pod in the 'production' namespace is in a CrashLoopBackOff state. The pod has been running successfully for several days. You run 'kubectl describe pod app-pod -n production' and see the message: 'OOMKilled'. What is the MOST appropriate action to resolve this issue?

You have a pod with two containers: one runs a web server, and the other is a sidecar that logs the web server's output to a central logging system. Which pattern does this represent?

You have a multi-container pod with two containers: container-A and container-B. container-B needs to access the network of container-A. Which configuration is required?

Which of the following are valid concurrencyPolicy values for a CronJob? (Select all that apply.)

You want to create a Deployment that runs 5 replicas of a web application. Which kubectl command should you use?

A developer creates a Dockerfile with the following content: FROM alpine:3.18 COPY app.sh /app.sh RUN chmod +x /app.sh CMD ["/app.sh"] They want to override the command to run '/app.sh --debug' when deploying the container in Kubernetes. Which of the following pod spec fields should they use?

You need to run a batch job that processes 100 items. The job should be considered complete when all items are processed successfully. You want to run up to 10 pods concurrently. Which job configuration is correct?

You need to debug a running pod that does not have a shell installed. Which kubectl command allows you to start an ephemeral container with a shell?

You have a Pod with two containers: a main application and a sidecar that handles logging. The sidecar needs access to the same log files as the main application. Which volume type allows both containers to share files?

You need to debug a pod that is not responding. Which command attaches an ephemeral debug container to a running pod named 'web-pod'?

A pod in the 'production' namespace is in a CrashLoopBackOff state. The pod has been running successfully for several days. You run 'kubectl describe pod app-pod -n production' and see the message: 'OOMKilled'. What is the MOST appropriate action to resolve this issue?

You need to create a Job that runs a single task to completion. Which kubectl command correctly creates a Job named 'data-processor' that runs the image 'myapp/processor:1.0'?

You are designing a Pod that must run a diagnostic tool to collect network logs before the main application starts. The diagnostic tool should run to completion, then the main application starts. Which approach should you use?

What is the purpose of a .dockerignore file in a Docker build context?

Which Dockerfile instruction sets a command that can be overridden when running the container?

What is the primary purpose of an init container in a pod?

A pod in the 'production' namespace is in a CrashLoopBackOff state. The pod has been running successfully for several days. You run 'kubectl describe pod app-pod -n production' and see the message: 'OOMKilled'. What is the MOST appropriate action to resolve this issue?

You have a multi-stage Dockerfile. The first stage builds a binary using a large build image. The second stage copies the binary from the first stage into a minimal runtime image. Which Dockerfile instruction is used to copy artifacts from a previous stage?

You are tasked with running a batch job that processes 100 items in parallel, using a Kubernetes Job. The Job should ensure that all items are processed even if some pods fail, and the total number of pod failures should be limited to 3. Which Job configuration is correct?

You need to schedule a task that runs every day at 2:00 AM. The task should be allowed to run even if a previous instance is still running. Which concurrencyPolicy should you set in the CronJob spec?

You have a Job that runs a batch process. The Job YAML is as follows: apiVersion: batch/v1 kind: Job metadata: name: batch-job spec: parallelism: 4 completions: 12 backoffLimit: 2 template: spec: containers: - name: worker image: myapp:latest restartPolicy: Never If one pod fails after 3 successful completions, and the Job has already completed 7 successes, how many pods will be running at that point? Assume no other failures.

You need to debug a pod that is running but not serving traffic. You want to add a temporary container with networking tools to the pod. Which command should you use?

An init container in a pod runs a database migration script. The init container fails and exits with a non-zero exit code. What will happen to the pod?