CV0-004 Practice Test 5 — 10 Questions

Question 1

A company is migrating a legacy on-premises application to a public cloud. The application currently uses a single monolithic architecture and relies on a local file system for storage. The cloud architect needs to redesign the application to take advantage of cloud-native features. Which design principle should the architect prioritize to ensure scalability and resilience?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

Refactor the application into microservices deployed across multiple instances. Refactoring the monolithic application into microservices enables independent scaling of components, improves fault isolation, and aligns with cloud-native patterns like containerization and orchestration (e.g., Kubernetes). This approach leverages horizontal scaling across multiple instances, which is essential for achieving elasticity and resilience in a public cloud environment, unlike the legacy single-point-of-failure monolithic design.

Answer

Maintain the monolithic architecture and connect via VPN to on-premises storage

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Use vertical scaling by increasing vCPU and RAM on a single large VM

Answer

Deploy the entire application in a single availability zone to reduce latency

Question 2

A cloud administrator is troubleshooting connectivity to a web server running on a Linux VM. The web server is configured to listen on ports 80 (HTTP) and 443 (HTTPS). The administrator runs the iptables command shown in the exhibit. Based on the output, what is the MOST likely reason that external users cannot access the web server on port 443?

Accepted Answer

The iptables rule for port 443 only allows traffic from the 10.0.0.0/8 subnet, which does not include external IP addresses.. The iptables rule for port 443 specifies a source IP range of 10.0.0.0/8, which is a private RFC 1918 address space. External users have public IP addresses that do not fall within this subnet, so their HTTPS traffic is implicitly dropped by the rule's match condition. The default policy being ACCEPT does not override the explicit rule that only permits traffic from the 10.0.0.0/8 subnet.

Answer

The web server is not configured to listen on port 443, so iptables rules are irrelevant.

Answer

The iptables default policy is ACCEPT, but the rule for port 443 explicitly drops traffic from external sources.

Answer

The rule for port 80 is placed before the rule for port 443, causing all HTTPS traffic to be evaluated as HTTP and dropped.

Question 3

A company is migrating its on-premises database to a cloud-managed database service. The database contains sensitive financial data. Which of the following is the MOST important security configuration to implement after migration?

Accepted Answer

Enable encryption at rest using a customer-managed key. Enabling encryption at rest with a customer-managed key is the most important security configuration for sensitive financial data in a cloud-managed database, because it protects data confidentiality even if the underlying storage is compromised and gives the organization control over key lifecycle and access. Customer-managed keys (via KMS or equivalent) allow granular access policies, rotation, and revocation, which are critical for regulatory compliance such as PCI DSS. This directly addresses the protection of data at rest, the primary security concern after migration.

Answer

Configure automated patching schedule

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Enable public read access for monitoring tools

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Set up cross-region replication for high availability

Question 4

A company uses GCP and wants to ensure that log entries from Compute Engine instances are automatically exported to BigQuery for analysis. The logs must include structured JSON data. Which GCP service should be configured to route logs?

Accepted Answer

Cloud Logging using sinks. Cloud Logging can route logs to BigQuery using sinks. It accepts structured logs in JSON format.

Answer

Cloud Audit Logs

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Cloud Functions

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Cloud Monitoring

Question 5

A cloud administrator needs to centrally collect, search, and retain application and system logs from hundreds of Amazon EC2 instances and AWS services for troubleshooting and compliance. The administrator wants a managed service that stores logs in durable storage and allows ad hoc queries using a query language. Which AWS service should the administrator use?

Accepted Answer

Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Amazon CloudWatch Logs is the managed AWS service for centralizing log data from EC2 instances and AWS services. The CloudWatch agent ships instance logs to log groups, and CloudWatch Logs Insights provides a purpose-built query language to search and analyze events. CloudTrail captures API activity, Config tracks resource configuration, and Trusted Advisor offers recommendations, none of which provide general log ingestion and querying.

Answer

AWS CloudTrail

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AWS Trusted Advisor

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AWS Config

Question 6

An organization uses a cloud-based load balancer to distribute traffic to a web application across multiple availability zones. Users report that the application is intermittently unavailable. The cloud administrator finds that the load balancer health checks are failing on instances in one availability zone. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

The availability zone is experiencing a partial outage.. When health checks fail for all instances in a single availability zone (AZ) while other AZs remain healthy, the most likely cause is a partial outage or degradation within that AZ. Cloud providers like AWS, Azure, or GCP isolate AZs to prevent single points of failure, but an AZ can experience issues such as network connectivity loss, power disruption, or hardware failures that affect all instances in that zone. The load balancer's health checks are designed to detect such zone-level failures by probing each instance; if an entire AZ is impaired, all its instances will fail the health check simultaneously.

Answer

A single instance in the failing AZ has a misconfigured web server.

Answer

The DNS settings for the application domain are misconfigured.

Answer

The load balancer's listener configuration is incorrect.

Question 7

A company uses Google Cloud Platform (GCP) and wants to enforce that all service accounts used by applications have only the permissions necessary to perform their tasks. Which IAM concept should the administrator apply?

Accepted Answer

Least privilege. The principle of least privilege dictates granting only the required permissions. In GCP, this is achieved by assigning predefined roles that are narrowly scoped to specific services, and by using conditions to further restrict access.

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Separation of duties

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Privileged access management (PAM)

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Role-based access control (RBAC)

Question 8

A company is designing a disaster recovery (DR) plan for a critical application hosted in a public cloud. The application requires a recovery time objective (RTO) of 1 hour and a recovery point objective (RPO) of 15 minutes. Which of the following DR strategies BEST meets these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Warm standby with continuous data replication.. Warm standby with continuous data replication meets the RTO of 1 hour and RPO of 15 minutes because it maintains a partially scaled-down replica of the production environment that can be quickly scaled up, and continuous replication (e.g., using asynchronous replication or Change Block Tracking) ensures data loss is limited to seconds or minutes, well within the 15-minute RPO.

Answer

Backup and restore with daily backups.

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Cold standby with nightly backups.

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Pilot light with hourly snapshots.

Question 9

A company uses Azure and wants to enforce multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all administrative users. The solution must be centrally managed and apply to all Azure subscriptions. Which approach should be used?

Accepted Answer

Create a Conditional Access policy in Azure AD requiring MFA for all cloud apps. Conditional Access policies in Microsoft Entra ID are centrally managed and can enforce MFA for all cloud apps across all Azure subscriptions by targeting the 'Microsoft Azure Management' cloud app. This approach applies to all administrative users regardless of subscription, as Microsoft Entra ID is the identity provider for Azure resources.

Answer

Configure MFA on each individual Azure subscription

Answer

Assign MFA to each user individually in Azure AD

Answer

Use Azure Policy to require MFA for admin roles

Question 10

During a disaster recovery test, a cloud administrator finds that the replicated VMs in the secondary site fail to start because they are assigned to a resource pool that does not exist in the secondary site. Which of the following should the administrator have done to prevent this issue?

Accepted Answer

Map the resource pools between primary and secondary sites.. The issue stems from the replicated VMs being assigned to a resource pool that doesn't exist on the secondary site. By mapping resource pools between primary and secondary sites during replication setup, the administrator ensures that the destination resource pool is created or mapped correctly, allowing the VMs to start without dependency errors. This is a common prerequisite in vSphere Replication or similar disaster recovery tools where resource pool configurations must be mirrored to avoid startup failures.

Answer

Use storage snapshot replication instead.

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Ensure the secondary site has identical hardware.

Answer

Configure the replication job to use a different datastore.