CCNA IP Routing Practice Test 5 — 15 Questions

Question 1

Match each wireless concept to its description.

Accepted Answer

BSS: A single AP and its associated clients, forming the basic building block of a WLAN.. SSID is the Service Set Identifier, the network name that clients see when scanning for Wi-Fi. WPA2 is a Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 security standard that commonly uses AES encryption to secure traffic. An AP (Access Point) is a device that bridges wired and wireless networks, providing connectivity to clients. A controller-based WLAN uses a centralized controller to manage configuration, roaming, and security across multiple APs.

Answer

BSS: A wireless network with multiple APs connected by a distribution system, providing extended coverage.

Answer

BSS: A peer-to-peer wireless network without an AP, where stations communicate directly.

Answer

BSS: The MAC address of the access point, used to uniquely identify the BSS.

Question 2

R1 has the following static route configured:

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 203.0.113.1

What does this route accomplish?

Accepted Answer

It creates a default route used when no more specific route exists.. This command creates a default static route. In everyday terms, it tells the router, “If you do not know a more specific way to reach a destination, send the traffic to 203.0.113.1.” That next-hop address usually points toward an upstream router or ISP edge. The command does not describe one specific remote network; it represents every destination not otherwise matched by a more specific entry.

At the routing-table level, `0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0` is the broadest possible IPv4 prefix. Because it matches everything, it is used only when nothing more specific exists.

Answer

It blocks unknown destinations from leaving the router.

Answer

It creates a host route to 203.0.113.1 only.

Answer

It advertises all connected routes into OSPF.

Question 3

A network engineer enters the following configuration on R1 and R2, but R1 cannot form an OSPF adjacency with R2 on interface GigabitEthernet0/0.

R1# show running-config interface GigabitEthernet0/0
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
 ip ospf hello-interval 10
 ip ospf dead-interval 40
 ip ospf 1 area 0
!
R2# show running-config interface GigabitEthernet0/0
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
 ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
 ip ospf hello-interval 5
 ip ospf dead-interval 20
 ip ospf 1 area 0

What is the most likely cause of the failure?

Accepted Answer

The OSPF timers on the interface do not match.. The routers must agree on hello and dead timers to establish an OSPF adjacency. R1 uses hello=10 and dead=40, while R2 uses hello=5 and dead=20; this mismatch prevents the neighbor relationship. Although both routers share the same area (0) and subnet mask, and OSPF process IDs are locally significant (no match required), the timer difference is the root cause.

Answer

The routers are in different OSPF areas.

Answer

The subnet mask prevents multicast OSPF packets from being exchanged.

Answer

The OSPF process IDs do not match on the two routers.

Question 4

Match each route type to its description.

Accepted Answer

Default route: A route used when no other specific route matches the destination.. Connected routes are automatically generated when a router interface is configured and active because the network is directly attached. Static routes are manually configured by an administrator to define specific paths. Dynamic routes are learned through routing protocols like OSPF or EIGRP. Default routes serve as a catch-all entry, used when no more specific route matches the destination.

Question 5

A router has these routes installed. Which path will be chosen for traffic to 172.16.10.200?

Accepted Answer

S 172.16.10.128/25 via 10.1.1.6. When multiple routes could match a destination, the router first uses longest-prefix match. In plain language, it chooses the route that describes the destination most specifically, not simply the one from the protocol with the lowest metric somewhere else in the table. For 172.16.10.200, the key is to determine which listed prefix actually contains that address and is the narrowest valid match.

If a /25 and a /24 both match, the /25 wins because it is more specific. If the destination does not fit inside the smaller subnet, then the broader route is used instead. That is the entire skill being tested here: careful evaluation of the prefix boundaries before thinking about anything else. Once you recognize the address falls within the upper half of the /24, the more specific route becomes obvious.

Answer

O 172.16.10.0/24 via 10.1.1.2

Answer

O 172.16.0.0/16 via 10.1.1.10

Answer

S* 0.0.0.0/0 via 203.0.113.1

Question 6

Which two statements accurately describe longest-prefix match in routing?

Accepted Answer

The most specific matching route is preferred over broader matching routes.. Longest-prefix match means a router prefers the most specific route that matches the destination. In plain language, if several entries could apply to a packet, the router chooses the one that narrows the destination range most precisely. This is why a /25 can beat a /24, and a /24 can beat a /16, even if all three technically contain the same destination address.

The common mistake is to assume the router always begins with protocol trust or metric. Those factors matter, but only after the router has determined which matching routes share the same prefix length.

Answer

A default route is preferred over a matching /24 because it is simpler.

Answer

Routers ignore subnet masks and choose only by administrative distance.

Answer

A /16 is always more specific than a /24.

Question 7

Why does a passive interface in OSPF still matter even though it does not send hello packets?

Accepted Answer

The connected network can still be advertised into OSPF through other active adjacencies. A passive interface still matters because the connected network can still be advertised into OSPF even though the interface itself does not form neighbor relationships. In plain language, the router is saying, “This network is mine, and I want others to know about it, but I do not want to speak OSPF directly on this interface.” That is useful on user-facing or stub-like interfaces where no OSPF neighbor should exist.

This distinction is important because some engineers assume passive means “ignored entirely.” It does not. The connected network can still appear in routing updates sent through real neighbors on other interfaces. What changes is neighbor formation on the passive interface itself.

Answer

The passive interface automatically becomes the OSPF router ID

Answer

The passive interface disables all OSPF operation on the router

Answer

The passive interface converts OSPF into EIGRP on that link

Question 8

A router pair is directly connected, but they do not become OSPF neighbors. IP addressing and area assignment are correct. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

OSPF network type mismatch on the connected interfaces. OSPF network type mismatch is a frequent reason for adjacency failure when basic IP and area settings are correct. If one side is configured as broadcast and the other as point-to-point, the hello timers, neighbor discovery behavior, and designated router election rules diverge, preventing neighbor formation. Unlike process IDs (which are locally significant), a mismatch in network type directly affects how OSPF hellos are processed. This is a well-known L2/L3 misconfiguration that must be checked alongside router‑ID and authentication parameters.

Answer

Duplicate default routes on both routers

Answer

Missing VLAN trunking on the link

Answer

The OSPF process IDs are required to match

Question 9

Match each OSPF adjacency requirement or concept to its most accurate description.

Accepted Answer

Neighbor discovery uses Hello packets to establish and maintain adjacencies.. Hello/Dead timers must match between neighbors to form a stable OSPF adjacency; mismatched timers cause neighbor relationships to fail. Area must be identical on the shared OSPF segment because routers in different areas do not establish full adjacencies. Router ID uniquely identifies the router within the OSPF process, used for DR/BDR election and LSA origination. Passive interface suppresses hello packets, preventing neighbor formation on that link, while still allowing the connected network to be advertised via the router's LSA.

Answer

DR/BDR election reduces the number of LSAs flooded in a broadcast multiaccess network.

Answer

LSA flooding is the process by which OSPF routers exchange link-state information to build a common topology database.

Answer

The SPF algorithm is used to compute the shortest path to each destination based on the link-state database.

Question 10

A router has both an OSPF route and a static route to the same destination. The static route has an administrative distance of 200. What is the expected behavior while the OSPF route remains available?

Accepted Answer

The static route remains a backup and is used only if the OSPF route is lost.. The static route with an administrative distance of 200 behaves as a floating backup. In plain language, the router keeps it in reserve and prefers the OSPF route while OSPF is healthy, because OSPF’s default administrative distance of 110 is lower and therefore more trusted. The static route does not disappear from the configuration, but it stays out of the active routing table unless the better route is lost.

This is a very common CCNA concept because it shows how routing preference works between different route sources. The higher-distance static route is not useless; it is intentionally configured so that it becomes active only during a failure. That design provides backup routing without interfering with the normal dynamic path. The correct answer is the one describing the static route as a standby or floating route rather than as the preferred path.

Answer

The static route overrides OSPF immediately because static routes always win.

Answer

Both routes must be installed simultaneously because they point to the same destination.

Answer

The router removes the OSPF route because the static route has a manually configured distance.

Question 11

A route to 10.10.20.0/24 disappears when an OSPF adjacency fails. Which design would most directly provide an automatic backup without changing the primary OSPF path during normal operation?

Accepted Answer

A floating static route with a higher administrative distance than OSPF. The most direct design is a floating static route with a higher administrative distance than OSPF. In plain language, that means the router keeps a manually configured backup route in reserve but does not use it while the OSPF route remains healthy. If the OSPF path disappears, the backup static route becomes active automatically. This is a very common and practical way to add simple failover.

The key requirement in the question is that the primary OSPF path should remain unchanged under normal conditions. A normal static route with default distance would override OSPF and break that goal. A floating static route avoids that by staying less preferred until a failure occurs. That is why it is the correct design choice here.

Answer

A standard static route with the default administrative distance of 1

Answer

Removing OSPF entirely and using only a default route

Answer

Disabling the routing table on the router until failure occurs

Question 12

A router learns the same destination from EIGRP and OSPF. The EIGRP route has a metric of 1000, and the OSPF route has a metric of 10. Which route is installed by default?

Accepted Answer

The EIGRP route, because its source has a lower default administrative distance. The EIGRP route is installed by default because route selection between different routing protocols is based on administrative distance before the protocol-specific metric is compared across sources. In plain language, the router does not compare an OSPF metric of 10 directly against an EIGRP metric of 1000 because those metrics come from different systems and are not numerically comparable in a meaningful cross-protocol way. Instead, the router first looks at the trustworthiness of the source.

By default, internal EIGRP routes have a lower administrative distance than OSPF routes, so EIGRP wins even though the OSPF metric value appears lower. This is a classic CCNA trap designed to catch people who compare metrics across different protocols without considering administrative distance first.

Answer

The OSPF route, because 10 is lower than 1000

Answer

Both routes automatically install for load balancing

Answer

Neither route installs until the administrator chooses manually

Question 13

A route to 192.168.1.0/24 appears in the routing table from OSPF, but a more specific static route to 192.168.1.128/25 is also configured. Which route is used for traffic to 192.168.1.200?

Accepted Answer

The static /25 route. The static /25 route is used because longest-prefix match prefers the most specific matching route. In plain language, even though the OSPF /24 route covers the destination, the /25 static route covers a narrower range and therefore wins for addresses inside that upper half of the subnet.

The router does not begin by asking which protocol is more trusted unless the prefix lengths are equal among the matching routes.

Answer

The OSPF /24 route

Answer

Both routes automatically load-balance

Answer

Neither route because the network overlaps

Question 14

Which two statements accurately describe OSPF route selection or behavior at the CCNA level?

Accepted Answer

OSPF uses cost as its metric for choosing paths within OSPF.. OSPF uses cost as its metric for path selection within the protocol, and OSPF routes are compared against other route sources using administrative distance when cross-protocol decisions are needed. OSPF supports equal-cost multi-path (ECMP), meaning it can install multiple equal-cost paths to the same destination, so option E is incorrect. The wrong answers confuse cost with administrative distance, treat process IDs as globally significant, or incorrectly direct cross-protocol metric comparisons.

Answer

OSPF compares its metric directly against EIGRP metrics across protocols.

Answer

OSPF process IDs must match between all neighboring routers.

Answer

OSPF can never install equal-cost paths.

Question 15

Which two statements accurately describe default routes in a routed network?

Accepted Answer

A default route is used when no more specific route matches.. A default route is a fallback path used when no more specific route matches, which justifies option A. It is commonly represented as 0.0.0.0/0 in IPv4, so option B is also correct. Option C is incorrect because default routes are not always preferred over connected routes; connected routes are more specific (e.g., /24) and thus take precedence. Option D is false because default routes can be statically configured or dynamically learned via routing protocols such as OSPF or EIGRP. Option E is incorrect because default routes do not eliminate the need for route selection logic; routers still perform longest prefix match, and default routes are only used when no more specific match exists.

Answer

A default route is always preferred over connected routes.

Answer

A default route can exist only when dynamic routing is disabled.

Answer

A default route removes the need for route selection logic.