AZ-305 Design infrastructure solutions Practice Test 7 — 15 Questions

Question 1

A company runs a web application on Azure VMs in a single region. The application must scale out automatically based on CPU utilization. The VMs are behind an Azure Load Balancer. Which Azure service should they use to automatically add or remove VMs based on demand?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

Azure Virtual Machine Scale Sets. Azure Virtual Machine Scale Sets (VMSS) is the correct service because it provides automatic scaling of identical VM instances based on metrics like CPU utilization. When you configure an autoscale rule on a VMSS, it automatically adds or removes VM instances behind the Azure Load Balancer, ensuring the application scales out or in based on demand without manual intervention.

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Azure App Service

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Azure Functions

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Azure Batch

Question 2

A company deploys a web application on multiple Azure VMs in a single region. They need to distribute incoming HTTP and HTTPS traffic across the VMs, offload SSL/TLS termination, and maintain session persistence (sticky sessions) so that all requests from a user session go to the same backend VM. Which Azure load balancing solution should they use?

Accepted Answer

Azure Application Gateway. Azure Application Gateway is a Layer 7 load balancer that can distribute HTTP/HTTPS traffic, offload SSL/TLS termination, and support session persistence via cookie-based affinity (sticky sessions). These capabilities directly match the requirements, making it the correct choice.

Answer

Azure Load Balancer

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Azure Traffic Manager

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Azure Front Door

Question 3

A company deploys a web application across multiple Azure VMs in a single region. They need to distribute incoming HTTP traffic, offload SSL termination, and perform URL-based routing to different backend pools (e.g., /images to one pool, /api to another). Which Azure load balancing solution should they use?

Accepted Answer

Azure Application Gateway. Azure Application Gateway is a Layer 7 load balancer that can distribute HTTP traffic, offload SSL termination, and perform URL-based routing to different backend pools. This directly matches the requirements for routing /images and /api traffic to separate pools while handling SSL termination at the gateway.

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Azure Load Balancer

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Azure Traffic Manager

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Azure Front Door

Question 4

A company has Azure virtual networks (VNets) in three different Azure regions and an on-premises data center connected via ExpressRoute. They need to connect all VNets to each other and to on-premises over the Microsoft global backbone. They also require centralized management of routing and the ability to enforce security policies such as forced tunneling for internet-bound traffic. Which Azure service should they use?

Accepted Answer

Azure Virtual WAN. Azure Virtual WAN is the correct choice because it provides a hub-and-spoke architecture that connects VNets across regions and on-premises via the Microsoft global backbone, with built-in centralized routing management and the ability to enforce security policies like forced tunneling through integrated Azure Firewall or third-party NVAs. It meets all requirements: multi-region VNet connectivity, ExpressRoute integration, and centralized policy control.

Answer

Azure Virtual Network Manager

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Azure Firewall

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Azure Route Server

Question 5

A company deploys a web application on Azure VMs. They need to distribute incoming HTTP and HTTPS traffic based on the URL path: requests to /api/* go to one VM pool, requests to /images/* go to another pool. They also need to offload SSL/TLS termination. Which Azure load balancing solution should they use?

Accepted Answer

Azure Application Gateway. Azure Application Gateway is a layer-7 load balancer that can route traffic based on URL path (e.g., /api/* vs /images/*) and provides SSL/TLS termination at the gateway, offloading the decryption from the backend VMs. This matches both requirements exactly, whereas other solutions either lack layer-7 path-based routing or are designed for global traffic distribution.

Answer

Azure Load Balancer

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Azure Traffic Manager

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Azure Front Door

Question 6

A company has multiple Azure virtual networks (VNets) spread across three Azure regions (West US, East US, and West Europe). They also have an on-premises network connected to East US via ExpressRoute. They need to connect all VNets to each other and to the on-premises network. They require centralized management of routing and the ability to enforce security policies such as forcing all internet-bound traffic from any VNet to pass through a central firewall in East US. Which Azure solution should they implement?

Accepted Answer

Azure Virtual WAN with a secured hub in East US.. Azure Virtual WAN with a secured hub in East US provides a centralized hub-and-spoke architecture that connects all VNets and the on-premises network via ExpressRoute. The secured hub includes Azure Firewall, enabling forced tunneling of all internet-bound traffic from any VNet through the central firewall in East US, while Virtual WAN automatically manages routing between all spokes and the on-premises network.

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VNet peering between all VNets and use route tables for forced tunneling.

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ExpressRoute Global Reach with VNet peering to connect all VNets.

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VPN gateways with BGP to connect all VNets.

Question 7

A company deploys a web application on Azure VMs across multiple availability zones in the East US region. They need to distribute incoming HTTPS traffic across the VMs, offload SSL termination, and ensure that client requests from the same user session are sent to the same backend VM (session persistence). Which Azure load balancing solution should they choose?

Accepted Answer

Azure Application Gateway v2 with cookie-based affinity. Azure Application Gateway v2 is the correct choice because it is a Layer 7 load balancer that can offload SSL termination, distribute HTTPS traffic, and support cookie-based session affinity (also known as sticky sessions). Cookie-based affinity ensures that all requests from the same user session are routed to the same backend VM by injecting an Application Gateway-managed cookie into the client's response. This meets all three requirements: HTTPS traffic distribution, SSL offloading, and session persistence.

Answer

Azure Load Balancer Standard with source IP affinity

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Azure Traffic Manager with performance routing

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Azure Front Door with session affinity

Question 8

A company has Azure virtual networks (VNets) in three different Azure regions (West US, East US, and West Europe). They also have an on-premises data center connected to the East US region via ExpressRoute. They need to connect all VNets to each other and to the on-premises network. The solution must support transitive routing between all sites and provide centralized management of connectivity and routing policies. Which Azure service should they use?

Accepted Answer

Azure Virtual WAN. Azure Virtual WAN is correct because it provides a hub-and-spoke architecture with built-in transitive routing between all VNets and on-premises sites. It supports automatic connectivity through Virtual Hub routers, which use BGP to propagate routes across all spokes and branches, meeting the requirement for centralized management of connectivity and routing policies.

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VNet peering

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VPN Gateway

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ExpressRoute Direct

Question 9

A company deploys a web application on multiple Azure virtual machines (VMs) in a single region. The application receives HTTP and HTTPS traffic. They need to distribute the traffic across the VMs, offload SSL/TLS termination, and ensure that client requests from the same user session are always sent to the same backend VM (session persistence). Additionally, they need to route requests based on URL paths (e.g., /api/* to one pool, /images/* to another). Which Azure load balancing solution should they use?

Accepted Answer

Azure Application Gateway. Azure Application Gateway is the correct choice because it is a layer-7 load balancer that supports SSL/TLS termination, URL path-based routing, and session persistence (sticky sessions) via cookies. These features directly match the requirements for distributing HTTP/HTTPS traffic, offloading SSL, routing requests based on URL paths, and maintaining user session affinity to the same backend VM.

Answer

Azure Load Balancer

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Azure Front Door

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Azure Traffic Manager

Question 10

A company has virtual machines in Azure that need to be grouped across multiple fault domains and update domains to ensure high availability. They plan to deploy three VMs running the same application tier. Which Azure feature should they use to provide redundancy within a single region?

Accepted Answer

Availability Set. An Availability Set distributes VMs across multiple fault domains (shared hardware, power, and networking) and update domains (planned maintenance) within a single Azure datacenter. This ensures that at least one VM remains available during both hardware failures and Azure patching cycles. For three VMs running the same application tier, an Availability Set provides the required redundancy without the complexity of zone-level isolation.

Answer

Availability Zone

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Virtual Machine Scale Set with manual scaling

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Azure Site Recovery

Question 11

A company has multiple Azure virtual networks (VNets) in different regions connected via VNet peering. They also have an on-premises data center connected to Azure via ExpressRoute. They need to provide internet-bound traffic from all Azure VNets through a single, centralized network virtual appliance (NVA) in the hub VNet for security inspection. They also need to ensure that traffic between VNets and on-premises is routed optimally without going through the internet. Which Azure solution should they implement?

Accepted Answer

Deploy an Azure Virtual WAN with a secured hub (Azure Firewall) and route traffic through it. Azure Virtual WAN with a secured hub (Azure Firewall) provides a centralized, managed routing architecture that meets all requirements. It automatically routes internet-bound traffic from all VNets through the Azure Firewall in the hub for security inspection, while also ensuring optimal routing between VNets and on-premises via ExpressRoute without traversing the internet. This solution eliminates the need for manual UDRs and complex NVA management, as Virtual WAN handles routing and security centrally.

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Implement VNet peering with user-defined routes (UDRs) to force traffic through the NVA

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Use Azure Firewall in each VNet to inspect traffic locally

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Use Azure Route Server to propagate routes to all VNets

Question 12

A company deploys a web application on Azure virtual machines (VMs) across multiple availability zones in the East US region. The application receives HTTPS traffic. They need to distribute incoming traffic across the VMs, offload SSL/TLS termination, and ensure that client requests from the same user session are always sent to the same backend VM (session persistence). Which Azure load balancing solution should they choose?

Accepted Answer

Azure Application Gateway. Azure Application Gateway is the correct choice because it is a Layer 7 load balancer that supports SSL/TLS termination, cookie-based session persistence (affinity), and can distribute HTTPS traffic across VMs in multiple availability zones. These features directly match all three requirements: SSL offloading, session persistence, and cross-zone traffic distribution.

Answer

Azure Load Balancer

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Azure Traffic Manager

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Azure Front Door

Question 13

A company wants to deploy a web application on Azure virtual machines (VMs). The application experiences variable traffic patterns, so the company needs to automatically add or remove VM instances based on CPU utilization. They also want the application to remain highly available even if an Azure datacenter fails. Which combination of Azure services should they use?

Accepted Answer

Virtual Machine Scale Sets configured with autoscale rules based on CPU and distributed across availability zones. Virtual Machine Scale Sets (VMSS) with autoscale rules based on CPU utilization automatically add or remove VM instances to match variable traffic patterns. Distributing the VMSS across availability zones ensures the application remains highly available even if an entire Azure datacenter fails, because availability zones are physically separate datacenters within a region.

Answer

Azure App Service with autoscale rules and deployment slots

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Azure Load Balancer with a backend pool of VMs and autoscale rules applied to individual VMSS

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Azure Traffic Manager with endpoints in separate regions and Manual scaling of VMs

Question 14

A global e-commerce company runs a web application in multiple Azure regions. They need to distribute incoming HTTPS traffic across regional deployments to provide low latency and high availability. The solution must support SSL offloading, Web Application Firewall (WAF) policies, and content caching to reduce backend load. They also need to route users to the nearest healthy backend region. Which Azure service should they use?

Accepted Answer

Azure Front Door. Azure Front Door is the correct choice because it is a global, scalable entry point that provides HTTPS traffic distribution across multiple Azure regions with low latency, SSL offloading, WAF policies, and content caching. It uses Anycast-based routing to direct users to the nearest healthy backend region, meeting all the requirements for high availability and performance.

Answer

Azure Traffic Manager

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Azure Application Gateway

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Azure Content Delivery Network (CDN)

Question 15

A company has headquarters and multiple branch offices worldwide, each with its own on-premises network. They want to connect all these sites to Azure and to each other over a single, centrally managed solution. They need high bandwidth connectivity for site-to-site traffic, support for both VPN and ExpressRoute connections, and automatic routing management without the complexity of configuring multiple VPN tunnels or BGP manually. Which Azure service should they use?

Accepted Answer

Azure Virtual WAN. Azure Virtual WAN is the correct choice because it provides a single, centrally managed hub-and-spoke architecture that connects branch offices, headquarters, and Azure over a unified network. It supports both VPN and ExpressRoute connections, automatically manages routing (including BGP) without manual configuration of multiple tunnels, and offers high bandwidth for site-to-site traffic.

Answer

Azure VPN Gateway (site-to-site) with BGP

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Azure ExpressRoute with Microsoft peering

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Azure Virtual Network peering