AZ-305 Design infrastructure solutions Practice Test 4 — 15 Questions

Question 1

A company wants to deploy a web application on Azure virtual machines (VMs). The application experiences variable traffic patterns, so the company needs to automatically add or remove VM instances based on CPU utilization. They also want the application to remain highly available even if an Azure datacenter fails. Which combination of Azure services should they use?

Accepted Answer

Virtual Machine Scale Sets configured with autoscale rules based on CPU and distributed across availability zones. Virtual Machine Scale Sets (VMSS) with autoscale rules based on CPU utilization automatically add or remove VM instances to match variable traffic patterns. Distributing the VMSS across availability zones ensures the application remains highly available even if an entire Azure datacenter fails, because availability zones are physically separate datacenters within a region.

Answer

Azure App Service with autoscale rules and deployment slots

Answer

Azure Load Balancer with a backend pool of VMs and autoscale rules applied to individual VMSS

Answer

Azure Traffic Manager with endpoints in separate regions and Manual scaling of VMs

Question 2

A global e-commerce company runs a web application in multiple Azure regions. They need to distribute incoming HTTPS traffic across regional deployments to provide low latency and high availability. The solution must support SSL offloading, Web Application Firewall (WAF) policies, and content caching to reduce backend load. They also need to route users to the nearest healthy backend region. Which Azure service should they use?

Accepted Answer

Azure Front Door. Azure Front Door is the correct choice because it is a global, scalable entry point that provides HTTPS traffic distribution across multiple Azure regions with low latency, SSL offloading, WAF policies, and content caching. It uses Anycast-based routing to direct users to the nearest healthy backend region, meeting all the requirements for high availability and performance.

Answer

Azure Traffic Manager

Answer

Azure Application Gateway

Answer

Azure Content Delivery Network (CDN)

Question 3

A company has deployed Azure virtual machines without public IP addresses. They need to provide secure RDP and SSH access to these VMs for administrators from the corporate network (on-premises). The solution must integrate with Microsoft Entra ID for authentication and support multi-factor authentication (MFA). It must not require any public endpoint exposure on the VMs. Which Azure service should they use?

Accepted Answer

Azure Bastion. Azure Bastion provides secure RDP and SSH connectivity to Azure VMs directly from the Azure portal over TLS, without exposing any public IP addresses on the VMs. It integrates with Microsoft Entra ID for authentication and can enforce MFA through conditional access policies, meeting all stated requirements.

Answer

Point-to-Site VPN gateway

Answer

Azure ExpressRoute

Answer

Microsoft Entra ID Application Proxy

Question 4

A company has headquarters and multiple branch offices worldwide, each with its own on-premises network. They want to connect all these sites to Azure and to each other over a single, centrally managed solution. They need high bandwidth connectivity for site-to-site traffic, support for both VPN and ExpressRoute connections, and automatic routing management without the complexity of configuring multiple VPN tunnels or BGP manually. Which Azure service should they use?

Accepted Answer

Azure Virtual WAN. Azure Virtual WAN is the correct choice because it provides a single, centrally managed hub-and-spoke architecture that connects branch offices, headquarters, and Azure over a unified network. It supports both VPN and ExpressRoute connections, automatically manages routing (including BGP) without manual configuration of multiple tunnels, and offers high bandwidth for site-to-site traffic.

Answer

Azure VPN Gateway (site-to-site) with BGP

Answer

Azure ExpressRoute with Microsoft peering

Answer

Azure Virtual Network peering

Question 5

A company has multiple virtual networks in different Azure regions. They need to connect all VNets together securely over the Microsoft backbone. They also need to connect to an on-premises data center via ExpressRoute. The solution should support transitive routing between all connected networks. Which Azure service should they use?

Accepted Answer

Azure Virtual WAN. Azure Virtual WAN is the correct choice because it provides a hub-and-spoke architecture that supports transitive routing between all connected networks (multiple VNets across regions and on-premises via ExpressRoute) over the Microsoft backbone. It natively integrates ExpressRoute and VPN gateways into a single managed service, enabling seamless connectivity and routing between any spoke VNet, branch, or on-premises site without requiring manual peering or gateway transit configuration.

Answer

Azure Virtual Network Peering

Answer

Azure VPN Gateway

Answer

Azure ExpressRoute Gateway

Question 6

A company wants to run a containerized application on Azure without managing virtual machines. They need automatic scaling, load balancing, and rolling updates. Which Azure compute service should they choose?

Accepted Answer

Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS). Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) is the correct choice because it provides a fully managed Kubernetes orchestration platform that handles containerized applications with automatic scaling (via Horizontal Pod Autoscaler), built-in load balancing (via Azure Load Balancer integration), and rolling updates (via Kubernetes deployment strategies). This meets the requirement of running containers without managing VMs, as AKS abstracts the underlying node management.

Answer

Azure Virtual Machine Scale Sets

Answer

Azure App Service

Answer

Azure Container Instances

Question 7

A company has multiple Azure virtual networks (VNets) in different regions and an on-premises data center. They need to implement a hub-and-spoke topology where the hub VNet hosts shared services like firewalls and DNS. All traffic between spokes, and between spokes and on-premises, must be routed through the hub for inspection. Additionally, spoke VNets must not be able to directly communicate with each other. Which Azure networking solution should they implement to meet these requirements with minimal administrative overhead?

Accepted Answer

Azure Virtual WAN with routing policies. Azure Virtual WAN with routing policies is the correct choice because it provides a managed hub-and-spoke topology that automatically routes all traffic between spokes and on-premises through the hub for inspection, without requiring manual user-defined routes (UDRs) or complex peering configurations. It enforces spoke isolation by default and integrates with network virtual appliances (NVAs) for traffic inspection, minimizing administrative overhead through centralized routing policies.

Answer

VNet peering with user-defined routes (UDRs) and network virtual appliances (NVAs)

Answer

Azure VPN Gateway with route-based VPN

Answer

Azure ExpressRoute with private peering

Question 8

A company deploys a web application on multiple Azure VMs within an availability set. They need to distribute incoming HTTP traffic evenly across the VMs and provide health probe monitoring. The solution must support SSL termination and source IP affinity (session persistence). Which Azure load balancing solution should they choose?

Accepted Answer

Azure Application Gateway v2. Azure Application Gateway v2 is the correct choice because it is a Layer 7 load balancer that supports SSL termination, source IP affinity (session persistence), and health probe monitoring. It can distribute HTTP traffic evenly across VMs in an availability set while offloading SSL processing from the backend VMs.

Answer

Azure Load Balancer (Basic)

Answer

Azure Load Balancer (Standard)

Answer

Azure Traffic Manager

Question 9

A company deploys a web application on Azure virtual machines (VMs) across multiple availability zones. The application needs to automatically distribute incoming HTTPS traffic, offload SSL/TLS termination, and provide session persistence. Additionally, the solution must include a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to protect against common web vulnerabilities. Which Azure load balancing solution should they use?

Accepted Answer

Azure Application Gateway. Azure Application Gateway is the correct choice because it is a Layer 7 load balancer that can route HTTPS traffic, offload SSL/TLS termination, and provide session persistence (cookie-based affinity). It also natively integrates a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to protect against common web vulnerabilities like SQL injection and cross-site scripting.

Answer

Azure Load Balancer

Answer

Azure Traffic Manager

Answer

Azure Front Door

Question 10

A company has multiple Azure virtual networks (VNets) in different regions and an on-premises data center connected via ExpressRoute. They need to implement a hub-and-spoke topology where a hub VNet hosts shared network virtual appliances (NVAs) for traffic inspection. All traffic between spokes and between spokes and on-premises must be routed through the hub. The company wants to minimize the administrative overhead of configuring and maintaining routing. Which Azure solution should they implement?

Accepted Answer

Use Azure Virtual WAN with a secured virtual hub.. Azure Virtual WAN with a secured virtual hub is the correct choice because it provides a managed hub-and-spoke topology with built-in routing, eliminating the need for manual user-defined routes (UDRs) and route tables. The secured virtual hub includes Azure Firewall for traffic inspection, and all inter-spoke and on-premises traffic is automatically routed through the hub via the Virtual WAN routing engine, which uses the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) to propagate routes dynamically. This minimizes administrative overhead by centralizing routing and security management.

Answer

Use VNet peering with user-defined routes (UDRs) in each spoke and Azure Route Server.

Answer

Create a single large VNet and use network security groups (NSGs) to isolate traffic.

Answer

Use Azure Firewall in the hub VNet and configure forced tunneling via custom routes.

Question 11

A company wants to deploy containerized microservices on Azure without managing virtual machines. The solution must support automatic scaling based on demand, built-in load balancing, rolling updates for zero-downtime deployments, and a fully managed platform. Which Azure compute service should they choose?

Accepted Answer

Azure Container Apps. Azure Container Apps is the correct choice because it provides a fully managed, serverless platform for running containerized microservices without managing virtual machines. It supports automatic scaling based on HTTP traffic or events, built-in load balancing via Envoy, and rolling updates with revision management to ensure zero-downtime deployments. This aligns perfectly with the requirement for a fully managed platform that abstracts away infrastructure.

Answer

Azure Container Instances

Answer

Azure Batch

Answer

Azure Functions

Question 12

A company deploys a multi-tier web application on Azure VMs across availability zones. The web tier must have SSL termination, session persistence, and health probe monitoring. Additionally, all traffic must be inspected by a central firewall for compliance. The solution must be highly available. Which combination of Azure services should they implement?

Accepted Answer

Azure Application Gateway (WAF) in front of web VMs, with Azure Firewall in a hub VNet for central inspection. Option A is correct because Azure Application Gateway provides SSL termination, session persistence (via cookie-based affinity), and health probes at Layer 7, which are required for a web tier. Placing Azure Firewall in a hub VNet for central inspection ensures all traffic is inspected for compliance, and deploying the web VMs across availability zones meets the high-availability requirement.

Answer

Azure Load Balancer (Standard) in front of web VMs, with a third-party Network Virtual Appliance (NVA) for inspection

Answer

Azure Front Door in front of web VMs, with Azure Firewall for inspection

Answer

Azure Traffic Manager + Azure Application Gateway

Question 13

A company deploys a web application on Azure VMs in a single region. They need to distribute incoming HTTPS traffic across multiple VMs, offload SSL termination, and provide session persistence. Which Azure load balancing solution should they choose?

Accepted Answer

Azure Application Gateway. Azure Application Gateway is the correct choice because it is a Layer 7 load balancer that supports SSL termination, session persistence (via cookie-based affinity), and HTTP/HTTPS traffic distribution. Unlike Azure Load Balancer (Layer 4), it can inspect application-layer headers and offload SSL decryption, meeting all three requirements.

Answer

Azure Load Balancer (Standard SKU)

Answer

Azure Traffic Manager

Answer

Azure Front Door

Question 14

A company plans to deploy multiple virtual machines (VMs) across two Azure regions for high availability. The VMs will host a stateless web application that must be accessible via a single DNS endpoint. The solution must automatically route traffic to the nearest region with available capacity and provide failover if a region becomes unhealthy. Which Azure service should they use to meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Azure Traffic Manager. Azure Traffic Manager is a DNS-based traffic load balancer that distributes traffic to the nearest region with available capacity using the Performance traffic-routing method, and it automatically fails over to the next healthy endpoint when a region becomes unhealthy. It operates at the DNS level, returning the appropriate endpoint IP based on the client's DNS resolver location and endpoint health probes, making it ideal for stateless web applications requiring a single DNS endpoint across regions.

Answer

Azure Front Door

Answer

Azure Load Balancer

Answer

Azure Application Gateway

Question 15

A company deploys a containerized application on Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS). They need to expose the application to the internet and provide TLS termination. The solution must also include a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to protect against common attacks. Which Azure service should they use as the ingress controller?

Accepted Answer

Azure Application Gateway. Azure Application Gateway is the correct choice because it is a layer-7 load balancer that can act as an ingress controller for AKS, providing TLS termination and a built-in Web Application Firewall (WAF) to protect against common attacks like SQL injection and cross-site scripting. It integrates directly with AKS via the Application Gateway Ingress Controller (AGIC) add-on, allowing it to route external HTTP/HTTPS traffic to containerized applications while offloading SSL/TLS processing and enforcing WAF policies at the edge.

Answer

Azure Front Door

Answer

Azure Load Balancer

Answer

Azure Traffic Manager