SOA-C02 Security and Compliance Practice Test 6 — 15 Questions

Question 1

A company's security policy requires that all new Amazon S3 buckets must have server-side encryption with AWS Key Management Service (SSE-KMS) enabled by default. A SysOps administrator wants to enforce this requirement for all current and future S3 buckets in the account. Which AWS service or feature should be used to automatically apply this configuration?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

Use AWS Config with the 's3-bucket-server-side-encryption-enabled' managed rule and configure automatic remediation to apply SSE-KMS when a non-compliant bucket is detected.. AWS Config with the 's3-bucket-server-side-encryption-enabled' managed rule can evaluate S3 buckets for compliance with server-side encryption requirements. When a non-compliant bucket is detected, automatic remediation can be configured to apply SSE-KMS using an AWS Systems Manager Automation document, ensuring all current and future buckets meet the security policy without manual intervention.

Answer

Enable S3 default encryption at the account level in the S3 console.

Answer

Create an AWS CloudTrail trail that captures S3 API calls and triggers a Lambda function to enable encryption on any bucket that is created without it.

Answer

Use an AWS Organizations Service Control Policy (SCP) to deny the s3:PutBucketPublicAccessBlock action, forcing users to enable encryption.

Question 2

An organization has a policy requiring that all Amazon EC2 instances launched in the production account must have detailed monitoring enabled for Amazon CloudWatch. A SysOps administrator needs to enforce this rule automatically. Which solution will ensure that any EC2 instance launched without detailed monitoring is automatically remediated?

Accepted Answer

Use AWS Config with the managed rule 'ec2-instance-detailed-monitoring-enabled' and configure an automatic remediation action using AWS Systems Manager Automation to enable detailed monitoring on non-compliant instances.. AWS Config with the managed rule 'ec2-instance-detailed-monitoring-enabled' continuously evaluates EC2 instances against the policy. When an instance is non-compliant (i.e., launched without detailed monitoring), the automatic remediation action uses an AWS Systems Manager Automation document to enable detailed monitoring on that instance, ensuring enforcement without manual intervention.

Answer

Use AWS Trusted Advisor to check for instances without detailed monitoring and send a notification to the administrator via email.

Answer

Use an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule to detect RunInstances API calls and trigger a Lambda function that enables detailed monitoring on newly launched instances.

Answer

Use an IAM policy that denies the ec2:RunInstances action unless the user specifies the parameter to enable detailed monitoring.

Question 3

A company manages multiple AWS accounts using AWS Organizations. The security team wants to restrict the use of Amazon EC2 instance types to only those that are approved for production workloads (e.g., m5.large, m5.xlarge). The policy should be applied to all member accounts in the organization, and it should prevent any non-approved instance type from being launched. The SysOps administrator should implement this with minimal operational overhead. Which solution should be used?

Accepted Answer

Create an AWS Organizations Service Control Policy (SCP) that denies ec2:RunInstances if the instance type is not in the approved list.. AWS Organizations Service Control Policies (SCPs) can centrally enforce restrictions across all member accounts without requiring per-account configuration. By creating an SCP that denies ec2:RunInstances when the instance type is not in the approved list, the security team can prevent non-approved EC2 instance types from being launched with minimal operational overhead, as SCPs are applied at the organization, OU, or account level and do not require managing IAM policies in each account.

Answer

Create an IAM policy in each member account that denies ec2:RunInstances unless the instance type is in the approved list.

Answer

Use AWS Config with the managed rule 'ec2-instance-type-check' and an automatic remediation action that terminates non-compliant instances.

Answer

Use Amazon EventBridge to detect RunInstances API calls and invoke a Lambda function that terminates unapproved instances.

Question 4

A company uses AWS Organizations and wants to restrict access to S3 buckets based on project tags. The security policy requires that users in the 'DataScientists' group can only access S3 buckets that have the tag 'Project: DataEngineering'. Which IAM policy condition key should the SysOps administrator use in a customer managed policy to enforce this restriction?

Accepted Answer

aws:ResourceTag. The `aws:ResourceTag` condition key is used in IAM policies to control access based on the tags attached to the AWS resource (in this case, an S3 bucket). By specifying `aws:ResourceTag/Project` with a value of `DataEngineering`, the policy ensures that only S3 buckets with that exact tag are accessible to the 'DataScientists' group. This key is evaluated against the resource's tags at the time of the request, making it the appropriate choice for tag-based resource restrictions.

Answer

s3:ExistingObjectTag

Answer

s3:ResourceTag

Answer

iam:ResourceTag

Question 5

A company's security policy requires that all new Amazon S3 buckets must have server-side encryption with AWS Key Management Service (SSE-KMS) enabled by default. A SysOps administrator wants to enforce this requirement for all current and future S3 buckets in the account. Which AWS service or feature should be used to automatically apply this configuration?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

AWS Config. AWS Config provides managed rules such as `iam-user-mfa-enabled` that can continuously evaluate IAM users against the requirement for MFA. When a user is found without MFA, AWS Config can trigger an automatic remediation action or generate a compliance report via its dashboard or Amazon SNS notifications, meeting the detection and reporting need with minimal operational overhead.

Answer

AWS CloudTrail

Answer

IAM Access Analyzer

Answer

AWS Trusted Advisor

Question 6

A company's security team requires that all Amazon S3 buckets are encrypted at rest using server-side encryption with Amazon S3 managed keys (SSE-S3). A SysOps administrator needs to automatically detect any S3 bucket that does not have encryption enabled and automatically apply SSE-S3 encryption. The solution should leverage AWS managed services and minimize custom code. Which combination of AWS services should be used?

Accepted Answer

Use AWS Config managed rule 's3-bucket-server-side-encryption-enabled' with an automatic remediation action using AWS Systems Manager Automation.. AWS Config's managed rule 's3-bucket-server-side-encryption-enabled' continuously evaluates S3 buckets for encryption compliance, and its automatic remediation action can invoke an AWS Systems Manager Automation document to enable SSE-S3 encryption on noncompliant buckets without custom code. This fully meets the requirement to automatically detect and remediate unencrypted buckets using AWS managed services.

Answer

Use AWS Trusted Advisor to identify unencrypted buckets and then manually enable encryption.

Answer

Use AWS CloudTrail to detect PutBucket operations and trigger a Lambda function that enables encryption.

Answer

Create an IAM bucket policy that denies any PutObject request that does not include x-amz-server-side-encryption header.

Question 7

A company's security policy requires that all new Amazon S3 buckets must have server-side encryption with AWS Key Management Service (SSE-KMS) enabled by default. A SysOps administrator wants to enforce this requirement for all current and future S3 buckets in the account. Which AWS service or feature should be used to automatically apply this configuration?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

AWS Config with the managed rule 'root-account-mfa-enabled'. AWS Config provides a managed rule called 'root-account-mfa-enabled' that continuously evaluates whether the root user has an MFA device configured. When the rule detects non-compliance, it can trigger an Amazon SNS notification to alert the security team, meeting the requirement for automated compliance verification and alerting.

Answer

AWS Trusted Advisor

Answer

AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) Access Analyzer

Answer

Amazon Inspector

Question 8

A SysOps administrator manages IAM roles for Amazon EC2 instances. The administrator needs to identify permissions that have never been used in the last 90 days to right-size the policies. Which AWS feature should be used to achieve this?

Accepted Answer

IAM Access Analyzer unused access analysis. IAM Access Analyzer unused access analysis is the correct AWS feature because it specifically analyzes IAM roles and policies to identify permissions that have not been used within a specified time frame (e.g., 90 days). It provides a report of unused actions, allowing the administrator to right-size policies by removing unnecessary permissions. This directly addresses the requirement to identify unused permissions for EC2 instance roles.

Answer

AWS CloudTrail Insights

Answer

IAM policy simulator

Answer

AWS Config managed rules

Question 9

A company's security policy requires that all new Amazon S3 buckets must have server-side encryption with AWS Key Management Service (SSE-KMS) enabled by default. A SysOps administrator wants to enforce this requirement for all current and future S3 buckets in the account. Which AWS service or feature should be used to automatically apply this configuration?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

AWS Config with managed rule and automatic remediation via SSM Automation. AWS Config with a managed rule (e.g., s3-bucket-public-read-prohibited or s3-bucket-public-write-prohibited) can continuously evaluate S3 bucket configurations against the security policy. When a bucket becomes publicly accessible, AWS Config triggers an automatic remediation action using an SSM Automation document that applies a bucket policy to block public access, all without custom code.

Answer

AWS IAM Access Analyzer with Amazon EventBridge

Answer

AWS CloudTrail and AWS Lambda

Answer

AWS Trusted Advisor and Amazon SNS

Question 10

A company's security policy requires that all new Amazon S3 buckets must have server-side encryption with AWS Key Management Service (SSE-KMS) enabled by default. A SysOps administrator wants to enforce this requirement for all current and future S3 buckets in the account. Which AWS service or feature should be used to automatically apply this configuration?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

AWS Config and AWS Lambda. AWS Config can evaluate S3 bucket configurations against a managed rule (s3-bucket-server-side-encryption-enabled) to detect non-compliant buckets. When a non-compliant bucket is detected, AWS Config can trigger an AWS Lambda function via an Amazon EventBridge rule or a custom remediation action to automatically enable SSE-S3 encryption on the bucket. This combination uses managed services and minimizes custom code, meeting the security policy requirement.

Answer

Amazon GuardDuty and AWS Lambda

Answer

AWS CloudTrail and Amazon EventBridge

Answer

Amazon Macie and AWS Step Functions

Question 11

A SysOps administrator needs to ensure that all Amazon S3 buckets in an AWS account are encrypted at rest. The administrator wants to automatically remediate any bucket that is created without default encryption. Which AWS service should be used to achieve this with the least operational overhead?

Accepted Answer

AWS Config with a managed rule and auto-remediation via AWS Systems Manager Automation. AWS Config with the managed rule 's3-bucket-default-encryption-enabled' can detect S3 buckets that lack default encryption. By attaching an AWS Systems Manager Automation document (e.g., 'AWS-EnableS3BucketEncryption') as an auto-remediation action, the administrator can automatically apply AES-256 or AWS-KMS encryption to noncompliant buckets without manual intervention, minimizing operational overhead.

Answer

AWS CloudTrail with Amazon CloudWatch Events and AWS Lambda

Answer

AWS Trusted Advisor with Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS)

Answer

Amazon Inspector with AWS Systems Manager Patch Manager

Question 12

A company's security policy requires that all new Amazon S3 buckets must have server-side encryption with AWS Key Management Service (SSE-KMS) enabled by default. A SysOps administrator wants to enforce this requirement for all current and future S3 buckets in the account. Which AWS service or feature should be used to automatically apply this configuration?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

AWS Config with the 'access-keys-rotated' managed rule and Amazon SNS. AWS Config's 'access-keys-rotated' managed rule checks whether IAM user access keys have been rotated within the specified number of days (default 90). When a non-compliant resource is detected, AWS Config can trigger an Amazon SNS notification directly, without any custom code or additional infrastructure. This combination provides a fully managed, serverless solution with the least operational overhead.

Answer

AWS CloudTrail and Amazon CloudWatch Logs with metric filters and alarms

Answer

IAM Access Analyzer and AWS Lambda

Answer

Amazon GuardDuty and Amazon EventBridge

Question 13

A company's security policy requires that all new Amazon S3 buckets must have server-side encryption with AWS Key Management Service (SSE-KMS) enabled by default. A SysOps administrator wants to enforce this requirement for all current and future S3 buckets in the account. Which AWS service or feature should be used to automatically apply this configuration?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

AWS Config with the 'required-tags' managed rule and Amazon SNS. AWS Config's 'required-tags' managed rule continuously evaluates EC2 instances against the specified tag key and allowed values, triggering an SNS notification when non-compliant resources are detected. This provides automated detection and alerting with minimal operational overhead, as it requires no custom code or infrastructure management.

Answer

Amazon CloudWatch Events with an EC2 instance state change rule and AWS Lambda

Answer

AWS Trusted Advisor with a custom check

Answer

Amazon Inspector with a network assessment

Question 14

A company wants to ensure that only specific IAM roles within the same AWS account can encrypt and decrypt data using an AWS KMS customer managed key. Which type of policy must be configured to achieve this restriction?

Accepted Answer

KMS key policy. A KMS key policy is the primary mechanism to control access to a customer managed key. By default, a KMS key policy must explicitly grant the necessary permissions (kms:Encrypt, kms:Decrypt) to IAM roles, and it can restrict those permissions to specific roles within the same account using the `aws:PrincipalArn` condition key. This ensures that only the designated IAM roles can encrypt and decrypt data with that key.

Answer

IAM policy attached to the roles

Answer

Service control policy (SCP)

Answer

Resource policy attached to the KMS key

Question 15

A SysOps administrator needs to detect when an IAM user attempts to modify an Amazon S3 bucket policy in the production AWS account. The administrator wants to receive an email notification within 5 minutes of such an event. The solution must use AWS managed services with no custom code. Which combination of services should the administrator use?

Accepted Answer

AWS CloudTrail, Amazon CloudWatch Events (Amazon EventBridge), and Amazon SNS. AWS CloudTrail captures the S3 bucket policy modification as a management event, which can be sent to Amazon EventBridge (formerly CloudWatch Events) as a real-time event. EventBridge can then trigger an SNS topic to send an email notification within minutes, all using fully managed services with no custom code required.

Answer

AWS CloudTrail, Amazon CloudWatch Logs metric filter, and Amazon SNS

Answer

Amazon S3 event notifications and Amazon SNS

Answer

AWS CloudTrail, AWS Lambda, and Amazon SNS