SCS-C02 Practice Test 7 — 10 Questions

Question 1

A company is designing a data protection strategy for Amazon EBS volumes. Which TWO practices should be implemented? (Choose TWO.)

Accepted Answer

Enable encryption by default for new EBS volumes. For data protection of Amazon EBS volumes, enable encryption by default (A) to ensure all new volumes are encrypted. Regular snapshots of EBS volumes stored in a different region (D) provide disaster recovery capability. Option E (EBS multi-attach) is intended for high availability, not data protection, and does not directly protect data. Options B and C are incorrect: S3 Object Lock is for S3 objects, not EBS snapshots; automated backups for RDS are for RDS databases, not EBS volumes.

Answer

Use S3 Object Lock to prevent deletion of snapshots

Answer

Enable automated backups for Amazon RDS

Answer

Use EBS multi-attach for high availability

Question 2

A company stores sensitive data in Amazon S3. The security team needs to ensure that data is encrypted at rest and that access is logged. Which TWO actions meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Enable S3 server access logs. (Enable S3 server access logs) and Option D (Enable default encryption on the S3 bucket) are correct. Default encryption ensures data is encrypted at rest. Server access logs record requests to the bucket. Option A is wrong because VPC Flow Logs capture network traffic, not S3 access. Option C is wrong because CloudTrail logs data events only if explicitly enabled. Option E is wrong because IAM Access Analyzer analyzes resource policies, not logging access.

Answer

Enable VPC Flow Logs for the VPC

Answer

Enable AWS CloudTrail to log data events

Answer

Enable AWS IAM Access Analyzer

Question 3

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage multiple accounts. The security team wants to enable CloudTrail for all accounts and centrally store logs. What is the most efficient way to achieve this?

Accepted Answer

Create a CloudTrail trail in the management account and apply it to all accounts in the organization. AWS Organizations allows you to create a single CloudTrail trail in the management account that automatically applies to all member accounts within the organization. This is the most efficient method as it eliminates the need for manual per-account configuration or custom automation, and it ensures consistent logging across the entire organization with centralized log delivery to a single S3 bucket.

Answer

Use an S3 bucket policy to allow cross-account log delivery

Answer

Use AWS Lambda to create trails in each account

Answer

Ask each account admin to create their own CloudTrail trail and deliver to a central S3 bucket

Question 4

A company wants to encrypt data at rest in Amazon S3 using server-side encryption with Amazon S3-managed keys (SSE-S3). What is the minimum permission required for an IAM user to upload an object that will be encrypted with SSE-S3?

Accepted Answer

s3:PutObject. (s3:PutObject) is correct. SSE-S3 does not require any special permissions beyond s3:PutObject; S3 handles the encryption automatically. Option A (s3:PutObjectAcl) is wrong because it is for managing object ACLs, not for uploading. Option B (kms:Decrypt) is wrong because it is not needed for SSE-S3; kms:Decrypt is used for decryption with KMS. Option D (kms:GenerateDataKey) is wrong because it is needed for SSE-KMS, not SSE-S3.

Answer

s3:PutObjectAcl

Answer

kms:Decrypt

Answer

kms:GenerateDataKey

Question 5

A company is designing a data protection strategy for Amazon EBS volumes. Which TWO practices should be implemented? (Choose TWO.)

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

Configure a KMS key policy that allows the EFS service to use the key.. You must configure the KMS key policy to allow the EFS service to use the key for encryption at rest. Option B is correct because encryption at rest is enabled by specifying a customer-managed KMS key when creating the EFS file system. Option E is correct because encryption in transit is enabled by using the TLS option when mounting the file system on the client. Option C is incorrect because EFS does not support SSE-S3; it uses KMS for encryption at rest. Option D is incorrect because IAM policies can restrict who can create encrypted file systems, but the question specifically asks about controlling which KMS keys can be used, which is done via KMS key policies, not IAM policies.

Answer

Enable default encryption on the EFS file system using SSE-S3.

Answer

Use an IAM policy to restrict which users can create encrypted file systems.

Question 6

A company has an AWS environment with multiple accounts managed under AWS Organizations. The security team wants to enforce that all newly created S3 buckets in any account have encryption enabled by default. Which approach should the security team take?

Accepted Answer

Create a Service Control Policy (SCP) that denies the creation of S3 buckets without encryption.. A Service Control Policy (SCP) can be applied at the organizational level to deny the creation of S3 buckets without encryption, enforcing the policy across all accounts proactively. Option A is wrong because AWS Config rules are reactive and only detect violations after buckets are created. Option B is wrong because S3 default encryption is a bucket-level setting that must be configured per bucket, not an organization-wide enforcement. Option C is wrong because IAM policies are account-specific and cannot be centrally enforced across all accounts in the organization.

Answer

Use AWS Config rules to detect unencrypted buckets and send alerts.

Answer

Enable S3 default encryption in each account's S3 settings.

Answer

Apply an IAM policy to the root user of each account to enforce bucket encryption.

Question 7

A security engineer is troubleshooting an issue where an EC2 instance cannot access an S3 bucket via a VPC endpoint. The bucket policy allows access only from the VPC endpoint. The instance has an IAM role that grants s3:GetObject on the bucket. The EC2 instance receives an AccessDenied error. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

The bucket policy does not include the aws:SourceVpce condition.. The AccessDenied error occurs because the S3 bucket policy must include the aws:SourceVpce condition to allow access from the specific VPC endpoint. Without this condition, the bucket policy denies all requests that do not originate from the endpoint, regardless of IAM permissions. Option B is correct because the missing condition is the most likely cause.

Answer

The IAM role does not have sufficient permissions.

Answer

The VPC endpoint policy is blocking the request.

Answer

The EC2 instance's security group does not allow outbound traffic to S3.

Question 8

A company has a multi-account AWS environment with 50 accounts. The security team uses AWS CloudTrail to log management events in each account and delivers logs to a centralized S3 bucket in the security account. Recently, the team noticed that some CloudTrail logs are missing from the central bucket for a few accounts. The logs appear to be delivered intermittently. The security engineer checks the CloudTrail configuration in one of the affected accounts and sees that the trail is configured to deliver to the central bucket. The bucket policy in the security account allows CloudTrail to write from all accounts. The engineer also checks the CloudTrail console and sees that the trail status is 'Logging'. What is the MOST likely cause of the intermittent log delivery?

Accepted Answer

The CloudTrail trail is using Kinesis Data Firehose for delivery, which has a throughput limit.. The most likely cause is that the CloudTrail trail is configured to deliver logs via Kinesis Data Firehose, which has a throughput limit. If the volume of log data exceeds the Firehose stream's capacity, some logs may fail to be delivered, resulting in intermittent missing logs. Option A is incorrect because S3 default encryption (SSE-S3) does not interfere with CloudTrail writes; CloudTrail can write to encrypted buckets. Option B is incorrect because a lifecycle policy deletes objects after they are stored, not during delivery, so it would not cause intermittent missing logs. Option D is incorrect because CloudTrail does not use SQS for log delivery; it delivers directly to S3 or via Firehose.

Answer

The S3 bucket has default encryption enabled, which interferes with CloudTrail writes.

Answer

The S3 bucket has a Lifecycle policy that deletes objects prematurely.

Answer

The CloudTrail trail in each account is not associated with an SQS queue, causing delivery failures.

Question 9

A company is using AWS Organizations to manage multiple accounts. The security team wants to prevent the creation of Amazon EC2 instances with public IP addresses in all accounts. Which TWO actions should the team take to implement this control using Service Control Policies (SCPs)?

Accepted Answer

Create an SCP with a Deny effect for ec2:RunInstances where the request parameter ec2:AssociatePublicIpAddress is true.. An SCP with a Deny effect for ec2:RunInstances can use the condition key ec2:AssociatePublicIpAddress to block instance creation when a public IP is requested. Option D is correct because attaching the SCP to the root OU ensures it applies to all accounts in the organization. Option A is wrong because the condition key ec2:LaunchTemplate is used to restrict based on launch templates, not public IP assignment. Option B is wrong because SCPs do not add IAM policies; they set permission boundaries that deny or allow actions. Option E is wrong because SCPs can deny actions based on tags but the condition key for public IP is ec2:AssociatePublicIpAddress, not a tag.

Answer

Use the condition key 'ec2:LaunchTemplate' to deny public IPs.

Answer

Create an SCP that adds an IAM policy to deny ec2:RunInstances.

Answer

Create an SCP that requires the tag 'PublicIP' to be set to 'false'.

Question 10

A company is required to audit all changes to IAM policies. Which AWS service should be used to record these changes?

Accepted Answer

AWS CloudTrail. AWS CloudTrail is the correct service because it records API activity in your AWS account, including all IAM policy changes made via the AWS Management Console, SDKs, CLI, or AWS services. Each event is captured as a CloudTrail event with details such as the identity making the request, the time of the request, and the request parameters, enabling a complete audit trail of IAM policy modifications.

Answer

AWS Config

Answer

Amazon CloudWatch Logs

Answer

Amazon S3

Answer

IAM Access Analyzer