DOP-C02 Practice Test 7 — 10 Questions

Question 1

A company uses AWS Secrets Manager to rotate secrets for an RDS database. The rotation Lambda function fails with a timeout error. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

The Lambda function is not configured to access the VPC where the RDS instance resides.. The most likely cause of the timeout error is that the Lambda function is not configured to access the VPC where the RDS instance resides. When Secrets Manager rotates a secret for an RDS database, the rotation Lambda function must connect to the database to update the credentials. If the Lambda function is not attached to the same VPC (or a VPC with proper routing and security group rules), it cannot reach the RDS instance, causing network connection attempts to hang until the function times out.

Answer

The Lambda function's execution role lacks the required IAM permissions.

Answer

The secret rotation schedule is set to less than 24 hours.

Answer

The Lambda function does not have permission to access the S3 bucket.

Question 2

A team uses AWS CodePipeline to deploy a containerized application to Amazon ECS. The pipeline uses a source stage from CodeCommit, a build stage that builds a Docker image and pushes it to Amazon ECR, and a deploy stage that updates an ECS service. The team wants to add a manual approval step before the deploy stage to allow QA to verify the image. What is the BEST way to implement this?

Accepted Answer

Add a manual approval stage in CodePipeline between the build and deploy stages, and configure SNS to notify approvers.. CodePipeline natively supports manual approval actions that pause the pipeline at a specified stage and wait for an approver to manually approve or reject the transition. By adding a manual approval stage between the build and deploy stages, the pipeline will automatically halt after the build completes, and you can configure Amazon SNS to notify the QA team via email or other endpoints when their approval is required. This approach requires no custom infrastructure, integrates directly with the pipeline's state machine, and provides a built-in audit trail of approvals.

Answer

Configure an AWS Lambda function in the pipeline that checks a DynamoDB table for approval status and pauses until approved.

Answer

Use an Amazon SNS topic to send a notification to QA, and have them manually trigger the deploy stage by clicking a link in the email.

Answer

Use Amazon CloudWatch Events to trigger a custom action that waits for an approval signal.

Question 3

A company uses AWS CloudFormation StackSets to deploy a VPC across multiple AWS accounts in AWS Organizations. The StackSet is created with self-managed permissions. The deployment fails in some accounts with the error: 'Insufficient IAM permissions to create resources'. What is the most likely cause of this failure?

Accepted Answer

The execution IAM role is not created in the target accounts. With self-managed permissions in AWS CloudFormation StackSets, the administrator account does not automatically create the necessary IAM roles in target accounts. The execution IAM role must be manually created in each target account to grant StackSets the permissions required to create resources. The error 'Insufficient IAM permissions to create resources' directly indicates that this execution role is missing or lacks the required policies.

Answer

The StackSet does not support deploying to more than one account

Answer

The administrator account does not have a service-linked role for StackSets

Answer

The target accounts have reached their resource service quotas

Question 4

A company uses AWS CloudFormation to manage its infrastructure. The stack creation recently failed because an IAM role resource was created before the AWS Lambda function that depends on it. The template has no DependsOn clauses. What is the most likely reason for this failure and how can it be fixed?

Accepted Answer

Add a DependsOn clause to the Lambda function resource referencing the IAM role. The most likely reason for the failure is that CloudFormation, by default, parallelizes the creation of resources that do not have explicit dependencies. Since the IAM role and Lambda function have no DependsOn clause, CloudFormation may attempt to create the Lambda function before the IAM role is fully created and its permissions are propagated. Adding a DependsOn clause to the Lambda function resource referencing the IAM role ensures that CloudFormation creates the IAM role first, resolving the dependency and preventing the failure.

Answer

Use AWS Systems Manager Automation to create the resources sequentially

Answer

Use a ChangeSet to roll back the stack and modify the template

Answer

Split the template into two separate stacks and use nested stacks

Question 5

A DevOps engineer creates the CloudFormation template shown in the exhibit. When the stack is created, the EC2 instance is launched but the security group is not applied to the instance. What is the likely cause?

Accepted Answer

The instance does not have a SecurityGroup or SecurityGroupIds property referencing the security group.. The CloudFormation template does not include a `SecurityGroup` or `SecurityGroupIds` property in the EC2 instance's `AWS::EC2::Instance` resource. Without this explicit reference, the instance launches with the default VPC security group, not the custom security group defined in the template. The security group resource is created successfully, but it is not attached to the instance.

Answer

The security group resource is missing a VpcId property, so it is not created in the same VPC as the instance.

Answer

The security group is created after the instance, so the instance cannot reference it.

Answer

The DependsOn clause should be removed because it causes a circular dependency.

Question 6

A company uses Amazon RDS for MySQL with Multi-AZ deployment. The database instance fails and AWS automatically fails over to the standby. After the failover, the application cannot connect to the database. The engineer checks the RDS console and sees that the instance status is Available. What is the MOST likely cause of the connectivity issue?

Accepted Answer

The application is using the database's DNS endpoint for the old primary, which is no longer the writer.. After an RDS Multi-AZ failover, the DNS endpoint for the DB instance remains the same but its underlying IP address changes to point to the new primary (formerly the standby). If the application caches the IP address of the old primary or uses a direct connection to the old writer endpoint, it will attempt to connect to a node that is no longer the writer. The correct practice is to always connect using the RDS instance endpoint (CNAME), which automatically resolves to the current writer, and to avoid caching the resolved IP address. Since the instance status is 'Available', the new primary is ready, so the issue is a stale connection target.

Answer

The security group for the RDS instance has changed during failover.

Answer

The DNS record for the RDS endpoint has not propagated to the application's DNS resolver.

Answer

The database instance is still in the process of failover and is not yet accepting connections.

Question 7

A company is building a serverless application using AWS Lambda, Amazon API Gateway, and Amazon DynamoDB. The application is expected to have unpredictable traffic patterns. The DevOps team needs to ensure that the application can handle sudden spikes in traffic without throttling. Which TWO actions should the team take? (Choose TWO.)

Accepted Answer

Use DynamoDB on-demand capacity mode for the table.. DynamoDB on-demand capacity mode automatically scales to handle unpredictable traffic spikes without requiring capacity planning or throttling. This mode charges per request and can accommodate sudden bursts of traffic up to the table's previous peak, making it ideal for serverless applications with variable workloads.

Answer

Configure DynamoDB auto scaling with a minimum capacity of 10 read/write capacity units.

Answer

Increase the Lambda function timeout to the maximum (15 minutes).

Answer

Set API Gateway throttling limits to a high value to prevent throttling.

Question 8

A Lambda function is unable to write logs to CloudWatch Logs. The IAM policy attached to the function's execution role is shown above. What is the issue?

Accepted Answer

The policy is missing the 'logs:CreateLogGroup' and 'logs:CreateLogStream' actions.. The Lambda function's execution role must include permissions for 'logs:CreateLogGroup' and 'logs:CreateLogStream' in addition to 'logs:PutLogEvents' to write logs to CloudWatch. The provided policy likely only grants 'logs:PutLogEvents', which allows writing to existing log streams but not creating the log group or stream. Option A is incorrect because the resource ARN can be generalized to the log group or stream without specifying the stream name. Option B is incorrect because the region mismatch would cause a different error. Option C is incorrect because the action 'logs:PutLogEvents' is necessary but not sufficient; the missing create actions are the issue.

Answer

The resource ARN is incorrect; it should include the log stream name.

Answer

The region in the ARN does not match the Lambda function's region.

Answer

The action should be 'logs:PutLogEvents' but the resource is too restrictive.

Question 9

A company is using AWS CodePipeline with multiple stages that include source, build, and deploy. The pipeline uses an Amazon S3 bucket as the source action. The team notices that the pipeline is not automatically starting when new files are uploaded to the S3 bucket. The S3 bucket has versioning enabled. What is the most likely reason?

Accepted Answer

The pipeline is configured to detect changes based on object key, but the uploaded file uses the same key as an existing object.. CodePipeline's S3 source action detects changes based on object key and ETag. When a file is uploaded with the same key as an existing object, even with versioning enabled, the ETag may not change if the content is identical, or the pipeline may not trigger if it only monitors for new keys. Versioning creates a new version ID, but CodePipeline's default detection relies on object key changes or ETag changes, not version ID changes, so uploading a file with the same key may not start the pipeline.

Answer

The S3 bucket is the same bucket used for the deploy action.

Answer

The S3 bucket is not configured to send Amazon SQS notifications to CodePipeline.

Answer

The S3 bucket does not have versioning enabled.

Question 10

An IAM policy is attached to a user who needs to manually start a CodePipeline execution. The pipeline uses an S3 bucket named 'my-artifact-bucket' for artifacts. The user reports that they cannot start the pipeline. Which action is missing from the policy?

Accepted Answer

codepipeline:ListPipelines. The user needs to manually start a CodePipeline execution, which requires the `codepipeline:StartPipelineExecution` action. However, the question asks which action is missing from the policy, and the correct answer is `codepipeline:ListPipelines` because the user cannot even see the pipeline to start it. Without `codepipeline:ListPipelines`, the AWS Management Console or CLI will not return the pipeline in the list, preventing the user from selecting it to start execution. The other actions are either not directly required for starting a pipeline or are unrelated to the permission needed to list pipelines.

Answer

iam:PassRole

Answer

codepipeline:GetPipelineExecution

Answer

s3:PutObject